Iran's Military Strategy

IRAN'S MILITARY STRATEGY

June 2007

Compiled by Glenda Armstrong
Bibliographer, Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center
Maxwell AFB, AL

Contents

General Information

Conventional Forces/Weapons

Foreign Relations

Nuclear Issues

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Some materials listed below require access to subscription databases. If you cannot gain access, contact your local library for availability. AU students and faculty can contact the Center's Web Maintainer for a password.

All sites listed were last accessed on June 14, 2007.

General Information

Internet Resources

Center for Strategic and International Studies. Iran's Military and Nuclear Capabilities.
Available online at: http://www.csis.org/burke/iran
Analyzes Iran's conventional military capabilities, Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps asymmetric capabilities, Iran's missile capabilities and Iran's internal stability.

GlobalSecurity.org. - Iran Military Guide.
Available online at: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iran/

International Crisis Group - Iran.
Available online at: http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=2438&l=1
Links to their recent reports and briefings. Includes a link to a brief history of Iran's nuclear program and a further link to the CrisisWatch database containing monthly reports on conflict developments for Iran since September 2003.

Military Periscope.com: Iran.
Available online at: http://www.militaryperiscope.com/nations/mideast/iran/organzn/index.html
Subscription database restricted to AU students. Under the "Nations Armed Forces" section, offers information on the Iranian Army, Navy, and Air Force structure and strengths, the defense budget, and the nuclear program. "Special Reports" section provides numerous reports such as "Shielding Europe from Iranian Missiles", "Iranian-North Korean Collaboration", and "Iran's Fitful Search for Partners".

Books

International Military Markets: Middle East and Africa. Newtown, CT, Forecast International/DMS, 2007. 1 vol.
Iran. Offers a forty-two page report on the military budget, force structure, military posture, analysis, etc.
Book call no.: R 338.476234 F7142

Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment: The Gulf States. Alexandria, VA, Jane's Information Group, 2007. 1 vol.
Iran, pp 56-156. Provides information on security, internal and external affairs, armed forces structure, chain of command, doctrine and strategy, declared policy, defence budget, procurement, etc.
Also available online at: http://sentinel.janes.com/docs/sentinel/GULFS_country.jsp?Prod_Name=GULFS&Sent_Country=Iran& (Restricted to AU students).
Book call no.: R 953.6 J33 iss.20 2007

World Factbook. Washington, Central Intelligence Agency, 2005. 1 vol.
Iran, pp 261-263. Newest information is available online.
Also available online at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html
Book call no.: R 910 W9271

Conventional Forces/Weapons

Books

Cordesman, Anthony H. Iran's Developing Military Capabilities. Washington, Center for Strategic and International Studies Press, 2005. 147 p.
Offers six chapters on aspects of Iran's conventional forces including the Iranian Army, Navy, Air Force, and the Islamic Revolutionsry Guards. Chapter 7 deals with proliferation and weapons of mass destruction.
Book call no.: 355.033255 C794ia

Cordesman, Anthony H. The Military Balance in the Middle East. Westport, CT, Praeger, 2004. 560 p.
Provides details on military expenditures and major arms systems, as well as qualitative trends by country.
Iran's Erratic Military Modernization, pp 254-283.
Book call no.: 355.033056 C794m

Cordesman, Anthony H. and Al-Rodhan, Khalid R. Gulf Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars. Westport, CT, Praeger Security International, 2007. 315 p.
Chapter 8 covers Iran's military spending and arms imports, military manpower and Iranian Army weapons capabilities.
Book call no.: 355.0330536 c794ga vol. 1

Russell, Richard L. Weapons Proliferation and War in the Greater Middle East: Strategic Contest. New York, Routledge, 2005. 213 p.
Examines ballistic missiles, defenses and Iran's nuclear weapons ambitions.
Book call no.: 355.02170956 R966w

Periodicals

Consider Iran's Missiles and Aircraft, too. Aviation Week & Space Technology 164:94 April 24, 2006.
Reports that there is no way to know Iran's plans relative to missiles, long-range aircraft and covert/proxy use.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20635509&site=ehost-live

Devine, James and Schofield, Julian. Coercive Counter-Proliferation and Escalation: Assessing the Iran Military Option. Defense & Security Analysis 22:141-157 June 2006.
Discusses Iran's possibilities for defensive strategy should the U.S. attack. Includes information on the various uses of its conventional forces for those strategies - pre-emption, defense, attrition, and compellance.

