Lesotho

AFRICA
Special Bibliography No. 159
Supplement No. 37

December 2004

Compiled by Joan T. Phillips
Bibliographer, Air University Library
Maxwell AFB, AL

Table of Contents

Liberia

Internet Resources

Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Information Network.
Available online at: http://www.loc.gov/law/guide/guideindex.html
"A Database of laws, regulations, and other complementary legal sources. The documents included in the database are contributed by the governments of the members from the original, official texts which are deposited, by agreement of the members."

Lawrie, Nicolette. The Importance of Refugee-Host Relations: Guinea 1990-2003 Lancet 362: August 16, 2003. 1 p.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10580843
Problems refugees bring to the host nation.

Liberia. Background Notes on Countries of the World. Washington, U. S. Dept. of State, June 2004.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/6618.htm

Liberia Life.
Available online at: http://www.liberianews.com/
News from Liberia.

Political Resources on the Net: Africa.
Available online at: http://www.politicalresources.net/africa.htm
"Listings of political sites available on the Internet sorted by country, with links to Parties, Organizations, Governments, Media and more from all around the world."

Wendo, Charles. Cholera Spreads in Liberia. Lancet 362: September 20, 2003. 1 p.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10872834

Books

Africa 2004. 39th ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 2004. 323 p. (World Today)
Gives general information about each country and a detailed history.
Book call no.: R 916 D724a 2004

Huffman, Alan. Mississippi in Africa. New York, Gotham Books, 2004. 328 p.
Book call no.: 976.2 H889m

Hyman, Lester S. United States Policy Towards Liberia 1822 to 2003: Unintended Consequences? Cherry Hill, NJ, Africana Homestead Legacy Publishers, 2003. 281 p.
Book call no.: 327.7306662

Jane's World Armies, Issue 15, edited by James C. O'Halloran and others. Alexandria, VA, Jane's Information Group, 2004. 999 p.
Provides the following information for each country: national overview, armed forces overview, command and control, army organization, equipment in service, current developments and recent operations, procurement detail, and points of contact.
Book call no.: R 355.3 J33 iss.15 2004

The Military Balance 2003-2004. London, Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2003. 368 p.
Provides information about the military organization of each country.
Book call no.: R 355 L847m 2003/2004

Pham, John-Peter. Liberia: Portrait of a Failed State. New York, Reed Press, 2004. 251 p.
Book call no.: 966.6203 P534l

Periodicals

Adebajo, Adekeye. In Search of Warlords: Hegemonic Peacekeeping in Liberia and Somalia. International Peacekeeping 10:62-81 Winter 2004.

Ahoy, WMDs! Foreign Policy No.142:14 May/June 2004.
"Reports on the agreement signed between the U.S. and Liberia that would allow U.S. forces to board and search Liberian-flagged ships suspected of carrying illicit weapons of mass destruction."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=13671148

Asante, Ben. 'This Is the Last Chance for Liberia'. New African No.425:38-39 January 2004.
Interviews Abdulsalami Abubakar, "who is now the chief mediator of the Liberian peace process."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11805512

Blondel, Alice. Fueling the Fire. New Internationalist No.367:22 May 2004.
"The flow of Liberian lumber has played a key role in fueling conflict."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13108926

Brinkley, C. Mark. Marine's Complacency Cited in Malaria Outbreak. Navy Times 53:18 November 3, 2003.
Marines fail to take medicine and use other precautions.

Bush, George W. Executive Order 13324 - Termination of Emergency with Respect to Sierra Leon and Liberia. Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 40:85 January 19, 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12397043

Bush, George W. Interview with the Armed Forces Radio and Television Service. Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 39:1077-1081 August 25, 2003.
"Interviews U.S. President George W. Bush on the deployment of the U.S. forces in Liberia and other U.S. military operations."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12373024

Bush, George W. Letter to Congressional Leaders on the Further Deployment of U.S. Military Forces in Liberia. Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 39:1056 August 18, 2003.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12365108

Bush, George W. Memorandum on Determination Consistent with the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense and for the Reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan, 2004 (Public Law 108-106), To Make Available Assistance for Liberia. Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 40:284 March 1, 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12505560

Coleman, Sarah. Nigeria: An Unwelcome Visitor. World Press Review 50:28 November 2003.
President Obasanjo offers political asylum to Charles Taylor.

Collins, Thomas W. Joint Efforts Prevent Humanitarian Disaster in Liberia. Army 54:24-26+ February 2004.
U.S. Army Southern European Task Force provides support to military forces of the Economic Community of West African States in Liberia.

Crawley, Vince. U.S. Steadfastly Limits Troop Involvement in War-Torn Liberia. Navy Times 52:27 August 18, 2003.

Dalton, Rex. Ship Row Flags up Funding of War in Africa. Nature 426:485 December 4, 2003.
"Human rights organizations have discovered in recent years that Liberia and neighboring countries have used money from shipping registration to fund conflicts noted for their use of child soldiers."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11581775

Distressed Liberia Pins Hopes on Faith Leaders. Christian Century 120:17 November 1, 2003.
Charles Bryant, Episcopalian leader, chosen interim government leader.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=11275957

Dukuly, Abdullah. Women Fighters Try to Reclaim a Normal Existence. African Agenda 7, no.1:33 2004.

Eisenberg, Daniel and Faris, Stephan. Who Will Stop the Killing? Time 162:32-35 August 4, 2003.
Wonders if American troops will assist in Liberia.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10376130

Ekeke, Martin. End Game in Liberia. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:40-41 August/September 2003.
"With the Americans debating whether to send troops to join ECOWAS' peace keeping troops in Liberia, the world hopes the humanitarian situation will improve with Charles Taylor's ouster.

Endgame in Liberia: A Despot's Last Deal. Economist 368:11 August 9, 2003.
America should ensure that Liberia's leader stands trial.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10517301

Exiled President Charles Taylor Settles in Nigeria as Liberia Begins Transition. Jet 104:46-47 September 1, 2003.

Goodbye to All That? Economist 368:39-40 August 16, 2003.
"Charles Taylor, Liberia's brutal president, has gone. Peace might, conceivably, return to his devastated homeland."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10608572

Herlinger, Chris. Fragile Condition. Christian Century 120:9 November 29, 2003.
"Brutalized Liberia rebuilds."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=11547536

Hoffman, Danny. The Civilian Target in Sierra Leone and Liberia: Political Power, Military Strategy, and Humanitarian Intervention. African Affairs 103:211-226 April 2004.

Huffman, Alan. Tumult and Transition in "Little America." Smithsonian 34:46-53 November 2003.
"Americans created Liberia as a homeland for freed slaves. But a quarter century of civil war over ethnic animosities has renewed questions about the U.S. role in the African nation."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11209109

Illegal Arms Found in Liberia. Arms Control Today 33:45 December 2003.
"UN weapons experts in Liberia have revealed the cache of armaments imported into the country during the final days of President Charles Taylor's rule."

In Brief. Jane's Defence Weekly 41:16 May 5, 2004.
Briefly discusses Nigeria expantion of Niger Delta operations; slow start for Liberian disarmament; and Burundi rebels agree to ceasefire.

Jason, Pini and Mbakwe, Tom. Taylor in, but Not Welcome. New African No.422:26-27 October 2003.
Charles Taylor's exile in Nigeria.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10945851

King, Martin L. Elusive Goal. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:18-19 March 2004.
"Disarming combatants in the Liberian civil war is still an objective far from the grasp of the UN peacekeeping force in the country."

King, Martin L. His Turn to Talk. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:13-14 May 2004.
"Charles Taylor breaks his silence and mounts a robust defence of his time in power in Liberia."

King, Martin L. It Never Rains, It Pours. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:12-14 July 2004.
"Exiled Liberian President Charles Taylor, not only loses his appeal at the war crimes' tribunal in Sierra Leone, a Nigerian high court accepts to review his asylum status."

