Africa regional information -- Central Africa, Eastern Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Western Africa

AFRICA
Special Bibliography No. 159
Supplement No. 38

August 2006

Compiled by Bibliography Branch
Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center
Maxwell AFB, AL

Central Africa

Books

Africa South of the Sahara 2005. 34th ed. New York, Europa Publications, 2005. 1465 p.
Provides detailed information about each country.
Book call no.: R 916.7 A258 34th ed. 2005

Global Studies: Africa, by Wayne Edge. 11th ed. Dubuque, IA, McGraw-Hill/Dushkin, 2006. 303 p.
Provides an essay for each geographic area and statistical information and a country report for included countries.
Book call no.: 960.05 G652 11th ed 2006

Jane's Sentinel: Security Assessment Central Africa. Issue 17. Alexandria, VA, Information Group, 2005. 828 p.
Book call no.: R 967 J33 iss17 2005

Scherrer, Christian P. Genocide and Crisis in Central Africa: Conflict Roots, Mass Violence, and Regional War. Westport, CT, Praeger, 2002. 410 p.
Book call no.: 304.663 S326g

Veen, Roel Van Der. What Went Wrong with Africa? A Contemporary History. Amsterdam, Netherlands, KIT Publishers, 2004. 298 p.
See table of contents for sections on Central Africa.
Book call no.: 960.3 V418w

Documents

Central African Security: Conflict in the Congo: Proceedings, September 18-19, 2001, edited by Kent Hughes Butts and Arthur L. Bradshaw, Jr. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Center for Strategic Leadership, Army War College, 2002. 69 p.
"The National Intelligence Council, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Center for Strategic Leadership of the United States Army War College conducted a two-day workshop on African security issues focusing on the Democratic Republic of the Congo."
Doc. call no.: M-U 42764-426

Periodicals

Africa. UN Chronicle 41:72-73 September-November 2004.
"Comments on the effort of United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan to bring peace, stability and development to the countries of Central Africa."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15220317

Around the Air Force. Air Force Times 65:7 August 2, 2004.
"Information on the Air Force Reserve medical team mission in Central Africa."

Central Africa: Electoral Expectations. Africa Confidential 47:4-5 January 6, 2006.
"A successful conclusion to Congo-Kinshasa's transition will reshape the region."

Central Africa: Too Many Troops. Africa Confidential 46:4-5 January 7, 2005.
Discusses problems in central Africa.

Clarke, Michael. Growing Arc of Crisis. World Today 60:4-6 November 2004.
"Concern over the potential complete political meltdown from Central Asia to Central Africa."
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=731118851&sid=6&Fmt=4&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Congo Basin Agreement. Environment 47:5 April 2005.
"Reports that leaders of seven African nations have signed a treaty to protect the rain forest in the Congo basin."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16558425

Deputy Minister in the Great Lakes Region. South African Soldier 12:5 June 2005.
Interviews Deputy Minister of Defence, Mluleki George about his trip to the Great Lakes Region.

Ebola May Travel on the Wing. Science News 168:416 December 24, 2005.
Evidence from Central African forests that fruit bats can carry the Ebola virus.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19266524

Great Lakes: Massacre Questions. Africa Confidential 45:3-5 September 10, 2004.
"Diplomats are trying to reopen peace negotiations after the Gatumba killings."

Lawson, Lettia and Rothchild, Donald. Sovereignty Reconsidered. Current History 104:228-235 May 2005.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=835691901&sid=2&Fmt=3&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Marriage, Zoe. Defining Morality: Dfid and the Great Lakes. Third World Quarterly 27:477-490 April 2006.
"Examines the work of the UK government's Department for International Development in the Great Lakes region of central Africa."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=20338549

A Massacre Is Investigated. Economist 372:44 September 11, 2004.
"The light shed on an atrocity in Burundi could affect the whole region."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14396067

Mwalulu, Jackson. Africa's Interminable Conflict. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:24-25 October 2004.
"The Gatumba Refugee Camp massacre refocuses attention on the insecurity and instability in the Great Lakes Region."

Mwalulu, Jackson. Mixed Blessings. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:28-29 January 2005.
"As the conflict prone Great Lakes Region moves to solve some of its problems, others thought to have been resolved seem to be simmering again."

Nduru, Moyiga. Fresh Fears in Congo. New Internationalist No.371:8 September 2004.
"Substantial build-up of troops along the border of the Democratic Republic of Congo with Rwanda has sparked fears of renewed conflict in central Africa."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14367445

Okello, Tom. Great Lakes Region: Back on the Brink of War? New African No.436:31 January 2005.
"Following reports of Rwandan military incursions into Congolese territory, there is the fear that the whole region might slip back into full-blown conflict."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15632204

Peterson, Dave. A Beacon for Central Africa. Journal of Democracy 17:126-131 January 2006.
Discusses the significance of Burundi's democratic elections on Central Africa.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=982180001&sid=10&Fmt=3&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Price, Stuart. Saving Central Africa's Rainforests. New African No.438:38 March 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16265277

Putting People First in Development. UN Chronicle 42:18-21 March-May 2005.
Discusses cross-border smuggling of children in West and Central Africa.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17249414

Reeve, Richard. Islamic Militants Establish Lake Chad Networks. Jane's Intelligence Review 16:7 November 2004.
"Reports on the establishment of a strong network by Islamic militants in the Lake Chad basin as demonstrated by coordinated attacks against provincial police posts."