Ekovich, Steven. Iran and New Threats in the Persian Gulf and Middle East. Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs 48:71-87 Winter 2004.
Contains sections on "Iran and Conventional Military Weapons", pp 74-77 and "Iran and WMD", pp 77-80.

Hilburn, Matt. Asymmetric Strategy: Growing Iranian Navy Relies on "Unbalanced Warfare" Tactics. Seapower 49:14-17 December 2006.

Hughes, Robin. Briefing: Iran's Ballistic Missile Developments. Jane's Defence Weekly 43:22-27 September 13, 2006.

Iranian Military Exercises. Jane's Islamic Affairs Analyst, pp 10-11, July 2006.
The "Holy Prophet" exercises were designed to bring a sense of status to Iran, and convey a confidence in the country's military capabilities.

Johnson, Reuben. Iran Strives for Self-Sufficiency in Conventional Weapons. Jane's Intelligence Review 18:44-46 December 2006.
Iran has been developing an industrial base and indigenous weapons designs that could eventually free it from reliance on foreign suppliers.

Knights, Michael. Iran's Conventional Forces Remain Key to Deterring Potential Threats. Jane's Intelligence Review 18:6-13 February 2006.

World Defence Almanac 2002-2003: Iran. Military Technology 27, no.1:214-216 2003.

World Defence Almanac 2005-2006: Iran. Military Technology 30, no.1:252-255 2006.

Foreign Relations

Internet Resources

Elkhamri, Mounir. Iran's Contribution to the Civil War in Iraq. Washington, Jamestown Foundation, January 2007.
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464092

Fakhravar, Amir Abbas. Iran's Nuclear Impasse. FDCH Congressional Testimony July 20, 2006.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=32Y1128344174&site=ehost-live
Asks for U.S. help in overthrowing the present Iranian regime. Argues that a secular democratic government in Iran will be best for the Middle East and the "global village"

Iran Nuclear Program: U.S. Options, compiled by Stephen B. T. Chun. Maxwell AFB, AL, Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center, March 2007.
Available online at: http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/irannuclear2007.htm

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. Iran: Profile and Statements of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, by Hussein D. Hassan. Washington, CRS, January 16, 2007.
Offers several public statements by President Ahmadinejad concerning relations with both Israel and with the United States.
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA460691

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. Iran's Influence in Iraq, by Kenneth Katzman. Washington, CRS, June 13, 2006.
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA454200

U.S. Department of State. Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. Iran.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/p/nea/ci/c2404.htm
Provides Congressional testimony, various reports, current news and resolutions.

Books

Ansari, Ali. Confronting Iran: The Failure of American Foreign Policy and the Next Great Crisis in the Middle East. New York, Basic Books, 2006. 280 p.
Offers several chapters on the U.S. and Iranian relations and a chapter on nuclear poltics.
Book call no.: 327.73055 A617c

Berman, Ilan. Tehran Rising: Iran's Challenge to the United States. Lanham, MD, Rowman & Littlefield, 2005. 218 p.
Contends that Iran is the greatest challenge to the U.S. and the War on Terror because it is the most active sponsor of terrorism and has made strident advances in nuclear weapons, its chemical and biological weapons and its conventional military.
Book call no.: 327.55073 B516t

Freedman, Robert O. Russia, Iran and the Nuclear Question: The Putin Record. Carlisle, PA, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, November 2006. 54 p.
Book call no.: 327.47055 F853r