King, Martin L. Keeping Hope Alive. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:18+ March 2004.
"International community comes to the aid of Liberia as donors pledge money to help the war-weary nation's rebuilding efforts."

King, Martin L. Lifeline for Journalist. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:14 May 2004.
"Distressed Liberian journalists get $54,000 grant from OSIWA to help rebuild their lives."

King, Martin L. Rocky Road to Disarmament. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:17-19 February 2004.
"UNMIL's campaign aimed at disarming Liberia's warring group suffers a setback because of inadequate preparations."

King, Martin L. Starting from Scratch. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:12-13 July 2004.
"Liberia is to have a new police force which will be fully in charge of law and order before elections in 2005."

King, Martin L. Taylor-Made Burden. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:14-16 October 2003.
Discusses Charles Taylor's asylum in Nigeria.

King, Martin L. Taylor-Made Nightmare. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:20-21 January 2004.
"The $20m bounty on former President Taylor's head continues to cause problems for host Nigeria, even as there is a resurgence of human rights abuses in war-weary Liberia."

Liberating Liberia from Itself. African Agenda 6, no.3:20 2003.
"14 years of war, several thousands killed, hundreds of thousands of internally displaced and refugees scattered all over the West African sub-region and the world at large, Liberia appears to be ready to liberate itself from the shackles of war."

Liberia. Military Technology 28:260-261 World Defense Almanac 2003-2004.
Details force structure.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13161334

Liberia: Help for Child Soldiers. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:11 March 2004.
"The 43-page study, 'How to Fight, How to Kill: Child Soldiers in Liberia,' documents how more than 15,000 child soldiers fought on all sides of the Liberian Civil War."

Liberia's Last Chance. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:12-22 December 2003.
Several articles about Liberia after Charles Taylor.

Liberia/Sierra Leone: Taylor's Shadow. Africa Confidential 44:4-5 November 7, 2003.
"There is a new government but no real peace and far too few peacekeepers."

Liberia: Silencing the Guns. Africa Confidential 45:1-3 February 6, 2003.
"After the fund-raising conference in New York the focus shifts to disarmament and political reconciliation."

Liberia Stabilization Efforts Help Anchor Region. Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy 32,no.6:20 2004.

Liberia: Winkling out Taylor. Africa Confidential 44:2-4 August 8, 2003.
"A post-war era may have begun to take shape in Accra as Taylor dug his heels in."

Liberian President Passes Control to Vice President, Accepts Exile to Nigeria. Jet 104:15-16 August 25, 2003.

Lok, Joris J. ISIS Is Deployed to Liberia on Board the LPD Rotterdam. Jane's International Defense Review 37:25 April 2004.
"Reports on the deployment of the command-and-control information system of the Royal Netherlands Army in Liberia to support the United Nations mission in the African Nation."

Marines Land in Liberia. Marines 87:6 September 2003.
Notes that "200 Marines from the 26th MEU are slated to go ashore in Liberia."

Masland, Tom and others. Crying out for America. Newsweek 142:38-39 August 4, 2003.
Wonders about U.S. intervention in Liberia.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10376101

Masland, Tom and Clayton, Jonathan. Liberia 'Thank You, George Bush'. Newsweek 142:8 August 25, 2003.
Briefly discusses the U.S. sending marines into Liberia.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10576593

Mbakwe, Tom. The Untold Story. New African No.421:20-21 August/September 2003.
"For several months, the frenetic reporting of the war and carnage in Liberia has pointedly refused to mention one of the most important causative factors of the current crisis - the role played by America (and to a lesser degree, Britain)."

Military Assessment Team Arrives. Beijing Review 46:9 August 7, 2003.
Notes that a West African assessment team arrives in Liberia.

Moghalu, Kingsley. Commentary: A Date with Justice. World Press Review 50:48-49 September 2003.
President Charles Taylor tried in Sierra Leone.

Moran, Mary H. and Pitcher, M. Anne. The 'Basket Case' and the 'Poster Child': Explaining the End of Civil Conflicts in Liberia and Mozambique. Third World Quarterly 25:501-519 June 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13133503

New Lease of Life. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:15 November 2003.
"A new leader takes over in Liberia."

Nyberg, Richard. Bringing Order from Chaos. Christianity Today 47:39-40 November 2003.
"Churches help with refugees, hunger, and the lasting trauma brought on by war."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=11149557

O'Neill, Brendan. How to Scare the U.S. Marines. Spectator 293:22-23 November 29, 2003.
"American troops in Liberia refused to take malaria pills, because they fear the side effects more than bullets."

Of Killers and Clowns. Economist 370:45-46 January 31, 2004.
"The U.N.'s biggest peacekeeping force is doing quite well."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=12120397

Pyle, Justin D. Into Liberia. Airman 47:42-47 October 2003.
"Iceland squadron airlifts Marines to Monrovia and evacuate U.S. citizens during civil unrest."

Ramsbotham, Alexander. Peacekeeping Mission Updates. International Peacekeeping 11:213-222 Spring 2004.

Ready for UN Peace Mission. Beijing Review 46:6 November 27, 2003.
Chinese troops prepare for peacekeeping mission in Liberia.

Roth, Daniel. Pat Robertson: He's No Goldfinger. Fortune 148:34 August 11, 2003.
Discusses Pat Robertson's connection to gold mining in Liberia.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10350832

SEALs, Marines Go Ashore in Liberia. Navy Times 52:5 August 25, 2003.
Notes that a quick-reaction force of 150 Marines has gone into Liberia.

Security Brief: Liberia: A Post-Taylor Peace? African Security Review 12:50-52 August 2003.
"No one has stepped forward yet with a satisfactory framework for governing the country."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=mth&an=12441104

Sharp Shooters. Soldiers 59:36-39 February 2004.
Photos show the U.S. Army Southern European Task Force helping Liberians.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=12432012

Siegel, Jonas. Salvaging Nonproliferation. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 60:38-39 May/June 2004.
"Agreement with Liberia that will allow U.S. sailors to board commercial ships registered with the West African (Liberian) nation and search for weapons of mass destruction-related materials."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=12916304

Sierra Leone/Liberia: No Peace Without Justice. Africa Confidential 45:4-5 July 9, 2004.
"Freetown's war crimes court slowly establishes a precedent."

Sierra Leone's Special Court: Africa's Most Wanted. Economist 369:40-41 December 6, 2003.
"Will Charles Taylor, Liberia's ex-President, stand trial?"
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=11616925

Taiwan. Far Eastern Economic Review 166:14 October 23, 2003.
Mentions that Liberia is establishing relations with China.

Thavis, John. Too Close for Comfort. America 190:6 February 9, 2004.
"Reports on the offer of the Dutch military forces in Liberia to support relief operations by the Catholic organization Cordaid."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=12157207

Timmerman, Kenneth R. Jessie, Liberia and Blood Diamonds. Insight on the News 19:22-24 August 5, 2003.
How "Jesse Jackson used his influence to help Liberian strongman Charles Taylor retain power during the diamond wars."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10458112

Tonpo, Jarlawah A. Where the Heavy Weapons? New African No.430:23 July 2001.
"Also the disarmament programme is going well, the UN peacekeepers in Liberia are concerned that the heavy weapons used by the rebels to assault government positions last August are yet to be turned in."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13792326

Toweh, Alphonso. No Fears, Says Bryant. New African No.429:43 May 2004.
Gyude Bryant, Liberia's transitional leader, discusses the situation in Liberia.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13107781

Trudeau, Alexadre. 'We Are Suffering'. Maclean's 116:28-30 September 15, 2003.
The author's experiences in Liberia.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10778135

Trudeau, Alexadre. 'The Worst Place on Earth'. Maclean's 116:46-51 September 8, 2003.
Examines the conditions in Liberia.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10728326

Trudeau, Alexadre. Young and Very Deadly. Maclean's 116:28-30 September 22, 2003.
"Liberia's army of teenage soldiers is growing restless,...and could soon wreck havoc once again on a nation still reeling from war."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10836657

U.S. Sending 4,500 Troops Toward Liberia. Jet 104:8 August 11, 2003.