Rupiya, Martin. Assessing the Stability Pact for the Great Lakes Region. African Security Review 13, no.4:127-132 2004.

The Tutsis: The "Jews" of Africa. Economist 372:37-39 August 21, 2004.
"Central Africa could be stumbling towards another disastrous war. To understand why, it helps to examine the Tutsis' relations with their neighbors."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14198313

Wakabi, Wairagala. Another Step Forward. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:30-31 June 2005.
"UN Secretary General Kofi Annan's Great Lakes peace initiative is finally maturing as a pact for security, stability and development is in the works."

Wakabi, Wairagala. Conflict Free Zone. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:33-34 October 2005.
"Eleven countries in East and Central Africa work towards bringing permanent peace to the Great Lakes region."

Wakabi, Wairagala. Turning the Corner. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:23 July 2005.
"Efforts to combat arms trafficking in the Great Lakes Region move into top gear as Rwanda destroys 6,000 small arms and light weapons."

Why It Matters. Economist 375:46 June 11, 2005.
Burundi's elections matter because "if the country were to slide back into civil strife, much of east and central Africa, could be destabilised."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17320284

Zambodia, Vuyo. Our Deputy Minister's First Visit to SANDF Operations...in the Great Lakes Region. South African Soldier 12:10-12 May 2005.

Eastern Africa

Internet Resources

Combined Force Exhibits New Type of Warfare. FDCH Regulatory Intelligence Database August 19, 2005.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&an=32W3595806035
"The Combined Joint Task Force Horn of Africa, headquartered here (Djibouti), is fighting the global war on terror with good deeds, not weapons."

U. S. Servicemembers "Waging Peace" on Horn of Africa. FDCH Regulatory Intelligence Database January 3, 2006.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&an=32W4138526377

Books

Africa at the Crossroads: Between Regionalism and Globalization, edited by John Mukum Mbaku and Suresh Chandra Saxena. Westport, CT, Praeger, 2004. 466 p.
The New East African Community: A Defense and Security Organ as the Missing Link by P. Godfrey Okoth, pp 147-162.
Book call no.: 337.6 A258

Democratic Transitions in East Africa, edited by Paul J. Kaiser and F. Wafula Okumu. Burlington, VT, Ashgate Publishing, 2004. 229 p.
Book call no.: 320.9676 D383

Dickson, David. Political Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Need for a New Research and Diplomatic Agenda. Washington, United States Institute of Peace, 2005. 11 p. (Special Report, no.140)
"Report provides a brief background on Islam in sub-Saharan Africa and its policy lessons for East Africa, the Horn, Nigeria, and Senegal."
Also available online at: http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr140.html
Book call no.: 320.557096 D554p

Islamism and Its Enemies in the Horn of Africa, edited by Alex De Wall. Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press, 2004. 279 p.
Book call no.: 297.272096 I82

Problems of Protection: The UNHCR, Refugees, and Human Rights, edited by Niklaus Steiner. New York, Routledge, 2003. 350 p.
Securing Refuge from Terror: Refugee Protection in East Africa after September 11, by Monica Kathina Juma and Peter Mwangi Kagwanja, pp 225-236.
Book call no.: 362.87 P962

Siler, Michael J. Strategic Security Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography. Westport, CT, Praeger, 2004. 727 p. (African Special Bibliographic Series, no.21)
Book call no.: 016.355 S582s

Veen, Roel Van Der. What Went Wrong with Africa? A Contemporary History. Amsterdam, Netherlands, KIT Publishers, 2004. 298 p.
The Strategic Importance of the Horn of Africa, pp 45-49.
Book call no.: 960.3 V418w

Periodicals

Burgess, Thomas. Introduction to Youth and Citizenship in East Africa. Africa Today 51, no.3:vi-xxiv Spring 2005.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=829816521&sid=2&Fmt=3&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Burgess, Thomas. The Young Pioneers and Rituals of Citizenship in Revolutionary Zanzibar. Africa Today 51, no.3:2-29 Spring 2005.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=829816421&sid=2&Fmt=4&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Copley, Gregory R. An Australian Perspective on the Strategic Outlook in the Middle East. Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy 32,no.9:14-17 2004.
Discussion includes East Africa.

Crawley, Vince. Troops 'Waging Peace' in Horn of Africa. Army Times 66:33 October 10, 2005.
Interviews "Major General Timothy Ghormley of the U.S. Marine Corps regarding the Combined Joint Task Force Horn of Africa."

East Africa: Diplomatic Hubbub. Africa Confidential 46:7 January 7, 2005.
Kenya will hold two sets of peace talks, the Common East African Market will be launched, elections held in Tanzania, peace talks continue in Sudan, relations between Ethiopia and Eritrea remain a problem, and Somalia tries to set up a government.