Ganji, Babak. Iran & Israel: Asymmetric Warfare and Regional Strategy. Swindon, UK, Conflict Studies Research Centre, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, October 2006. 31 p.
Book call no.: 327.5505694 G197i

Ganji, Babak. Main Currents in Iranian Strategy since 9/11. Camberley, UK, Conflict Studies Research Centre, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, March 2005. 28 p. (Middle East Series 05/13)
"Reviews the continuities and changes in Iranian foreign policy since 9/11. Main continuity is Iran's pursuit of detente with the EU and conservative Arab states. Main changes are new divisions between advocates of the pursuit of selective bandwagoning with the U.S. in Afghanistan and Iraq and advocates of asymmetric strategies aimed at driving the US out of the region."- Report Abstract.
Also available online at: http://www.defac.ac.uk/colleges/csrc/document-listings/middle-east/05%2813%29-BJ.pdf
Book call no.: 327.55 G197m

Kogan, Eugene. Israeli Perceptions of the Iranian Issue. Camberley, Surrey, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Conflict Studies Research Centre, 2006. 14 p.
Book call no.: 327.5694055 K78i

Main, S. J. The Bear, the Peacock, the Eagle, the Sturgeon and the Black, Black Oil: Contemporary Regional Power Politics in the Caspian Sea. Camberley, UK, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Conflict Studies Research Centre, 2005. 25 p.
Also available online at: http://www.caei.com.ar/es/programas/cei/P13.pdf
Book call no.: 355.0330475 M224b

Pollack, Kenneth M. The Persian Puzzle: The Conflict Between Iran and America. New York, Random House, 2005. 539 p.
Book call no.: 327.73055 P771p 2005

United States. Congress. House. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Subcommittee on Intelligence Policy. Recognizing Iran as a Strategic Threat: An Intelligence Challenge for the United States. Staff report. Washington, GPO, August 23, 2006.
Also available online at: http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A71123535
Book call no.: 327.73055 R311

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Iran: Weapons Proliferation, Terrorism, and Democracy. Hearing. 109th Congress, 1st session, May 19, 2005. Washington, GPO, 2005. 68 p.
Book call no.: 327.17470955 U58i

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Nuclear Iran: Challenges and Responses. Hearing. 109th Congress, 2d session, March 2, 2006. Washington, GPO, 2006. 53 p.
Book call no.: 327.73055 U581n

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Responding to Iran's Nuclear Ambitions: Next Steps. Hearing. 109th Congress, 2d session, September 19, 2006. Washington, GPO, 2006. 79 p.
Book call no.: 327.73055 U581r

Document

Madson, Peter N. The Sky Is Not Falling: Regional Reaction to a Nuclear-Armed Iran. Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006. 93 p.
Provides individual sections on the reaction, issues and concerns of Israel, the Gulf States, and Pakistan.
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525 M1831s

Periodicals

Bahgat, Gawdat. Strategic Rivalry in the Caspian Sea. Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 29:1-17 Summer 2006.

Bali, Ash U. The US and the Iranian Nuclear Impasse. Middle East Report 36:12-21 Winter 2006.

Brookes, Peter. Iran Emboldened: Tehran Seeks to Dominate Middle East Politics. Armed Forces Journal 144:10-12 April 2007.

Copley, Gregory R. Ahmadi-Nejad's "Message" Reflects Belief that Tehran Has the Strategic Initiative. Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy 34, no.12:3 2006.

Copley, Gregory R. Iran's Plan for a Lebanese Civil War Is Integral to a Broader Strategy. Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy 34, no.12:4-6 2006.

Ehsani, Kaveh. Iran: The Populist Threat to Democracy. Middle East Report 36:4-9 Winter 2006.

Ekovich, Steven. Iran and New Threats in the Persian Gulf and Middle East. Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs 48:71-87 Winter 2004.

Iran's Iraqi Interests. Jane's Islamic Affairs Analyst, pp 7-8, January 2006.