Under the Radar: Sticks. American Legion Magazine 156:46 March 2004.
Under a new agreement, "the Navy is authorized to board Liberian-flagged vessels suspected of hauling weapons of mass destruction."

UNIMIL Deploys to Rebel Towns. Jane's Defence Weekly 41:19 January 14, 2004.
UN mission to Liberia has deployed troops within Liberia.

Walsh, Declan. Liberia's Child Soldiers Bid Farewell to Arms. World Press Review 51:34-35 April 2004.
Liberia tries to persuade "tens of thousands of former child soldiers to demobilize and rejoin society."

Weissman, Fabrice. Humanitarian Action and Military Intervention: Temptations and Possibilities. Disasters 28:205-215 June 2004.
Debates the question "does international military intervention equal protection of populations" using Liberia as an example.

Wife of Liberia's Rebel Leader Says She's Boss. Jet 105:14 February 9, 2004.
Asha Keita-Conneh, wife of Liberian rebel leader Sekou Conneh, announces that she has overthrown her husband.

Woods, James L. and Spencer, Jack. Q: Does the Crisis in Liberia Warrant Putting More Than a Few Troops in Harm's Way? Insight on the News 19:46-49 September 2, 2003.
Opposing views on putting U.S. troops into Liberia by James L. Woods and Jack Spencer.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10748576

Zakaria, Fareed. Take the Lead in Liberia. Newsweek 142:35 August 18, 2003.
Opinion that the U.S. should send troops into Liberia.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10522870

Videos

Liberia, America's Stepchild. Boston, PBS Home Video, 2002. 90 min.
Video call no.: 966.62 L695

Madagascar

Internet Resources

Madagascar. Background Notes on Countries of the World. Washington, U. S. Dept. of State, November 2003.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5460.htm

Africa 2004. 39th ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 2004. 323 p. (World Today)
Gives general information about each country and a detailed history.
Book call no.: R 916 D724a 2004

Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment: Southern Africa, Issue 15. Alexandria, VA, Jane's Information Group, 2004. 661 p.
For each country provides information such as: country profile, geography, natural resources, demography, infrastructure, internal affairs, external affairs, defense spending, armed forces, army, air forces, navy, security and foreign forces, procurement, defense production and R & D, and main economic indicators.
Book call no.: R 968 J33 iss.15 2004

Vollmann, William T. Rising up and Rising down. San Francisco, CA, McSweeney's Books, 2003. 7 vols.
In volume 5 - The Jealous Ones (Madagascar), pp 521-549.
Book call no.: 172.42 V926r

Periodicals

Adam, Christopher and others. Performance-Based Conditionality: A European Perspective. World Development 32:1059-1070 June 2004.
"Reviews early experience (aid) with the EU initiative in four countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Madagascar and Uganda."

Akpata-Ohohe, Bunmi. Madagascar: Looking for Good Samaritans. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:7 April 2004.
"Authorities in Madagascar have called for international aid to help deal with the damage caused by the tropical cyclone Gafilo which swept through the northern part of the island last month."

Brown, Margaret L. Reclaiming Lost Ancestors and Acknowledging Slave Descent: Insights from Madagascar. Comparative Studies in Society and History 46:616-645 July 2004.

Madagascar. Military Technology 28:261-262 World Defense Almanac 2003-2004.
Details force structure.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13161334

Madagascar. World Press Review 51:29 February 2004.
"Didier Ratsiraka, the former president, was sentenced in absentia to five years in prison by a court in Madagascar."

Robinson, John G. An Island of Evolutionary Exuberance. Science 304:53 April 2, 2004.
Discusses biodiversity in Madagascar.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12867793

Vandyk, Anthony. On Course for Recovery. Air Transport World 40:72 September 2003.
"With a government seemingly committed to restoring it to financial health, Air Madagascar may have put its crisis behind."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=mth&an=10793476

Malawi

Internet Resources

Government of the Republic of Malawi.
Available online at: http://www.malawi.gov.mw/
Includes a section about each ministry.

Malawi. Background Notes on Countries of the World. Washington, U. S. Dept. of State, July 2004.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/7231.htm

Africa 2004. 39th ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 2004. 323 p. (World Today)
Gives general information about each country and a detailed history.
Book call no.: R 916 D724a 2004

Election Observation and Democratization in Africa, edited by Jon Abbink and Gerti Hesseling. New York, St. Martin's Press, 2000. 324 p.
Secret Worlds, Democratization and Election Observation in Malawi by R. Van Kijk, pp 180-210.
Book call no.: 324.967 E38

Jane's World Air Forces, Issue 20, edited by Paul Jackson. Alexandria, VA, Jane's Information Group, 2004. 643 p.
Provides order of battle and inventory for each country's air force.
Book call no.: R 623.746 J33 iss.20 2004Jane's World Armies, Issue 15, edited by James C. O'Halloran and others. Alexandria, VA, Jane's Information Group, 2004. 999 p.
Provides the following information for each country: national overview, armed forces overview, command and control, army organization, equipment in service, current developments and recent operations, procurement detail, and points of contact.
Book call no.: R 355.3 J33 iss.15 2004

Multi-Party Elections in Africa, edited by Michael Cowen and Liisa Laakso. New York, Palgrave, 2002. 387 p.
Winning Elections, Losing Legitimacy: Multi-Partyism & the Neopatrimonial State in Malawi by Harri Englund, pp 172-186.
Book call no.: 324.967 M961

Periodicals

Akpata-Ohohe, Bunmi. Malawi: AIDS Is a Campaign Issue. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:6 April 2004.

Gama, Hobbs. Politics at the Pulpit. New African No.423:22 November 2003.
"Critics have attacked the involvement in partisan politics by Roman Catholic priest, but the church is fighting back."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11344399

Kishindo, Paul. Customary Land Tenure and the New Land Policy in Malawi. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 22:213-225 May 2004.

Malawi. Military Technology 28:262 World Defense Almanac 2003-2004.
Details force structure.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13161334

Malawi: After Bakili, Bingu. Africa Confidential 45:8 May 28, 2004.
Malawians have elected a new president, Bingu wa Mutharika.

Malawi: Bingu the Favourite. Africa Confidential 45:4-5 April 30, 2004.
"Opposition splits, not political merit, will help the UDF win the presidency - again."

Malawi: Did They Vote for This? Africa Confidential 45:4-6 June 11, 2004.
"The new President's main opponent could not beat him - so he joined him."

Malawi: Newish Start. Africa Confidential 45:8 June 25, 2004.
New government in Malawi.

Malawi: Spot the Difference. Africa Confidential 45:4-5 January 23, 2003.
"President Muluzi's legacy looks sadly like the late Dr. Hastings Banda's."

Murphy, Colin. Malawi. New Internationalist No.362:36 November 2003.
General information about Malawi.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11447970

Phiri, Frank. Allegations of Media Bias Plague Election Campaign. African Agenda 7, no.1:35 2004.

Ross, Kenneth. 'Worrisome Trends': The Voice of the Churches in Malawi's Third Term Debate. African Affairs 103:91-107 January 2004.

Seckinelgin, Hakan. Between Aspirations and Assimilations: The World's Poor Meet the Cosmopolitans. Alternatives 24:69-88 January/February 2004.
Discusses ways to help the world's poor using those in Malawi as an example.

Troubled Election. Beijing Review 47:9 June 3, 2004.
Notes looting in Malawi after contested elections.

Mali

Internet Resources

Mali. Background Notes on Countries of the World. Washington, U. S. Dept. of State, May 2004.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2828.htm

Rival Muslim Groups in Deadly Clash. New York Amsterdam News 94: September 4, 2003. 1 p.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10831639
Conflict between Sunni and Shiite Muslims in Bamako, Mali over the construction of a mosque.