East Africa in Transition: Images, Institutions and Identities. Journal of Third World Studies 22:268-269 September 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19221369

East Africa: Voters' Voices. Africa Confidential 47:10-12 January 6, 2006.
"The electorates have spoken but the incumbent regimes don't want to listen."

East African Standby Brigade. African Armed Forces Journal, p 7: October 2005.
"Report of the meeting of Eastern Africa Chiefs of Defence Staff held on 30 August 2005 at Entebbe."

Haynes, Jeffrey. Islamic Militancy in East Africa. Third World Quarterly 26:1321-1339 December 2005.
"Examines the relative political significance of domestic and transnational Islamic militancy in three East African countries."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19063220

Ivaska, Andrew M. Of Students, "'Nizers," and a Struggle over Youth: Tanzania's 1966 National Service Crisis. Africa Today 51, no.3:82-107 Spring 2005.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=829816541&sid=2&Fmt=3&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Kucera, Joshua and Koch, Andrew. USN to Control Horn of Africa Mission. Jane's Defence Weekly 42:24 September 28, 2005.

Moyer, Eileen. Street-Corner Justice in the Name of Jah: Imperatives for Peace among Dar es Salaam Street Youth. Africa Today 51, no.3:30-58 Spring 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16509651

Ojwang, Dan O. 'The Bad Baniani Sports Good Shoes': 'Asian' Stereotypes and the Problem of Modernity in East Africa. Africa Insight 35:4-14 June 2005.

Parsons, Timothy H. No More English Than the Postal System: The Kenya Boy Scout Movement and the Transfer of Power. Africa Today 51, no.3:60-80 Spring 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16509664

Price, Stuart. East Africa: United We Stand. New African No.436:33 January 2005.
"The Federation of East Africa moved a step closer to fruition when the presidents of Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania agreed at the end of November to fast-track the implementation process."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15632206

Roberts, Chuck. Defeating Terrorism by Winning Hearts & Minds. Airman 49:3-7 February 2005.
Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=795849181&sid=7&Fmt=4&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Samatar, Abdi I. Ethiopian Federalism: Autonomy Versus Control in the Somali Region. Third World Quarterly 25:1131-1154 September 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14622458

Scutro, Andrew. Navy to Take on Terrorism on the Horn of Africa: Marine Handover in Africa 'Will Be Transparent.' Navy Times 55:13 October 3, 2005.

Wakabi, Wairagala. A New Beginning. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:40-41 February 2005.
"After years in the making, the East African Customs Union finely kicks off."

Northern Africa

Internet Resources

Lugar, Richard. NATO. FDCH Congressional Testimony.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&an=32Y2391203862
Senator Lugar discusses U. S. participation in a "humanitarian mission to facilitate the release of the last 404 Moroccan prisoners of war held by the Polisario."

Books

Burkhart, Grey E. and Older, Susan. The Information Revolution in the Middle East and North Africa. Santa Monica, CA, Rand, 2003. 74 p.
Prepared for the National Intelligence Council.
Book call no.: 303.48330956 B948i

Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa, edited by Philip Mattar. Detroit, MI, Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. 4 vols.
Book call no.: 956.003 E562 2004

Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. Islamic Societies in Practice. 2nd ed. Gainesville, FL, University Press of Florida, 2004. 256 p.
Book call no.: 297.0962 F646i

The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times, edited by Reeva Spector Simon and others. New York, Columbia University Press, 2003. 549 p.
Includes 1CD-ROM.
Book call no.: 956.004924 J591

Lambert, Frank. The Barbary Wars: American Independence in the Atlantic World. New York, Hill and Wang, 2005. 228 p.
Book call no.: 973.47 L222 b

Laskier, Michael M. Israel and the Maghreb: From Statehood to Oslo. Gainesville, FL, University Press of Florida, 2004. 351 p.
Book call no.: 327.5694061 L345i

London, Joshua E. Victory at Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and Built a Nation. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley Publishing, 2005. 276 p.
Book call no.: 973.47 L847v

Noyon, Jennifer. Islam, Politics and Pluralism: Theory and Practice in Turkey, Jordan, Tunisia and Algeria. Washington, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Middle East Programme, 2003. 134 p.
Book call no.: 322.1 N959i

Parker, Richard Bordeaux. Uncle Sam in Barbary: A Diplomatic History. Gainesville, FL, University Press of Florida, 2004. 285 p. (ADST-DACOR Diplomats and Diplomacy Series)
Book call no.: 973.47 P242u

Terrill, W. Andrew. The Middle East, North Africa, and Turkey. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Strategic Studies Institute, Army War College, March 2003. 14 p. (Strategic Effects of the Conflict with Iraq Special Series)
Also available online at: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/00008.pdf
Book call no.: 327.73056 T326m

Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa, edited by A. H. Merrills. Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2004. 347 p.
Book call no.: 939.703 V224

Zacks, Richard. The Pirate Coast: Thomas Jefferson, the First Marines, and the Secret Mission of 1805. New York, Hyperion, 2005. 432 p.
Book call no.: 973.47 Z16p

Documents

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. The Middle East and North Africa: Political Secession and Regime Stability, by Amy E. Thayer and Alfred B. Prados. Washington, August 2003. 33 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 42953-1 no.03-RL32063

Periodicals

Aaron, Christopher. Interview. Jane's Intelligence Review 16:50 December 2004.
Interviews "Hamish McCulloch, assistant director of the International Promo Police Organization's (Interpol) Trafficking in Human Beings Sub-directorate, about people-smuggling and trafficking" from North Africa the European Union.

