December 2009
Compiled by Bibliography Branch
Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center
Maxwell AFB,
AL
The appearance of hyperlinks does not constitute
endorsement by the U.S. Air Force of this Web site or the information, products,
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as military exchanges and morale, welfare and recreation sites, the U.S. Air
Force does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find
at these locations. Such links are provided consistent with the stated
purpose of this DoD Web site.
Some materials listed below require access to subscription databases. If you
cannot gain access, contact your local library for availability. AU students and
faculty can contact the Center's Web Maintainer
for a password
All sites listed were last accessed December
7, 2009. The Causes of World War One. First World
War.com. March 2004. Ahmed, Nafeez Mosaddeq. Behind the War on Terror: Western
Secret Strategy and the Struggle for Iraq. Gabriola Island, Canada,
New Society Publishers, 2003. 344 p. Bell, P. M. H. The Origins of the Second World War in Europe.
3rd ed. Harlow, England, Longman, 2007. 398 p. Bollerup, Soren R. and Christensen, Christian D.
Nationalism in Eastern Europe: Causes and Consequences of the
National Revivals and Conflicts in Late Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe.
New York, St. Martin's Press, 1997. 308 p.
Brown, Seyom. The Causes and Prevention of War.
2nd ed. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1994. 260 p.
Cashman, Greg and Robinson, Leonard C. An Introduction to the Causes
of War: Patterns of Interstate Conflict from World War I to Iraq. Lanham,
MD, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. 423 p. The Causes of Quarrel: Essays on Peace, War, and Thomas
Hobbes, edited by Peter Caws. Boston, Beacon Press,
1989. 224 p.
Internet Resources
Available online at: http://www.firstworldwar.com/origins/causes.htm
Cederman, Lars-Erik. Democratization and War in Political Science.
Democratization 15:509-524 June 2008.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32069175&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Looks at democratization as a possible cause of conflict.
Conway,
John P. War and Religion: Is Religion to Blame? Fort
Leavenworth, KS, Army Command and General Staff College.
Available online
at: http://www.army.mil/professionalwriting/volumes/volume1/december_2003/12_03_2.html
Malul, Miki and Shoham, Amir. The Role of Culture and Economic
Variables in Wars and Coups. Peace Economics, Peace Science and
Public Policy 12:1096 September 2006.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eoah&AN=12062884&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
"The increasing number of local and regional conflicts around the world in the
past several decades has led us to investigate the causes of war and coups." -
Abstract
Moseley,
Alex. The Philosophy of War. The Internet Encyclopedia of
Philosophy. 2006.
Available online at: http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/w/war.htm
Includes a short section on what causes war.
Von Mises, Ludwig. Economic Causes of War. Foundation for
Economic Education, 2008.
Available online
at: http://mises.org/story/2949
This is the major part of a lecture delivered in Orange County, California,
in October 1944.
Internet Resources - Student Research
Sellers, Robin B. War Without Politics: A Critique of Clausewitz. Washington, National War College, January 1997. 12 p
Available online
at:
http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA442317
Examines "the current relevance of the Clausewitzian assertion of the
relationship between war and policy and its continuing applicability as we enter
the 21st century." - Abstract
Books
Discusses the causes of the
Iraqi War 2003.
Book call no.: 956.70443 A286b
Behavior,
Society, and Nuclear War, edited by Philip E. Tetlock and
others. New York, Oxford University Press, 1989. 401 p.
Volume 1 - Chapter 4: The Causes of War: A Review of Theories and
Evidence, by Jack S. Levy.
Book call no.:
355.027 B419 v. 1
"Approaches the subject from three different angles: describing the
various explanations that have been offered for the war and the
historiographical debates that have arisen from them, analyzing the ideological,
economic and strategic forces at work in Europe during the 1930s, and tracing
the course of events from peace in 1932, via the initial outbreak of hostilities
in 1939, through to the climactic German attack on the Soviet Union in 1941
which marked the descent into general conflict." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 940.53112 B434o 2007
Blainey, Geoffrey. The Causes of War. 3rd
ed. New York, Free Press, 1988. 325 p.