Books

Africa 2004. 39th ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 2004. 323 p. (World Today)
Gives general information about each country and a detailed history.
Book call no.: R 916 D724a 2004

Election Observation and Democratization in Africa, edited by Jon Abbink and Gerti Hesseling. New York, St. Martin's Press, 2000. 324 p.
Elections in Mali (1992-7): Civil Society Confronted with the Rules of Democracy by M. F. Lange, pp 228-254.
Book call no.: 324.967 E38

Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment: North Africa, Issue 14. Alexandria, VA, Jane's Information Group, 2004. 683 p.
For each country provides information such as: country profile, geography, natural resources, demography, infrastructure, internal affairs, external affairs, defense spending, armed forces, army, air forces, navy, security and foreign forces, procurement, defense production and R & D, and main economic indicators.
Book call no.: R 961 J33 iss.14 2004

Periodicals

Algeria/USA: Desert Shadows. Africa Confidential 45:8 February 20, 2003.
Wonders about U.S. involvement in an ambush that killed nearly a dozen men somewhere between southern Algeria and northern Mali.

Darimani, Abdulai. Another Mine, Another Unfilled Promise. African Agenda 6, no.3:42 2003.
"The Sadiola and Farabacouta communities in the Sadiola District of the Kayes Region of Mali are enduring the hardship of failed promises by Semos."

King, Martin L. Contrasting Fortunes. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:42 December 2003.
"It is a bumper harvest time in Burkina Faso, but locusts are threatening Mali's crops this year."

Mali. Military Technology 28:262-263 World Defense Almanac 2003-2004.
Details force structure.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13161334

Strikes Close Nigerian and Malian Colleges. Chronicle of Higher Education 50:A47 October 31, 2003.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=11274678

Mauritania

Internet Resources

Arab Net.
Available online at: http://www.arab.net/
General information about the countries of Algeria, Comoros, Djibouti, Mauritania, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, and Tunisia.

Mauritania. Background Notes on Countries of the World. Washington, U. S. Dept. of State, June 2004.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5467.htm

Africa 2004. 39th ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 2004. 323 p. (World Today)
Gives general information about each country and a detailed history.
Book call no.: R 916 D724a 2004

Periodicals

King, Martin L. Post Election Trauma. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:22-23 January 2004.
"President Ould Taya seeks to consolidate his contested victory in Mauritania's presidential poll last November."

Mauritania. Military Technology 28:263-264 World Defense Almanac 2003-2004.
Details force structure.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13161334

Mauritania: A Lopsided Oil Deal. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:8 July 2004.
Oil off the coast of Mauritania.

Mauritania: Warriors and Marabouts. Africa Confidential 44:5 October 10, 2003.

Mbakwe, Tom. Keenly Awaits Its Elections. New African No.422:56-57 October 2003.
"Mauritania is expected to hold presidential elections on 7 November, and the people can't wait to show where their loyalties lies, especially after the abortive coup on 8 June."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10946154

Vesely, Milan. New Routes to New Markets. Middle East No.342:52-53 February 2004.
Anticipates inter-regional trade brought by the completion of a multi-billion dollar highway.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12261730

Mauritius

Internet Resources

Mauritius. Background Notes on Countries of the World. Washington, U. S. Dept. of State, December 2003.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2833.htm

Republic of Mauritius.
Available online at: http://ncb.intnet.mu/govt/index.htm
Official Republic of Mauritius web site.

Books

Africa 2004. 39th ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 2004. 323 p. (World Today)
Gives general information about each country and a detailed history.
Book call no.: R 916 D724a 2004

Periodicals

Akpata-Ohohe, Bunmi. Mauritius: Unusual Power Sharing Arrangement. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:6-7 December 2003.

Boyle, Tara. Online Oasis. Foreign Policy No.142:93 May/June 2004.
Mauritius's attempt to become an IT hub.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=13671288

Matthews, Neelam. Push to Save Dhruv. Aviation Week & Space Technology 160:41 January 12, 2004.
"Industry officials say contracts are pending for the sale of two Dhruvs to Mauritius."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=12007329

Mauritius Changes Government: Offshore and Upbeat. Economist 368:46 September 27, 2003.
"Picture postcard still the truth about the place, more or less."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10953709

Mauritius: Laying Claims to Chagos Islands. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:6-7 June 2004.
"The government of the tiny island of Mauritius has accelerated plans for its claim of sovereignty over the British territory of the Chagos Islands in the Indian Ocean."

Miles, William F. S. Destination: Paradise. Wilson Quarterly 28:12-20 Summer 2004.
Describes the island of Agalega, Mauritius.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13876376

Morocco

Internet Resources

Arab Net.
Available online at: http://www.arab.net/
General information about the countries of Algeria, Comoros, Djibouti, Mauritania, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, and Tunisia.

Morocco. Background Notes on Countries of the World. Washington, U. S. Dept. of State, September 2004.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5431.htm

Morocco Daily.
Available online at: http://www.moroccodaily.com/
News about Morocco in English.

USA-Morocco Deal May Extend Drug Patents to 30 Years. Lancet 362: December 6, 2003. 1 p.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11611343
Moroccan-U.S. trade agreement may make Moroccan's access to reasonable drugs more difficult.

Books

Africa 2004. 39th ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 2004. 323 p. (World Today)
Gives general information about each country and a detailed history.
Book call no.: R 916 D724a 2004

Cordesman, Anthony H. The Military Balance in the Middle East. Westport, CT, Praeger, 2004. 560 p.
Published in cooperation with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington D.C. For each country provides information on the military balance, resources and force trends, and national military forces.
Book call no.: 355.033056 C794m

Economic Transition in the Middle East: Global Challenges and Adjustment Strategies, edited by Heba Handoussa. Cairo, Egypt, American University in Cairo Press, 1997. 275 p.
Economic Adjustment and Political Liberalization in Morocco by Driss Ben Ali, pp 183-217.
Book call no.: 330.956 E19

The Middle East and North Africa 2004, 50th ed. New York, Europa Publications, 2004. 1378 p.
For each country provides information on the topics: physical and social geography, recent history, economy, statistical survey, directory, and bibliography.
Book call no.: R915.6 M627 50th ed. 2004

Watson, William E. Tricolor and Crescent: France and the Islamic World. Westport, CT, Praeger, 2003. 295 p.
See table of contents for sections on Morocco and Algeria.
Book call no.: 325.3440961 W343t

Periodicals

Adams, Richard H., Jr. and Page, John. Poverty, Inequality and Growth in Selected Middle East and North African Countries, 1980-2000. World Development 31:2027-2048 December 2003.

Akpata-Ohohe, Bunmi. Morocco: Victory for Women. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:7 December 2003.

Akpata-Ohohe, Bunmi. Western Sahara: Another Stab at an Intractable Problem. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:9 October 2003.

Babcock, James. Full Steam Ahead. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:28-29 March 2004.
"Refusing to bow to terrorism, Moroccan government clamps down on Islamists, plows ahead with its modernisation programme and introduces new rights for women."

Bush, George W. Memorandum on Designation of the Kingdom of Morocco As a Major Non-NATO Ally. Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 40:1010 June 7, 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13513649

Bush, George W. Message to the Congress Transmitting a Notice of Intention to Enter into a Free Trade Agreement with Morocco. Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 40:366-367 March 15, 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13027674

Congo-K/Morocco: Ties That Bind. Africa Confidential 44:8 August 29, 2003.
"Having given sanctuary to late President Muobutu Sese Seko, Morocco is maintaining close ties with Joseph Kabila, some of whose intelligence and close protection agents are being trained by Moroccan security."

The Gangs of Sidi Moumen. Economist 368:37-38 August 23, 2003.
"Sentencing the men behind the martyrs."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10649188

Human Rights in Morocco: An Arab First. Economist 370:40 January 24, 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=12056335

Ing, David. Moroccan Islamist Group Linked to Madrid Bombs. Jane's Intelligence Review 16:4-5 April 2004.

Ing, David. Morocco, Spain Build Anti-Trafficking Ties. Jane's Intelligence Review 16:7-8 April 2004.
Morocco and Spain cooperate to counter illegal immigration.