Airline Outlook. Aviation Week & Space Technology 164:21 February 20, 2006.
New Saudi Arabian airline to fly low-cost flights to North Africa.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19898374

Akpata-Ohohe, Bunmi. Africa: The Long War Strategy. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 12:7 March 2006.
"The United States is developing an all-out fights strategy against the so-called Islamic extremism from North Africa to South-East Asia, in what is known as 'The Long War', using elite forces, hi-tech weaponry and intrusive intelligence gathering."

Akpata-Ohohe, Bunmi. North Africa: HIV/AIDS Gaining Speed. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:8 March 2005.

Barcelona Dreams. Economist 377:68 November 26, 2005.
Discusses the relationship between North Africa and the European Union.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=18976918

Billions of Bugs. Economist 372:43 August 14, 2004.
"Describes a plague of Locust in the Sahel region of North Africa, its worst locust invasion in 15 years."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14141950

Bodansky, Yossef. Zarqawi's Jihad into North Africa. Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy 33, no.6:4-5 2005.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=867828901&sid=2&Fmt=3&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Bush, Ray. Poverty and Neo-Liberal Bias in the Middle East and North Africa. Development & Change 35:673-695 September 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14621558

Chenelly, Joseph R. Broader Anti-Terrorism Mission Sought in North Africa. Army Times 64:9 June 21, 2004.

Conflicting Developments. Middle East No.361:39 November 2005.
"Inspite of record oil prices, result revenues have not translated into income growth in Arab economies."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=18802732

Copley, Gregory R. An Australian Perspective on the Strategic Outlook in the Middle East. Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy 32, no. 9:14-17 2004.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=794642561&sid=1&Fmt=4&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Crawley, Vince. Bush Re-Election May Signal Smaller European Command: U. S. Seeks Closer Ties with North Africa, Ex-Soviet Republics. Air Force Times 65:33 November 22, 2004.

Edwards, Brian T. The Maghreb in Black and White. Foreign Policy No.146:90-91 January-February 2005.
Focuses on "possible racial attitudes of Maghrebis toward Sub-Saharan migrants to the region."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15424815

Entelis, John P. The Democratic Imperative vs. the Authoritarian Impulse: The Maghrib State Between Transition and Terrorism. Middle East Journal 59:537-558 Autumn 2005.
"Despite public promises to the contrary, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia continue to be ruled autocratically even as their civil societies aspire to greater public space."
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=928504101&sid=4&Fmt=3&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Feller, Gordon. Middle East Pensions Need Urgent Reforms. Middle East No.363:50-51 January 2006.
"Pension systems in the Middle East and North Africa are under going financial stress and urgently need reform according to a new World Bank report."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19407879

Ford, Neil. Africa Making a Global Impact with Gas. New African No.446:48-51 December 2005.
Anticipates the European Union becoming increasingly dependent on gas from North Africa.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19162853

Ford, Neil. Maghreb States Embrace New Technology. Middle East No.358:36-37 July 2005.
"Reports that improved telecommunication infrastructure both within North Africa and between the region in Europe is allowing Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia to develop increasingly important information and communications technology sectors."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17567339

Ford, Neil. North Africa Challenges Russia. Middle East No.362:54-55 December 2005.
"Presents information on the increasing network of gas pipelines developed by North African gas producers across the Mediterranean in the European Union."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19058893

Ford, Neil. A Region Built on Oil. Middle East No.350:34-36 November 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14933822

Frontlines. Navy Times 53:4-5 August 9, 2004.
"U. S. Navy to increase its flights in North Africa."

Gearon, Eamonn. The World Bank Worries about MENA. Middle East No.357:36-39 June 2005.
"Reports on a recent World Bank report on the Middle East and North Africa."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17247250

Ing, David. Spanish Police Sent to African Enclave. Jane's Intelligence Review 16:11 September 2004.
"Deployment of Spain's paramilitary Guardia Civil to its North Africa enclave of Melilla to stop potential illegal immigrants from breaking in."

Jabr, Samah. Colonialism's Residual Legacy: The French Example. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs 25:48-49 March 2006.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19548931

Kelly, Laura M. and Eberstadt, Nicholas. The Muslim Face of AIDS. Foreign Policy No.149:42-48 July-August 2005.
"Looks at the effects of HIV/AIDS in the Muslim world" including North Africa.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17337113

Kime, Patricia. Cutter Returns from 3-Month Mission to African Nations. Navy Times 54:34 August 29, 2005.
U. S. Coast Guard ship returns from visit to northern Africa and the Gulf of Guinea.