Kahwaji, Riad and Opall-Rome, Barbara. U.S. Seeks Arab Allies Against Iran. Defense News 21:1+ October 16, 2006.

Mokhtari, Fariborz. Mahmud Ahamadinejad's Presidency: What Does Iran Really Want? American Foreign Policy Interests 28:355-365 October 2006.

Tarock, Adam. Iran's Nuclear Programme and the West. Third World Quarterly 27:534-664 June 2006.
Discusses the irony of the present dispute between the West and Iran because the Europeans and Americans helped and encouraged Iran in the development of its nuclear program.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21007540&site=ehost-live

Unstoppable? Economist 379:13-14 May 6, 2006.
Reflects on potential conflict between the U.N. and Iran over Iran's nuclear program.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20777239&site=ehost-live

Nuclear Issues

Internet Resources

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Proliferation News and Resources.
Available online at: http://www.carnegieendowment.org/npp/
Provides articles, links and analyses of Iran's nuclear proliferation.

Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies. Nuclear Threat Initiative: Country Overviews: Iran: Profile.
Available online at: http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Iran/index.html
Reports on Iran's chemical weapons and ballistic missiles, and its nuclear weapons program and biological warfare capabilities.

Davis, Jimmy D. Iran's Nuclear Strategy Options and U.S. Foreign Policy Implications. Carlisle Barracks, PA, U.S. Army War College, 2005. p.
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA431713
Examines Iran's nuclear program and assesses the merits and risks of various U.S. policy options in response.

Federation of American Scientists. Nuclear Weapons - Iran.
Available online at: http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/nuke/
Describes implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in Iran, Report of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 28 April 2006.

Global Security.org. Nuclear Weapons - Iran.
Available online at: http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/iran/nuke.htm
Gives a brief summary of Iran's nuclear program.

Iran Watch.
Available online at: http://www.iranwatch.org
Monitors Iran's ability to construct weapons of mass destruction.

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. Iranian Nuclear Sites, by Hussein D. Hassan. Washington, CRS, November 13, 2006.
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA460680

Nuclear Iran, compiled by Glenda Armstrong. Air University Library, February 2006.
Available online at: http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/ni.htm

Praeger Security International. Iran's Military Forces in Transition: Conventional Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction.
Available online at: http://psi.praeger.com/doc.aspx?newindex=1&q=iran+military&c=&imageField.x=7&imageField.y=10&d=/books/dps/2000a8e0/2000a8e0-p2000a8e09970093001.xml&i=2#txmlhit
Addresses Iran's reasons for pursuing weapons of mass destruction as well as plans, doctrine and war-fighting options.

Books

Archambault, P. M. Strategic Assessment 2004. Ottawa, Canada, Department of National Defence, Directorate of Strategic Analysis, Policy Planning Division, 2004. 1 vol.
Summarizes and analyzes developments that shape the global security environment. See section "Spotlight on Iran."
Also available online at: http://www.forces.gc.ca/admpol/content.asp?id={973A8407-5249-42BE-BBA9-69A13E49EE1C}
Book call no.: 973.931 S898

Chubin, Shahram. Iran's Nuclear Ambitions. Washington, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2006. 223 p.
Argues that it is not nuclear technology but Iran's behavior as a revolutionary state that is troublesome. Offers separate chapters on Iran's negotiating strategy, Iran and regional security, and international responses.
Book call no.: 355.02170955 C559i

Cordesman, Anthony H. and Al-Rodhan, Khalid R. Iran's Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Real and Potential Threat. Washington, CSIS Press, 2006. 366 p.
Book call no.: 358.30955 C794i

DeSutter, Paula A. Denial and Jeopardy: Deterring Iranian Use of NBC Weapons. Washington, National Defense University Press, 1997. 131 p.
Also available online at: http://www.ndu.edu/inss/books/books%20-%201990%20to%201995/Denial%20and%20Jeopardy%20-%2095/cont.html
Book call no.: 327.1745 D477d