Is Change Just around the Corner? Middle East No.346:22-25 June 2004.
"The Moroccan government has made determined efforts to forge ahead with social and economic reform."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13277140

Lust-Okar, Ellen. Divided They Rule: The Management and Manipulation of Political Opposition. Comparative Politics 36:159-179 January 2004.
Explores the experiences in Morocco and Jordan during economic crisis.

Mbakwe, Tom. Promoting Morocco. New African No.421:58-59 August/September 2003.
"Mohammed Belmahi, Morocco's ambassador to London, speaks... on his country's special relationship with Britain."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11482358

Morocco. Military Technology 28:235-236 World Defense Almanac 2003-2004.
Details force structure.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13161316

Morocco: Basri's Heris. Africa Confidential 44:3-4 August 29, 2003.
"A new generation of security chiefs responds to the Islamist challenge."

Morocco King Seeks Women's Rights. Christian Century 120:17 November 1, 2003.
"Women in Morocco will gain more legal rights in matters of marriage and divorce under reforms proposed recently by King Muhammad VI."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=11275952

Morocco's Earthquake: Political Reverberations? Economist 370:44+ February 28, 2004.
"An earthquake's aftermath."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=12399150

Morocco's Islamist: Fighting Not to Win. Economist 368:42 September 13, 2003.
"A year ago, Morocco's Islamist party did well. This year it doesn't want to."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10831474

Morocco/Western Sahara: Saharan Box of Tricks. Africa Confidential 44:4-5 September 12, 2003.
"As Saharan independence threatens, Rabat digs up its box of tricks."

On a Dream & a Prayer. Middle East No.341:18-19 January 2004.
Morocco deals with immigration problems.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11812912

Quake Rocks Morocco. Beijing Review 47:9 March 4, 2004.
Photograph shows destruction in northern Morocco.

Rosenhack, Dan. Chemical Weapons: Who Used Them and Where. New Statesman, 17, 132: August 25, 2003.
Chart indicates uses of chemical weapons in various countries.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10689285

Ross, John F. Monkey in the Middle. Smithsonian 34:64-68 March 2004.
Discusses the reasons for deforestation in Morocco.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12336404

Sabir, Abderrahim. New Liberties for Moroccan Women. Humanist 64:35-36 July 2004.
Reforms in the status of women in Morocco.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13608430

Seung-Whan Choin and James, Patric. Civil-Military Relations in a Neo-Kantian World, 1886-1992. Armed Forces & Society 30:227-254 Winter 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=mth&an=13281669

Spencer, Claire. North Africa: Battles for Democracy. World Today 59:8-11 October 2003.
"The painfully slow advance of democracy in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria may be more closely linked to the spread of terrorism than at first appears."

U.S. and Morocco Conclude FTA. Middle East No.344:39 April 2004.
"The U.S. and Morocco have reached agreement on a comprehensive and groundbreaking Free Trade Agreement."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12738175

Western Sahara: A Line in the Sand. Africa Confidential 44:8 August 8, 2003.
The Polisario Front has accepted UN special envoy James Baker's plan for a solution to the Western Sahara dispute.

Western Sahara: Iraq First. Africa Confidential 45:8 June 25, 2004.
Alvaro de Soto replaces James Baker as the UN Special Representative for Western Sahara.

Mozambique

Internet Resources

Mozambique. Background Notes on Countries of the World. Washington, U. S. Dept. of State, September 2004.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/7035.htm

Mozambique News.
Available online at: http://www.mozambiquenews.com/
Daily news reports.

Mozambique News Agency.
Available online at: http://www.poptel.org.uk/mozambique-news/
News reports in English.

Mozambique News Agency.
Available online at: http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf/vCD/Mozambique?OpenDocument&StartKey=Mozambique&ExpandView
Documents relief efforts in Mozambique.

Africa 2004. 39th ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 2004. 323 p. (World Today)
Gives general information about each country and a detailed history.
Book call no.: R 916 D724a 2004

Harrison, Graham. Issues in the Contemporary Politics of Sub-Saharan Africa: The Dynamics of Struggle and Resistance. New York, Palgrave McMillan, 2002. 190 p.
Political Struggle As History: Mozambique, pp 124-135.
Book call no.: 320.967 H319i

Leveraging for Success in United Nations Peace Operations, edited by Jean Krasno and others. Westport, CT, Praeger, 2003. 264 p.
Probing the Successful Application of Leverage in Support of Mozambique's Quest for Peace by Dirk Salomons, pp 81-115.
Book call no.: 341.584 L659

Sustainable Development in Mozambique, edited by Bernardo Ferraz and Barry Munslow. Trenton, NJ, Africa World Press, 2000. 242 p.
Book call no.: 338.9679 S964

Periodicals

Brown, Mark M. Luisa Dioga: Advocate for Africa. Time 163:60 April 26, 2004.
Profiles Luisa Dioga, Prime Minister of Mozambique.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12846167

Gall, Melanie. Where to Go? Strategic Modeling of Access to Emergency Shelters in Mozambique. Disasters 28:82-97 March 2004.
"Examines the accessibility of emergency shelters for vulnerable populations, and outlines the benefits of an extended and permanently establish sheltered network in central Mozambique."

Hanlon, Joseph. It Is Possible to Just Give Money to the Poor. Development & Change 35:375-383 April 2004.
Uses experiences in Mozambique to show that handing out money to the poor does work.

Moore, Spencer and others. International NGOs and the Role of Network Centrality in Humanitarian Aid Operations: A Case Study of Coordination during the 2000 Mozambique Floods. Disasters 27:305-318 December 2003.

Mosse, Marcello. Armando Guebuza: The New Frelimo Candidate. African Security Review 13, no.1:79-82 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=mth&an=14860899

Mozambique. Military Technology 28:264 World Defense Almanac 2003-2004.
Details force structure.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13161334

Mozambique: Tension at the Top. Africa Confidential 44:8 December 19, 2003.
Tension between the Secretary General of Frelimo and President Chissano's associates is high.

Mozambique: Urban Guerrillas. Africa Confidential 44:8 December 5, 2003.
Recent elections have shown that the political situation in Mozambique is not secure.

Serapiao, Luis B. The Catholic Church and Conflict Resolution in Mozambique's Post-Colonial Conflict, 1977-1992. Journal of Church and State 46:365-387 Spring 2004.

Slattery, Brian. Development Without Equality: An Interview with Raul Domingos. Journal of International Affairs 57:129+ Fall 2003.
Economic development in Mozambique.

Yedder, Omar Ben and Otabil, Bernard. Chissano My Struggle. New African No.421:16-17 August/September 2003.
Interviews President Joaquim Chissano.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11480580

Namibia

Internet Resources

Nambia News.
Available online at: http://www.namibianews.com/

Namibia. Background Notes on Countries of the World. Washington, U. S. Dept. of State, March 2004.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5472.htm

Republic of Namibia.
Available online at: http://www.grnnet.gov.na/intro.htm
Includes information about the government, business, foreign relations, and general information about Namibia.

Books

Africa 2004. 39th ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 2004. 323 p. (World Today)
Gives general information about each country and a detailed history.
Book call no.: R 916 D724a 2004

Leveraging for Success in United Nations Peace Operations, edited by Jean Krasno and others. Westport, CT, Praeger, 2003. 264 p.
Leveraging Namibian Independence by Jean Krasno, pp 25-54.
Book call no.: 341.584 L659

Multi-Party Elections in Africa, edited by Michael Cowen and Liisa Laakso. New York, Palgrave, 2002. 387 p.
Swapo Wins, Apathy Rules: The Namibian 1998 Local Authority Collections by IIKna Soiri, pp 187-216.
Book call no.: 324.967 M961

Re-Examining Liberation in Niberia: Political Culture since Independence, edited by Henning Melber. Uppsala, Sweden, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2003. 149 p.
Book call no.: 968.81041 R332

Periodicals

Akpata-Ohohe, Bunmi. Namibia: Route to Another Term in Office. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:7 December 2003.
Speculates that President Sam Nujoma is planning to run for a fourth term of office.