Laremont, Ricardo and Gregorian, Hrach. Political Islam in West Africa and the Sahel. Military Review 86:27-36 January-February 2006.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=20018985

Lubold, Gordon. European Command Wants More Presence in North Africa. Air Force Times 65:14 January 3, 2005.
"Focuses on the intention of the U. S. European Command to broaden the Trans Sahara Counter-Terrorism Initiative in Northern Africa."

Morrissette, Jason J. and Borer, Douglas A. Where Oil and Water Do Mix: Environmental Scarcity and Future Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa. Parameters 34:86-101 Winter 2004-2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15248480

Niger/Sahara: 'Drowning Season.' Africa Confidential 47:8 January 20, 2006.
"While Europe strives to keep out African would-be migrants, Algeria and, increasingly, Libya daily dump hundreds of them, penniless, south across the border into Niger."

North Africa: Ponderous Politicians. Africa Confidential 47:5+ January 6, 2006.
"Political change is lagging well behind the governments' market economic strategies."

North Africa: Time to Deliver. Africa Confidential 46:5-6 January 7, 2005.
"For 2005, the big problem across the region remains how to turn government energy receipts into sustainable jobs, and thus to reduce the social pressures that add appeal to underground Islamist groups."

Oil Fry. Economist 373:66 October 30, 2004.
"Examines how Africa is attracting the petroleum industry."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14892623

Ruhle, Michael. Quo Vadis, NATO? NATO's Nations & Partners for Peace 49, no.5:14-18 2004.
Discusses "factors that hindered the Mediterranean Dialogue between NATO and countries in North Africa in the Middle East."
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=793047701&sid=1&Fmt=4&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Spencer, Claire. Limiting the Flow. World Today 61:21-23 February 2005.
"Examines the plan by the European Union to set up a silent camps across north Africa...to process claims before refugees enter Europe."
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=793036431&sid=3&Fmt=4&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Stage, Adam. Desperation at Europe's Back Gate. New Statesman 134:15-16 October 10, 2005.
"Reports on the increasingly desperate attempts of Africans to reach Melilla and Ceuta, Spain's other enclave in North Africa."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=18474619

Whitelaw, Kevin. The Mutating Threat. U. S. News & World Report 139:32-36 December 26, 2005.
"A spate of arrests of the Islamic militants have made authorities worry that they have unearthed a large network of North African militants."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19172265

Yedder, Omar B. and Ford, Neil. The Top Arab Companies. Middle East No.362:30-36 December 2005.
Discusses the "growth of stock exchanges across the Middle East and North Africa."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19058133

Southern Africa

Books

Bauer, Gretchen and Taylor, Scott D. Politics in Southern Africa: State and Society in Transition. Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2005. 403 p.
Book call no.: 320.968 B344p

Veen, Roel Van Der. What Went Wrong with Africa? A Contemporary History. Amsterdam, Netherlands, KIT Publishers, 2004. 298 p.
Positive Developments in Southern Africa.
Book call no.: 960.3 V418w

Periodicals

Akpata-Ohohe, Bunmi. Southern Africa's Health Train. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:8 November 2005.
Health-care workers leaving southern Africa to work in Western nations.

Ala, Jacqui. Southern African Multinational Corporations Confront the Challenges of HIV/AIDS. South African Journal of International Affairs 11:143-153 Winter-Spring 2004.

Cawthra, Gavin. Mauritius: An Exemplar of Democracy, Development and Peace for the Southern Africa Development Community? Africa Insight 35:14-19 April 2005.
"Examines Mauritius's traditions and practices of democracy and national security, and its role in SADC."

De Figueiredo, Antônio. Mozambique and Angola - the Communist Episode. New African No.437:30-31 February 2005.
"Discusses the impact of the independence of Mozambique and Angola on the continuing struggle for black emancipation in southern Africa."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15961546

Dish It out! Economist 372:62 September 25, 2004.
Land reform in southern Africa.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14530199

Draper, Peter. The SACU-U.S. Free Trade Agreement: In Search of a Contract Zone. South African Journal of International Affairs 11:73-77 Winter-Spring 2004.

From Hand to Mouth. Economist 377:56 October 8, 2005.
Discusses famine in southern Africa.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=18538160

Good and Bad Neighbours. Economist 374:14 February 26, 2005.
Notes that southern African leaders do not speak up for democracy and the lack of democracy in Zimbabwe.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16258703

Good, Kenneth. Democratization in Southern Africa: Barriers and Potentialities. Round Table 95:79-93 January 2006.
Uses personal experience of the author to examine "the fragility of democracy in the Southern African region."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19540826

Hentz, James J. South Africa and the Political Economy of Regional Cooperation in Southern Africa. Journal of Modern African Studies 43:21-51 March 2005.

Isaacman, Allen and others. Digitization, History, and the Making of a Postcolonial Archive of Southern African Liberation Struggles: The Aluka Project. Africa Today 52:54-77 Winter 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=20025662

Leysens, Anthony J. Social Forces in Southern Africa: Transformation from below? Journal of Modern African Studies 44,no.1:31-58 2006.
"Discusses the capability of the marginalized social forces to act as a catalyst for change in southern Africa."