Book call
no.: 355 B634c 1988
Book call no.: 320.540947 B691n
Book call no.: 303.66 B879c 1994
"Explains the causes of war through a sustained combination of theoretical
insights and detailed case studies." Examples include World War I, World
War II in the Pacific, the Six-Day War, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the
Iran-Iraq War, and the Iraq War. - Book jacket
Book call no.: 355.027 C338i
Cashman, Greg. What Causes War? An Introduction to
Theories of International Conflict. New York, Lexington
Books, 1993. 360 p.
Book call no.: 327.16
C338w
Book call no.: 320.01
C734
Causes of
War and the Consequences of Peacekeeping in Africa, edited by Ricardo Rene
Laremont. Portsmouth, NH, Heinemann, 2002. 311
p.
Includes conflicts in Sudan, Great Lakes Region, Liberia,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, Mozambique, Angola, and
Nigeria.
Book call no.: 341.584096
C374
Churchman, David. Why We Fight: Theories of Human
Aggression and Conflict. Lanham, MD, University Press of America, 2005.
254 p.
"Draws on more than 20 academic disciplines to describe over 100
theoretical explanations for human aggression and conflict. It also describes
and assesses over 70 methods for managing conflict." - Book
jacket
Book call no.: 303.6 C563w
Coates, David and others. Blair's War.
Cambridge, United Kingdom, Polity, 2004. 184 p.
Discusses Prime
Minister Blair's support of the war in Iraq.
Book call no.:
956.704432 C652b
Codevilla, Angelo and Seabury, Paul. War:
Ends and Means. 2nd ed. Washington, Potomac Books, 2006. 382 p.
Chapter 2: The Causes of War.
Book call no.: 355.02 S438w 2006
The Coming Age of Scarcity: Preventing Mass Death and Genocide in the Twenty-First Century, edited
by Michael N. Dobkowski and Isidor Walliman. Syracuse, NY, Syracuse
University Press, 1998. 350 p.
Competition, Expansion, and
Reaction: The Foundations of Contemporary Conflict, by Joseph A. Tainter,
pp 174-193.
Book call no.: 333.7 C733
Conflict after the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and
Peace, edited by Richard K. Betts. 3rd ed. New York,
Pearson Longman, 2008. 654 p.
"The carefully chosen and excerpted selections in this popular reader
introduce students to the core debates about the causes and the future of war
and peace. Through the precision of its approach and attention to new
issues, this reader challenges conventional wisdom and encourages more critical
examination of the political, economic, social, and military factors that
underlie political violence. " - Summary
Book call no.: 909.82 C7481
2008
Copeland, Dale C. The Origins of Major War.
Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2000. 322 p.
"Brings attention to why governments make decisions that lead to, sustain, and
intensify conflicts. Copeland presents detailed historical narratives of
several twentieth-century cases, including World War I, World War II, and the
cold war." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 940.311 C782o
Couloumbis, Theodore A. Introduction to International Relations: Power and
Justice. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall,
1986. 426 p.
War and Its Causes, pp 191-210.
Book call
no.: 327 C855i 1986
Crockatt, Richard. America Embattled: September 11,
Anti-Americanism, and the Global Order. New York, Routledge,
2003. 205 p.
"Seeks to understand the terrible attacks of September 11 within a broader
historical, political and ideological context. Rather than drawing on
simple 'clash of civilizations' oppositions, the author argues that it is
important to have an awareness of the complex historical processes that
influence." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 940.53112
R144s
Dunnigan, James F. and Martel, William. How to
Stop a War: The Lessons of Two Hundred Years of War and
Peace. New York, Doubleday, 1987. 298 p.
The Four
Causes of War, pp 26-38.
Book call no.: 303.66
D924h
Fierke, K. M. Diplomatic Interventions: Conflict and Change in
a Globalizing World. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. 221
p.
Chapter 5: Military Interventions.
Book call no.: 341.584 F465d
The Gaia Peace Atlas, edited by Frank Barnaby. New York, Doubleday,
1988. 271 p.
The Roots of Conflict, pp 36-57.
Book call no.: 327.172 G137
Global Security Concerns: Anticipating the Twenty-First
Century, edited by Karl P. Magyar and Bradley S. Davis. Maxwell
AFB, AL, Air University Press, 1996. 327 p.
History, Culture, and
Change: Foundations of Conflicts and Wars, by Karl P. Magyar, pp
3-27.
Anticipating the Twenty-First Century: Economic Sources of
Conflicts, by Maris McCrabb, pp 123-142.
The Third World's Nonviable
States: A Major Source of Conflict in the Twenty-First Century, by Gary A.