Algeria: Split Parties, Stout Leaders. Africa Confidential 44:6 October 24, 2003.
"President Bouteflika looks vulnerable ahead of the election as politicians fall out."

Bunmi, Akpata-Ohohe. Namibia: Apology Not Good Enough. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:6 February 2004.
Germany's apology for the slaughter of Hereros in 1904.

Copley, Jon. Toxic Brew Engulfs Namibia's Fisheries. New Scientist 181:16 February 7, 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12330808

Erichsen Casper W. Namibia's Island of Death. New African No.421:46-49 August/September 2003.
"Shark Island, off Namibia's coastal town of Luderitz, was the venue of brutal concentration camp during German colonial rule."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11482232

For Whom the Builders Toil. Economist 369:46 November 15, 2003.
"Will Namibia's president, Sam Nujoma, retire on time? Maybe yes, maybe no."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=11424318

Kaumbi, Uazuva. The Land Is Ours! New African No.426:28-30 February 2004.
Argues for land redistribution.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12269368

Kaumbi, Uazuva. Land Reform: Namibia Moves into the Fast Lane. New African No.428:28-30 April 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12738090

Knutsen, Hege M. Black Entrepreneurs, Local Embeddedness and Regional Economic Development in Northern Namibia. Journal of Modern African Studies 41:555-586 December 2003.

Nalisa, Rosemary. Clear Selection Criteria Needed for Farm Expropriations. African Agenda 7, no.1:36 2004.

Namibia. African Agenda 6, no.4:5 2003.
"A study to determine the viability of setting up plant in Namibia to produce anti-retroviral (ARV) drugs is expected to be completed soon."

Namibia. Military Technology 28:264-265 World Defense Almanac 2003-2004.
Details force structure.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13161334

Namibia: New Year Party. Africa Confidential 44:8 December 19, 2003.
"The plan of the governing South West African Peoples Organisation to divided its opponent ahead of next year's elections is working."

Namibia: No Melting Pot. Africa Confidential 44:5-6 November 21, 2003.
"Marginalised minorities campaign for a German-style federal system of government."

Namibia: Nujoma Steps Aside. Africa Confidential 45:8 April 16, 2004.
Discusses the successor to President Sam Nujoma.

Namibia: Pohamba Steps up. Africa Confidential 45:8 February 6, 2003.
"The battle to succeed President Sam Nujoma is heating up after Hifikepunye Pohamba announced he would stand for president of the governing South West African People's Organisation."

Namibia: Presidential Stakes. Africa Confidential 44:6-7 October 24, 2003.
"In the race to succeed Sam Nujoma, Foreign Affairs Minister Hamutenya is far out in front."

Namibia: Sam's Man. Africa Confidential 45:6 June 11, 2004.
"SWAPO's new flagbearer offers Nujomaism without Nujoma at the helm."

Shikongo, Hafeni. Is Pohamba Nujoma No. 2? New African No.430:20-21 July 2001.
"Hifikepunye Pohamba, SWAPO's vice-president and the minister of lands, has been elected as the party's presidential candidate for the upcoming elections in November."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13792318

Special Report on Namibia. New African No.423:I-XVIV November 2003.
Discusses Sam Nujoma will not seek a fourth term.

Niger

Internet Resources

Internet Foundation: Niger.
Available online at: http://www.africasfuture.org/Africa/Niger/
Information about Niger including U.S. Relations.

Niger. Background Notes on Countries of the World. Washington, U. S. Dept. of State, March 2004.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5474.htm

Africa 2004. 39th ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 2004. 323 p. (World Today)
Gives general information about each country and a detailed history.
Book call no.: R 916 D724a 2004

Periodicals

Dickerson, John F. and Calabresi, Massimo. A Peace Offering to the CIA. Time 162:19 August 4, 2003.
Discusses doubts raised prior to the Iraqi war about Iraq's attempting to acquire uranium from Africa.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10376059

Kerr, Paul. Chronology of Bush Claim That Iraq Attempted to Attain Uranium from Niger. Arms Control Today 33:17-21 September 2003.

King, Martin L. Big Headache for Big Brother. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:13 October 2003.
"Nigeria gets tough on cross-border crimes, initiating security packs with neighbours-Benin, Niger and Chad."

McCarthy, Nancy and Vanderlinden, Jean-Paul. Resource Management under Climatic Risk: A Case Study from Niger. Journal of Development Studies 40:120-142 June 2004.
Studies the effect of rainfall on livestock.

Media Crackdown. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:13 November 2003.
"Journalists face tough times in Niger Republic as government arrests, imprisons 'errant' practitioners and closes down their publications and broadcast stations."

Niger. Military Technology 28:265 World Defense Almanac 2003-2004.
Details force structure.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13161334

Niger: Time to Go. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:11 March 2004.
The minister of tourism, Rhissa Ag Boula, has been relieved of duty from the cabinet because he has been implicated in the death of an official of the ruling party.

Nigeria

Internet Resources

Nigeria. Background Notes on Countries of the World. Washington, U. S. Dept. of State, April 2004.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2836.htm

Nigeria Web.
Available online at: http://odili.net/nigeria.html
News from around Nigeria.

Nigerian State Promises to End Polio Vaccine Boycott. Lancet 363: June 5, 2004. 1 p.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13298909

Nigerian States Again Boycott Polio-Vaccination Drive. Lancet 363: February 28, 2004. 1 p.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12395314

Official Web Site of Nigeria.
Available online at: http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/
Information about Nigeria including the government.

Abegunrin, Olayiwola. Nigerian Foreign Policy under Military Rule, 1966-1999. Westport, CT, Praeger, 2003. 217 p.
Book call no.: 327.669 A138n

Africa 2004. 39th ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 2004. 323 p. (World Today)
Gives general information about each country and a detailed history.
Book call no.: R 916 D724a 2004

The African State: Reconsiderations, edited by Abdi Ismail Samatar and Ahmed I. Samatar. Portsmouth, NH, Heinemann, 2002. 286 p.
Coping with Diversity: The Nigerian State in Historical Perspective by Abdul Raufu Mustapha, pp 149-175.
Book call no.: 320.3 A258

Harrison, Graham. Issues in the Contemporary Politics of Sub-Saharan Africa: The Dynamics of Struggle and Resistance. New York, Palgrave McMillan, 2002. 190 p.
Political Struggle As History: Nigeria, pp 135-145.
Book call no.: 320.967 H319i

Intervention and Transnationalism in Africa: Global-Local Networks of Power, edited by Thomas M. Callaghy and others. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2001. 322 p.
Global, State, and Local Intersections: Power, Authority, and Conflict in the Niger Delta Oil Communities by Cyril I. Obi, pp 173-193.
Book call no.: 320.6 I61

Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment: Central Africa, Issue 14. Alexandria, VA, Jane's Information Group, 2004. 755 p.
For each country provides information such as: country profile, geography, natural resources, demography, infrastructure, internal affairs, external affairs, defense spending, armed forces, army, air forces, navy, security and foreign forces, procurement, defense production and R & D, and main economic indicators.
Book call no.: R 967 J33 iss.14 2004

Multi-Party Elections in Africa, edited by Michael Cowen and Liisa Laakso. New York, Palgrave, 2002. 387 p.
The Transition to Nowhere: Electorall Politics in Nigeria during the Abacha Years, 1993-8 by Adebayo O. Olukosi, pp 217-250.
Book call no.: 324.967 M961

Nwagwu, 'Emeka. Taming the Tiger: Civil-Military Relations Reform and the Search for Political Stability in Nigeria. Lanham, Maryland, University Press of America, 2002. 292 p.
Book call no.: 322.509669 N992t

Periodicals

Abubakar, Abdulsalami A. Nigeria and the Commonwealth: A Record of Mutual Services. Round Table 93:43-49 January 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12849664

Ademiluyi, Sanya. Cautious Optimism. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:27-28 June 2004.
"Despite pockets of trouble, Nigeria's oil and gas industry continues to make reasonable progress."