Madagascar: Joining the Club. Africa Confidential 46:8 March 18, 2005.
"Madagascar intends to join the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in August, according to its Foreign Minister, Jaya Krishna Cuttaree."

Ndaba, Dennis. Pondering Security and Peace. South African Soldier 12:35 June 2005.
"South Africa Hosted an Extraordinary Interstate Defense and Security Committee ...attended by the SADC Ministers of Defence, Security, Home Affairs and Intelligence to discuss, inter alia, peace efforts in the Great Lakes region, progress with regard to the SADC Brigade, the African Union Standby Force and the Regional Early Warning System."

New Challenges in Zimbabwe. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:29-30 October 2004.
"With the opposition party vowing not to participate in elections until further notice, SADC countries have a difficult task getting Zimbabwe back on the road to resolving its ever deteriorating political crisis."

Shillinger, Kurt. Al-Qaida in Southern Africa. Armed Forces Journal International 143:12-16 February 2006.
Inspects southern Africa as a possible logistics base for the Al Qaeda network.

Southern Africa: Pan-Africanism Meets Market Economics. Africa Confidential 46:1-2 January 7, 2005.
"Incessant diplomatic shuffling and economic muscle will make South Africa the continent's capital this year."

Southern Africa: Trials and Tribulations. Africa Confidential 47:9-10 January 6, 2006.
"Ambitious politicians and their supporters do battle with the judiciary."

Trouble in Paradise. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:30-32 January 2005.
"Africa's sore point - Zimbabwe - is causing a serious rift between South Africa's ANC government and its alliance partners."

Van Amerom, Marloes and Buscher, Bram. Peace Parks in Southern Africa: Bringer of an African Renaissance? Journal of Modern African Studies 43:159-182 June 2005.
Studies the joint South African-Mozambique and-Zimbabwean great Limpopo Park.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Internet Resources

Ager, D. E. French Cultural, Languages and Telecommunication Policies Towards Sub-Saharan Africa. Modern & Contemporary France February 2005.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16266843

Corbett, Elizabeth L. and others. Tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities, Challenges, and Change in the Era of Antiretroviral Treatment. Lancet March 18, 2006.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=20180330

Institute for Security Studies.
Available online at: http://www.iss.co.za/
The ISS is a regional research institute operating across Sub-Saharan Africa with a mission to conceptualize, inform and enhance the security debate in Africa.

Sub-Saharan Region Remains Hotspot as Disease Spreads. Nursing Standard November 30, 2005. 10 p.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19217498

University of Michigan. Foreign Governments: Sub-Saharan Africa.
Available online at: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/forafr.html
General information about 39 Sub-Saharan African countries.

Books

Africa 2025: What Possible Futures for Sub-Saharan Africa? edited by Alioune Sall. Pretoria, South Africa, Unisa Press, 2003. 142 p.
Book call no.: 330.967 A258

Dempsey, Thomas A. Counterterrorism in African Failed States: Challenges and Potential Solutions. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Strategic Studies Institute, Army War College, April 2006. 36 p.
Book call no.: 363.32516096 D389c

French, Howard W. A Continent for the Taking: The Tragedy and Hope of Africa. New York, Knopf, 2004. 280 p.
Book call no.: 967.032 F874c

From Conflict to Recovery in Africa, edited by Tony Addison. New York, Oxford University Press, 2003. 296 p. (Studies in Development Economics)
Book call no.: 330.967 F931

Reforming Africa's Institutions: Ownership, Incentives, and Capabilities, edited by Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa. New York, United Nations University Press, 2003. 362 p.
Book call no.: 320.60967 R332

United States. President. George W. Bush. 2003 Comprehensive Report on U. S. Trade and Investment Policy toward Sub-Saharan Africa: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting the 2003 Comprehensive Report on U. S. Trade and Investment Policy toward Sub-Saharan Africa and Implementation of the African Growth and Opportunity Act. Washington, GPO, 2005. 134 p. (House Document, no. 108-74)
Book call no.: 337.73067 U582t

Documents

Calabrese, Maurizio D. Emerging Threats and the War on Terrorism: The Formation of Radical Islamist Movements in Sub-Saharan Africa. Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005. 57 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA435589
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525 C1411e

Periodicals

Abdulai, Awudu and others. Does Food Aid Really Have Disincentives Effects? New Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development 33:1689-1704 October 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=18630076

Akpata-Ohohe, Bunmi and Umunna, Isaac. Africa: Polio Immunisation Campaign. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:10 December 2004.
"More than one million people and 23 African countries participated in a massive immunisation campaign aimed at vaccinating 80 million children across Sub-Saharan Africa against polio in just four days."

DDT: A Symbol Gone Awry. Scientific American 293:81 December 2005.
The ban on DDT has "meant the loss of a valuable weapon in fighting" malaria.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=18752238

Going for Broke. Economist 379:50 May 20, 2006.
"Focuses on the Pan-African Parliament, which is facing financial difficulty just two years after its inauguration."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=20887841

Hardon, Anita. Confronting the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policy Versus Practice. International Social Science Journal 57:601-608 December 2005.
"Shows how policies aimed at confronting HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa have shifted over the past 10 years."