Evans, Mike and Corsi, Jerome R. Showdown with Nuclear Iran: Radical Islam's Messianic Mission to Destroy Israel and Cripple the United States. Nashville, TN, Nelson Current, 2006. 253 p.
Book call no.: 327.17470955 E92s

Ganji, Babak. Civil-Military Relations, State Strategies & Presidential Elections in Iran. Camberley, UK, Conflict Studies Research Centre, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, 2005. 37 p.
Also available online at: http://www.defac.ac.uk/colleges/csrc/document-listings/middle-east/05%2826%29-BG.pdf
Book call no.: 955.0544 G197c

Ganji, Babak. Conservative Factionalism & Iranian Nuclear Strategy. Camberley, UK, Conflict Studies Research Centre, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, 2005. 24 p.
Also available online at: http://www.defac.ac.uk/colleges/csrc/document-listings/middle-east/05%2822%29-BJ.pdf
Book call no.: 355.02170955 G197c

Ganji, Babak. Iranian Nuclear Politics: Change of Tactics or Strategy? Camberley, UK, Conflict Studies Research Centre, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, November 2005. 18 p.
Stresses that the nuclear policy of the Ahmadinezhad government should be analyzed within the framework of the grand strategy of the Iranian state which is aimed at challenging the U.S. in the Persian Gulf and south Asia.
Book call no.: 355.02170955 G197i

Ganji, Babak. Iranian Nuclear Politics: The International Dimensions. Camberley, UK, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Conflict Studies Research Centre, 2005. 24 p.
Also available online at: http://www.defac.ac.uk/colleges/csrc/document-listings/middle-east/05%2864%29BG.pdf
Book call no.: 355.02170955 G197ia

Ganji, Babak. Iranian Strategy: Factionalism & Leadership Politics. Swindon, UK, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Conflict Studies Research Centre, March 2007. 28 p.
Book call no.: 320.955 G197i

Ganji, Babak. Main Currents in Iranian Strategy since 9/11. Camberley, UK, Conflict Studies Research Centre, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, March 2005. 28 p. (Middle East Series 05/13)
Discusses Iran's nuclear program throughout the report in relation to two foreign policy strategies - the pursuit of selective bandwagoning with the U.S. in Afghanistan and Iraq and the pursuit of asymmetric strategies aimed at driving the US out of the region. Selective bandwagoning advocates believe that by cooperating with the U.S. on a number of important regional issues they can stave off U.S. pressure on Iran's nuclear program and continue the uranium enrichment process.
Nuclear Programme & Asymmetric Strategy, pp 17-19.
Also available online at: http://www.defac.ac.uk/colleges/csrc/document-listings/middle-east/05%2813%29-BJ.pdf
Book call no.: 327.55 G197m

Getting Ready for a Nuclear-Ready Iran, edited by Henry Sokoloski and Patrick Clawson. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2005. 314 p.
Book call no.: 355.02170955 G394

Iran: Political Issues, Nuclear Capabilities, and Missile Range, edited by Milton M. Schwartz. New York, Nova Science Publishers, 2006. 107 p.
Book call no.: 355.02170955 I65

Jafarzadeh, Alireza. The Iran Threat: President Ahmadinejad and the Coming Nuclear Crisis. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. 284 p.
Includes "Iran's Grand Plan" and "March to the Bomb" (nuclear program).
Book call no.: 355.02170955 J23i

Middle East Strategic Balance, 2004-2005, edited by Zvi Shtauber and Yiftah S. Shapir. Portland, OR, Sussex Academic Press, 2006. 195 p.
Approaching Nuclear Iran: The Challenge for Arms Control, pp 58-70.
Book call no.: 355.033056 M6273

Russell, James A. Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East: Directions and Policy Options in the New Century. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 242 p.
Examines the interplay among political, economic, cultural and regional factors driving decisions whether to acquire WMD.
Book call no.: 327.1745 P964