Ademiluyi, Sanya. Halliburton's Crooked Deals. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:36 March 2004.
"Giant oil service company once headed by U.S. Vice President Cheney is in trouble in Nigeria over kickbacks scams."

Ademiluyi, Sanya. Playing a Dangerous Game. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:12-13 February 2004.
"President Olusegun Obasanjo averts disaster for his government, but his unpopular decisions are bound to ensure a roller coaster ride for some time to come."

Ademiluyi Sanya. What Nigeria NEEDS. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:10-11 May 2004.
"A new road map is launched to steer Nigeria away from its economic problems."

Adeyemi, Segun. Nigeria Increases Fight Against AIDS. Jane's Defence Weekly 41:17 June 2, 2004.
Mandatory testing for many military personnel.

Akintunde, Muyiwa. Benue, Nigeria's Food Basket Embraces Investors. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:24-25+ January 2004.
Discusses investment opportunities in the Benue state.

Akintunde, Muyiwa. Centre of Excellence Is Also an Investor's Haven. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:14-17 January 2004.
Discusses the state of Lagos.

Akintunde, Muyiwa. Coming Full Circle. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:23-25+ December 2003.
"Once a pariah state, shunned by much of the world, democracy had helped return Nigeria to good graces. Now it is hosting Commonwealth leaders in Abuja"

Akintunde, Muyiwa. How to Stabilise Nigeria's Democracy. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:13-15 February 2004.

Akintunde, Muyiwa. A Job Well Done. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:11-12 January 2004.
"Despite the debacle over Zimbabwe and the subsequent withdrawal of that country from the Commonwealth, Abuja CHOGM is a successful outing for Nigeria."

Appeals Court Acquits Nigerian Mother Sentenced to Death by Stoning. Jet 104:46-47 October 13, 2003.

Asante, Ben. 007 Will Run for President in 2007. New African No.430:36-39 July 2001.
Interviews General Ibrahim Badamois Babangida about his political plans.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13792375

Asante, Ben. Bauchi State: The Home of Peace and Progress. New African No.426:46-49 February 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12269686

Asante, Ben. My Hopes for Liberia. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:17-19 February 2004.
Interviews Victor Malu, Nigeria's former chief of the Army staff.

Awofeso, Niyi and others. The Almajiri Heritage and the Threat of Non-State Terrorism in Northern Nigeria - Lessons from Central Asia and Pakistan. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 26:311-325 July-August 2003.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10314325

Awofeso, Pelu. Forever Relevant. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:40 April 2004.
"Even in death, the sterling qualities of Chief Awolowo continue to be extolled in Nigeria's now visionless and self-absorbed political landscape."

Butler, Declan. Nigerian States Disrupt Campaign to Eradicate Polio. Nature 428:109 March 11, 2004.
Muslim clerics influence the citizens of Kano and Zambara states to rejet immunizations for polio.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12479042

Chalk, Peter. Countering Nigerian Organised Crime. Jane's Intelligence Review 15:32-34 September 2003.
"As Nigerian organised crime increasingly threatens African stability, Washington is pushing a regional security co-operation programme to help counter transnational crime."

Coleman, Sarah. Nigeria: An Unwelcome Visitor. World Press Review 50:28 November 2003.
President Obasanjo offers political asylum to Charles Taylor.

Coleman, Sarah. Nigeria: Stoning Suspended. World Press Review 50:28 December 2003.
"On Sept. 25, Amina Lawal became the second woman in Nigeria to survive a sentence of death by stoning."

Commonwealth Leaders. Jet 105:35 January 5, 2004.
Commonwealth leaders meet in Abuja, Nigeria.

Duodu, Cameron and Mbakwe, Tom. We Won't Be Intimidated. New African No.424:20-21 December 2003.
"Nigeria is set on a collision course with the U.S. over the former Liberian president, Charles Taylor's asylum in Nigeria. Meanwhile, Nigeria is safe enough to host the Commonwealth Heads of Commonwealth Meeting in Abuja from 5-8 December."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11541290

Economic Reform in Nigeria: Shock Therapy. Economist 369:46 October 18, 2003.
"The sudden deregulation of fuel prices could herald economic reform at last."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=11122136

Exiled President Charles Taylor Settles in Nigeria as Liberia Begins Transition. Jet 104:46-47 September 1, 2003.

Falling out, but Not yet Apart. Economist 371:43 May 22, 2004.
"Timid moves to curb fighting between Christians and Muslems."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=13193424

Fisher-Thompson, Jim. Next President from the North? New African No.428:52 April 2004.
President Obasanjo "has convinced his ruling People's Democratic Party to field a northern candidate for the next presidential elections in 2007."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12738131

Governance in Nigeria: Local Politics, National Habits. Economist 370:44 February 14, 2004.
"The tribulations of a state governor."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=12281434

Harnischfeger, Johannes. Sharia and Control over Territory: Conflicts Between 'Settlers' and 'Indigenes' in Nigeria. African Affairs 103:431-452 July 2004.

In Brief. Jane's Defence Weekly 41:20 February 4, 2004.
Brief articles include: U.S. Army sets up forward base in Ethiopia, Peacekeeping centre opens in Ghana, Djibouti, France stage joint exercise, and U.S., donates to Nigerian AIDS struggle.

In Brief. Jane's Defence Weekly 41:16 May 5, 2004.
Briefly discusses Nigeria expantion of Niger Delta operations; slow start for Liberian disarmament; and Burundi rebels agree to ceasefire.

Islamic Law in Nigeria: Shilly-Shallying with the Sharia. Economist 368:46 September 27, 2003.
"The new penal code based on the Koran has not had much impact on daily lives."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10953708

Jason, Pini. 16 Soldiers for Coup Trial. New African No.430:24 July 2001.
"Nigerians like to believe that they have seen the last of military coups. But a recent coup plot to overthrow Obasanjo's government has changed all that."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13792331

Jason, Pini. Why Oh Why? New African No.430:37 June 2004.
Trouble in the Plateau State.

Jason, Pini. 'You Are No Longer the Governor. You Have Reassigned!' New African No.422:54-55 October 2003.
A coup in Anambra State.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10946152

Jere, Janet. First Black Pope in 1,500 Years? New African No.423:23 November 2003.
"Could the Nigerian Cardinal, Francis Arinze, succeed Pope John Paul II and become the first African pope in 1,500 years?
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=11344400

Jere, Janet. Oil Sector Review, As Economy Grows. New African No.428:54 April 2004.
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Kigotho, Wachira. 2 Nigerian Universities Impose Dress Codes. Chronicle of Higher Education 50:A40 January 23, 2004.
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Kigotho, Wachira. The Nigerian Government Has Backed Down from a Plan to Increase the Cost of Housing at Public Universities by More Than 10,000 Percent. Chronicle of Higher Education 50:A38 March 19, 2004.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=12611444

King, Martin L. Army of Refugees. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:15 February 2004.
"Death and destruction that have accompanied communal clashes in Nigeria has been compounded by the displacement of hundreds of thousands of people."

King, Martin L. Charles Taylor Is Safe in Nigeria. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:16-18 July 2004.

King, Martin L. How Not to Be a Big Brother. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:15 July 2004.
"With its own population in dire need of economic rejuvenation, Nigeria is redefining its foreign policy thrust, moving away from its traditional 'Father Christmas' role on the African continent."

King, Martin L. "Remove All Bureaucratic Bottlenecks". Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:39-40 May 2004.
Interviews Emmanuel Ekunno, vice president of Neimeth, a Nigerian drugs manufacturing company.

King, Martin L. Taylor-Made Burden. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:14-16 October 2003.
Discusses Charles Taylor's asylum in Nigeria.