Heitman, Helmoed-Romer. Africa: Security Is the Key. Jane's Defence Weekly 42:21 July 20, 2005.

Ousman, Abdelkerim. The Potential of Islamist Terrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Politics, Culture & Society 18:65-105 Fall-Winter 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15603593

Porteous, Tom. British Government Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa under New Labour. International Affairs 81:281-297 March 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16600032

Shaxson, Nicholas. New Approaches to Volatility: Dealing with the 'Resource Curse' in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Affairs 81:311-324 March 2005.
Examines "the paradoxical fact that huge flows of money from petroleum appeared not to have brought prosperity to the African countries that produce it, but may instead have helped cause poverty, economic decline in conflict."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16600030

Ware, Zoe. Reassessing Labour's Relationship with Sub-Saharan in Africa. Round Table 95:141-152 January 2006.
Discusses the UK's relationship with Sub-Saharan Africa.

Yoon, MI Yuung. Internal Conflicts and Cross-Border Military Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Post-Cold War Era. Journal of Political and Military Sociology 33:277-293 Winter 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=20597649

Western Africa

Books

Ibrahim, Jibrin. Democratic Transition in Anglophone West Africa. Dakar, Senegal, CODESRIA, 2003. 79 p.
Book call no.: 321.8096 I14d

Pugh, Michael and others. War Economies in a Regional Context: Challenges of Transformation. Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner, 2004. 271 p.
Sierra Leone in West Africa, pp 91-141.
Book call no.: 330.9 P978w 2004

Schwab, Peter. Designing West Africa: Prelude to 21st-Century Calamity. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 177 p.
Book call no.: 966.032 S398d

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy, Export and Trade Promotion. The Gulf of Guinea and U.S. Strategic Energy Policy. Hearing. 108th Congress, 2nd session, July 15, 2004. Washington, GPO, 2004. 51 p.
Also available online at: http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS58366
Book call no.: 337.73066 U58g

West Africa's Security Challenges: Building Peace in a Troubled Region, edited by Adekeye Adebajo and Ismail Rashid. Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004. 449 p. (Project of the International Peace Academy)
Book call no.: 966.033 W516

Documents

Agyapong, William. Military Intervention in Intrastate Conflicts in West Africa: Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group as a Case Study. Fort Leavenworth, KS, Army Command and General Staff College, June 2005. 81 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA436459
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022 A284m

Apogan-Yella, Austin A. Underdevelopment: Major Cause of Insecurity in West Africa. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, March 2005. 24 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA431982
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 A643u

Belmakki, Mohamed. African Sub-Regional Organization in Peacekeeping and Peacemaking: The Economic Community of West African States. Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005. 77 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525 B451a

Sagna, Inssa. Enhancing Peacekeeping Capabilities in West Africa. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, March 2005. 18 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA432301
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 S129e

Umaru, Kayode Abdullahi. Economic Community of West African States Conflict Management and Resolution: A Case Study. Fort Leavenworth, KS, Army Command and General Staff College, June 2003. 73 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA416143
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022 U48e

Periodicals

Adedze, Cornelius. West African Civil Society Call on Governments to Resist Liberalization. African Agenda 8,no.4 & 5:36-38 2005.
"West African civil society groups asserted that it will be impossible for their governments to achieve the targets set in the Millennium Development Goals in the face of unbridled liberalization."

African Bishops Call for Foreign Debt Cancellation. America 191:5-6 September 13, 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14370478

Agyeman-Duah, Ivor. ECOWAS: New Monetary Zone Will Take off... New African No.434:52-53 November 2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14934941

Akpata-Ohohe, Bunmi. Mauritania: Year of Locust. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:6-7 November 2004.
"West Africa is in the grip of its worst plague of crop-devouring locusts for generations."

Ankomah, Baffour. Manno River Youth: From Warriors to Peace Builders. New African No.437:40-43 February 2005.
"For the first time since the conflicts in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea and Cote D'Ivoire began, the youth of the region are being mobilised to play an effective role in peace building and development."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15961580

Ankomah, Baffour and Asante, Ben. West Africa: ECOWAS Targets Deeper Economic Integration. New African No.437:24 February 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15961450

Asante, Ben. ECOWAS Has Lived up to Expectations, Says Chambas. New African No.441:26-27 June 2005.
Dr. Chambas is the executive secretary of ECOWAS.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17255327

Bad Government Bad Neighbour. Economist 376:44 July 23, 2005.
Many Guinea residents fear that the instability of the region will infect their country.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17706208

Barton, Paul. Truth Submerged Shall Rise Again. New African No.433:29 October 2004.
Discusses the Mende ethnic people of West Africa.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14599663

Billions of Bugs. Economist 372:43 August 14, 2004.
Plague of locust in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Niger, and Chad.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14141950

Current Situation: Hunger in West Africa. CQ Researcher 15:752 September 9, 2005.

The ECOWAS Story. African Agenda 8,no.3:6-18 2005.
Five articles about Ecowas.