Timmerman, Kenneth R. Countdown to Crisis: The Coming Nuclear Showdown with Iran. New York, Crown Forum, 2005. 392 p.
Book call no.: 355.02170955 t584c

Venter, Al J. Iran's Nuclear Option: Tehran's Quest for the Atom Bomb. Philadelphia, PA, Casemate, 2005. 451 p.
Book call no.: 355.02170955 V465i

Documents

Blackburn, David M. Nuclear Strategy with the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Carlisle Barracks, PA, U.S. Army War College, March 2006. 16 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 B628n

Scully, Kevin. The Iranian Nuclear Standoff: Those Who Can Help, Won't. Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006. 63 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525 S4371i

Periodicals

Bali, Ash U. The US and the Iranian Nuclear Impasse. Middle East Report 36:12-21 Winter 2006.

Boureston, Jack and Ferguson, Charles D. Assessing Iran's Plutonium Reprocessing Capabilities. Jane's Intelligence Review 16:40-43 March 2004.

Boureston, Jack and Ferguson, Charles D. Iranian Research Indicates Pursuit of Nuclear Enrichment Technology. Jane's Intelligence Review 18:44-45 May 2006.
Recent reviews of open-source material suggests that Iran could be pursuing laser isotope separation techniques, which could be adapted to produce weapons-grade uranium.

Bowen, Wyn Q. and Kidd, Joanna. The Iranian Nuclear Challenge. International Affairs 80:257-276 March 2004.

Devine, James and Schofield, Julian. Coercive Counter-Proliferation and Escalation: Assessing the Iran Military Option. Defense & Security Analysis 22:141-157 June 2006.

Ehsani, Kaveh. Iran: The Populist Threat to Democracy. Middle East Report 36:4-9 Winter 2006.

Ferguson, Charles D. The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism. Naval War College Review 58:145-148 Spring 2005.

Ferguson, Charles D. and Boureston, Jack. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Puts Iranian Laser-Enrichment Technology in the Spotlight. Jane's Intelligence Review 16:38-41 July 2004.

Fitzpatrick, Mark. Assessing Iran's Nuclear Programme. Survival 48:5-26 Autumn 2006.

Hughes, Robin. Briefing: Iran's Ballistic Missile Developments. Jane's Defence Weekly 43:22-27 September 13, 2006.

Milhollin, Gary and Lincy, Valerie. Iran's Nuclear Card. Commentary 117:33-37 February 2004.
Assesses the possibilities for the nuclear weapons program of Iran as of February 2004, violations of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, efforts of Iran to keep its violations of the treaty from being discovered.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12111208&site=ehost-live

Nuclear Iran. Atlantic Monthly 298:46 September 2006.
Presents the results of a poll conducted during an interview with a group of foreign policy authorities about Iran's nuclear quest.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21796163&site=ehost-live

Russell, Richard L. Iran in Iraq's Shadow: Dealing with Tehran's Nuclear Weapons Bid. Parameters 34:31-45 Autumn 2004.

Saikal, Amin. The Iran Nuclear Dispute. Australian Journal of International Affairs 60:193-199 June 2006.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20855500&site=ehost-live

Samii, Abbas William. The Iranian Nuclear Issue and Informal Networks. Naval War College Review 59:63-89 Winter 2006.

Starobin, Paul. Of Mullahs and MADness. National Journal 38:20-27 May 20, 2006.
Focuses on the nuclear program of Iran, the principle of deterrence and the efforts of the U.S. to stop Iran's nuclear program.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21112866&site=ehost-live

Takeyh, Ray. Iran Builds the Bomb. Survival 46:51-63 Winter 2004-2005.

Venter, Al J. Iran's Nuclear Option. Soldier of Fortune 30:52-54+ May 2005.

World Defence Almanac 2005-2006: Iran. Military Technology 30, no.1:252-255 2006.

This page was last updated on 06/15/2007 03:32 PM

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