King, Martin L. Triumphant Departure of Okadigbo. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:36-37 January 2004.
"Government and political leaders in Nigeria give the late Senate president Chuba Okadigbo a befitting send off."

Kraxberger, Brennan. The Geography of Regime Survival: Abacha's Nigeria. African Affairs 103:413-430 July 2004.

Liberian President Passes Control to Vice President, Accepts Exile to Nigeria. Jet 104:15-16 August 25, 2003.

Lloyd, Robert B. Nigeria's Democratic Generals. Current History 103:215-220 May 2004.
Reports on Nigeria's transition to democracy.

Miles, William F. S. Shari'a as De-Africanization: Evidence from Hausaland. Africa Today 50:51-75 Spring/Summer 2003.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=10797965

Muslims and Polio Vaccine: Paralyzed by Fear. Economist 370:42 January 10, 2004.
"Religious scaremongering cripples."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=11908964

Nigeria. Military Technology 28:266 World Defense Almanac 2003-2004.
Details force structure.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13161334

Nigeria: At a Crossroads. Africa Confidential 45:5 June 25, 2004.
"An awkward defendant helps to uncover a secret commission's system."

Nigeria: Delta Damages. Africa Confidential 45:3-4 July 23, 2004.
Discusses the aftermath of the attacks on oil wells and pipe lines in Nigeria.

Nigeria: Delta Force. Africa Confidential 44:8 September 12, 2003.
Nigeria's military steps in to protect the oilfields.

Nigeria Expels the Economist: A Reporter's Tale. Economist 370:46 February 28, 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=12399151

Nigeria/International: Gas Leak. Africa Confidential 45:1-4 June 25, 2004.
"International investigations into corruption allegations could prove politically explosive."

Nigeria: Missing Airline. Africa Confidential 44:8 December 5, 2003.
Investigation shows that Nigeria Airways was destroyed by asset stripping and fraud.

Nigeria: Mob Rule. Africa Confidential 44:4-5 August 29, 2003.
"Mafia-style politics in the south-east raise more doubts about President Obasanjo's election victory."

Nigeria: More Petro-Nairas. Africa Confidential 45:6-7 January 23, 2003.
"The unions lose another battle to Obasanjo's campaign to open up the oil business."

Nigeria: No Turning Back. Africa Confidential 45:7 May 28, 2004.
The state of emergency in Plateau escalates the President's confrontation with state governors.

Nigeria: Polio Politics. Africa Confidential 44:8 November 7, 2003.
"There is growing frustration that a boycott on an immunization campaign in northern Nigeria may be leading to a resurgence of poliomyelitis in the region."

Nigeria: Reforms, Risks and Rumblings. Africa Confidential 44:1 December 19, 2003.
"New opponents are lurking in the shadows as President Obasanjo tries to change course."

Nigeria: Roll out the Barrel. Africa Confidential 44:4-5 October 24, 2003.
"Raising domestic oil prices is essential but seems impossible."

Nigeria's Space Programme: Per Abuja ad Astra. Economist 368:43 September 13, 2003.
"A boon for a boondoggle?"
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=f5h&an=10831475

Nigeria: Saharan Desserts. Africa Confidential 44:8 September 26, 2003.
Discusses corruption in the oil sector.

Nigeria: Shell-Shocked. Africa Confidential 45:5-6 June 25, 2004.
"Shell is both a victim and a prime cause of the social calamity in the Niger Delta."

Nigeria: So, Farewell Then. Africa Confidential 44:8 October 10, 2003.
Crisis in the oil industry.

Nigerian Bishops Plead for Peace and Dialogue. America 190:6 June 7, 2004.
Tensions mount in several states.
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'No More Polio Cases by 2005'. New Scientist 182:6 April 3, 2004.
Nigerians will use polio vaccine manufactured in another Muslem country.
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Nolte, Insa. Identity and Violence: The Politics of Youth in Ijebu-Remo, Nigeria. Journal of Modern African Studies 42:61-89 March 2004.

Nyberg, Richard. Pastors Killed, Churches Burned. Christianity Today 48:17 June 2004.
Attacks on Christian churches in central Nigeria.
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Oguine's Ike. How Much Fraud Is Too Much Fraud? New Internationalist No.359:5 August 2003.
Considers the national elections in Nigeria in 2003.
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Ogunbiyi, Yemi. Nigeria's Return to International Respectability. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:24-25+ December 2003.

Oil & Gas - Special Report. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:28-33+ October 2003.
Discusses oil and gas industries in Nigeria.

Olori, Toye. A 1961 Poll Haunts the Bakassi Hand over. African Agenda 6, no.4:33-34 2003.
"Efforts to implement a ruling on the border dispute between Nigeria and Cameroon have hit a snag, with the filing of a lawsuit by Cameroonian exiles who reject the decision."

Olukoju, Ayodeji. 'Never Expect Power Always': Electricity Consumers' Response to Monopoly, Corruption and Inefficient Services in Nigeria. African Affairs 103:51-71 January 2004.

People-Trafficking from Nigeria: Nigeria's Other Export. Economist 370:45 April 24, 2004.
"The trade that cannot be curbed because so few Nigerians think it wrong."
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Polio: A Virus Revives. Economist 371:52 June 26, 2004.
"Nigeria is exporting polio."
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Roberts, Leslie. Polio: The Final Assault? Science 303:1960-1963+ March 26, 2004.
Fighting polio in Nigeria.
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Schofield, Clive. Bakassi Dispute Could Derail West African Peace Process. Jane's Intelligence Review 16:44-49 March 2004.
"Investigates the implications of the dispute over the sovereignty of the Bakassi peninsula for the peace process between Cameroon and Nigeria."

Tertsakian, Carina. Double Standards on Human Rights? New Statesman 132:21 December 8, 2003.
"Discusses the human rights violations by the government of Nigeria."
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Two Bans, Many Views. New African No.429:27 May 2004.
Live relay of foreign news has been banned in Nigeria.
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Umunna, Isaac. Presidential Temper Tantrum. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:12-14 June 2004.
"Nigeria's descent into an orgy of violence is complicated by allegations of partiality against President Obasanjo who unleashes a torrent of abuse on his accusers."

Umunna, Isaac. A Vote for Democracy. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:8-12 May 2004.
"The last one year has seen a more purposeful Obasanjo administration lay a solid foundation for democracy, although Nigeria still can't see the dividends."

Venter, Al J. Oil and Insurgency in Nigeria. Terrorism & Security Monitor, pp 10-11 September 2003.

War Against Child Traffickers. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:16 November 2003.
"Cooperation between Benin and Nigeria over cross-border crimes in full swing as big brother Nigeria repatriates kidnapped children."

Whiteman, Kaye. Lessons from Abuja. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:9-10 January 2004.
Discusses the meeting of the Commonwealth Heads of Government in Abuja.

Williams, Bideh. Niger Delta Development Commission - Special Supplement. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:30-32 March 2004.
Discusses achievements of the Niger Delta Development Commission.

Williams, Bideh. The Paper Tiger. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:40-41 December 2003.
"Nepad-Nigeria is yet to make any meaningful impact on black Africa's largest economy."

Williams, Bideh. Path to Economic Growth. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:40 March 2004.
"Analysts see fiscal responsibility and discipline as necessary ingredients for a successful implementation of Nigeria's 2004 budget."

Williams, Bideh. The Preferred Destination. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:31-32 July 2004.
"For good reasons, key players in Africa and world telecommunications' business can't resist the lure of the Nigerian market."

Williams, Bideh. Roadmap to Peace. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 9:9-10 November 2003.
"The governor of Delta state James Ibori is... pursuing his Road Map to Peace in Warri."

Williams, Bideh. Shades Progress. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:35-36 February 2004.
"Petroleum, communications and manufacturing sectors of the Nigerian economy have seen varying degrees of inward investment. The situation will be better if government can put its house in order."

Williams, Bideh. Special Report: Nasarawa State Supplement. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:25-30 April 2004.
Several articles about this north-central Nigerian state.

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