Fofana, Lansana. Fishing Sector Reaps Profits - but at a Cost. African Agenda 7,no.4:33-34 2004.
Poaching and over-fishing the waters off Sierra Leone by foreign vessels create problems for the environment and the economy.

Gambia: Jammeh Rejection. Africa Confidential 46:8 February 4, 2005.
Niger's President Mamadou Tandja is selected instead of President Yahya Jammeh "to win the chair of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) at its summit in Accra, Ghana, on 18-19 January."

Gberie, Lansana. The Borders Must Go. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:39-41 March 2005.
"The perilous journey of Lansana Gberie across West Africa, from Accra, Ghana, through Togo, Benin Republic to Nigeria."

Good and Bad Neighbours. Economist 374:14 February 26, 2005.
Notices that Western African leaders speak only publicly for democracy. ECOWAS suspends Togo's membership.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16258703

King, Martin L. The Clock Ticks for Taylor. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:16+ October 2005.
"With the leaders of Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone publicly requesting Nigeria to review its asylum deal with Charles Taylor, it may well be just a matter of time before the exiled former Liberian warlord is brought to trial."

King, Martin L. Early Warning System. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 10:14-15 August-September 2004.
"The economic community of West African states (ECOWAS) launches a new initiative to resolve the crisis in the region before they snowball into full-blown wars."

King, Martin L. Taylor Must Stand Trial. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:17-18 October 2005.
Interviews Desmond de Silva, Chief Prosecutor of the United Nations Special Court for Sierra Leone, who insists "that Taylor must pay for his atrocities in Sierra Leone."

Koomson, George. West African Eco Slated to Be Functional by 2007. African Agenda 7,no.5 & 6:8 2004.
Common currency for western Africa expected to be used by December 2006.

Mason, Michael. "Great Game" in West Africa. Military Technology 29:7 February 2005.
Discusses growing instability in West Africa and particularly in the Ivory Coast.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16270053

McGowan, Patrick J. Coups and Conflict in West Africa, 1955-2004. Armed Forces & Society 32:5-23 October 2005.

New Helmsman for ECOWAS. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:39 February 2005.
"Nigerian President Tandja, is the new chairman of west Africa's economic body."

Pearson, Helen. Locust Plague Sweeps across Africa. Discover 26:36 January 2005.
Discusses locust plague in West Africa.

Pittman, Todd. Coast Guard Visits Oil-Rich West Africa. Navy Times 54:35 August 29, 2005.
U. S. Coast Guard visits the Gulf of Guinea.

Reeve, Richard. Focus of West African Instability Shifts to Guinea. Jane's Intelligence Review 16:12-19 February 2004.

Reeve, Richard. Ghana Key to G8 Engagement with ECOWAS Security. Jane's Intelligence Review 17:28-31 October 2005.

Reeve, Richard. Senegambia's Trafficking Hubs. Jane's Intelligence Review 16:26-29 March 2004.
Smuggling activities in Gambia and Senegal, and the growth of cocaine and heroin trans-shipment through the region.

Richards, Paul. To Fight or to Farm? Agrarian Dimensions of the Mano River Conflicts (Liberia and Sierra Leone). African Affairs 104:571-590 October 2005.

Sawyer, Amos. Violent Conflicts and Governance Challenges in West Africa: The Case of the Mano River Basin Area. Journal of Modern African Studies 42:437-463 September 2004.

Sy, Hamadou. Obstacles to Food Security on All Sides. African Agenda 7,no.5 & 6:59 2004.
"Problems including drought, port transport and civil strife hinder food security in West Africa."

Umunna, Isaac. "We'll Remain Engaged with Liberia." Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:13 November 2005.
Interviews Mohammed Ibn Chambas, Executive Secretary of the Economic Community of West African States about the organization's plans for post-election Liberia.

Versi, Anver. Tempered Like Steel. New African No.441:24-25 June 2005.
Profiles the Economic Community of West African States.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17255325

Vines, Alex. Combating Light Weapons Proliferation in West Africa. International Affairs 81:341-360 March 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16600028

Vines, Alex. Fragile Stability. World Today 61:26-27 November 2005.
Examines the political conditions in West African countries and the alleged assassination attempt in Guinea-Bissau.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=926149191&sid=3&Fmt=4&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

West Africa: Oil, Dollars in Votes. Africa Confidential 46:4 August 5, 2005.
"Elections and energy security are focusing more attention on the region's flashpoints."

West Africa: Peace, or Else. Africa Confidential 46:3-4 January 7, 2005.
"If peace can be kept on track, six West African countries will be preparing for elections in 2005."

West Africa: Reining in the Military. Africa Confidential 46:5 August 5, 2005.
"Another coup tests the region's resolve to outlaw military rule and resolve its cross-border conflicts."

West Africa's Secret Currency. African Agenda 7,no.5 & 6:4 2004.
"One of the major events expected in 2005 is the launch of the Eco, the second West African currency."

Williams, Bideh. Economic Union on Course. Africa Today: Voice of the Continent 11:33-36 December 2005.
"The fourth edition of ECOWAS Trade Fair, held recently in Nigeria, boosts efforts toward the economic integration of West Africa."

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