Storie, pp 143-162.
Book call no.: 355.027 G562
Glossop, Ronald J. Confronting War: An Examination of
Humanity's Most Pressing Problem. 3rd ed. Jefferson, NC,
McFarland, 1994. 435 p.
Causes of War, pp 47-106.
Book call
no.: 303.6 G563c 1994
Hinde, Robert A. and Rotblat, Joseph. War No More:
Eliminating Conflict in the Nuclear Age. Sterling, VA, Pluto Press,
2003. 228 p.
Explores "what factors contribute to the outbreak of war, why people are willing
to go to war, and what can be done to prevent war." - Summary
Book call no.: 355.02 H662w
How Did This Happen? Terrorism and the New War, edited by James
F. Hoge and Gideon Rose. New York, PublicAffairs, 2001. 324
p.
"How did this happen? This book seeks to answer this question in all its
critical aspects--the motives and actions of the terrorists, the status of the
U.S. military, the context of the Middle East, bioterrorism, airport security,
diplomatic pressures--and to provide readers with perspective, information, and
sound interpretation." - Summary
Book call no.: 363.320973 H847
Howard, Michael Eliot. The Causes of War and other Essays.
Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1983. 248 p.
Book
call no.: 355.02 H851ca
Huisken, Ronald. The
Road to War on Iraq. Canberra, Australia, Strategic and Defence
Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian
National University, 2003. 109 p. (Canberra Papers on Strategy and
Defense, no.148)
"Seeks to describe and explain what appears to have been a massive failure of
international diplomacy." - Introduction
Book call no.: 956.70443 H899r
International War: An Anthology, edited by Melvin Small and J. David Singer.
Chicago, Dorsey Press, 1989. 419 p.
The Causes of War, pp 159-299.
Book call no.: 355.02 I61
Iraq: Threat and Response, edited by Gerhard Beestermoller and
David Little. New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction Publishers, 2003. 151
p.
Argues against war with Iraq.
Book call no.: 327.730567 I65
James, Patrick. Crisis and War. Kingston, Ontario, McGill-Queen's
University Press, 1988. 192 p.
International War and Its Causes, pp
3-27.
Book call no.: 355.027 J28c
Johnson, Dominic D. P. Overconfidence and War: The Havoc and
Glory of Positive Illusions. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press,
2004. 280 p.
"Opponents rarely go to war without thinking they can win - and clearly, one
side must be wrong. This conundrum lies at the heart of the so-called War
Puzzle: rational states should agree on their differences in power and
thus not fight. But as Dominic Johnson argues in Overconfidence and War,
states are no more rational than people, who are susceptible to exaggerated
ideas of their own virtue, of their ability to control events, and of the
future." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 355.027 J66o
Kagan, John. On the Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace.
New York, Doubleday, 1995. 606 p.
"Details five case studies of efforts to prevent war." These
include classical examples: "Athenian Pericles' attempts to calm the
Spartans in the fifth century BC and prevent what became the Peloponnesian War;
and how the treaty after the First Punic War (218-201 BC) led to the Second
Punic War, and the Treaty of Versailles played the same role in regard to the
First and Second World Wars. His only example of success is the 1962 Cuban
Missile Crisis." - Summary
Book call no.: 904.7 K11o
Lieber, Keir A. War and the Engineers: The Primacy of Politics
over Technology. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2005. 226
p. (Cornell Studies in Security Affairs)
"Examines the relationships among politics, technology, and the causes
of war." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 355.02 L716w
Magstadt, Thomas M. and Schotten, Peter M. Understanding Politics: Ideas,
Institutions and Issues. New York, St. Martin's Press,
1984. 556 p.
Immediate versus Ultimate Causes of War, p 440.
Human
Nature as the Cause, pp 440-444.
Society as the Cause, pp 444-449.
Nature
as the Cause, pp 449-452.
A Balanced View of War's Causes, pp
453-458.
Book call no.: 320 M212u
Martin, David. Does Christianity Cause War? New
York, Oxford University Press, 1997. 226 p.
"This book is made up of eight lectures given under the auspices of the Sarum
Lectureship in the University of Oxford during Hilary term, January to March
1995." - Preface
Book call
no.: 261.873 M379d
Morrison, Wilbur H. Twentieth Century American Wars:
Their Causes and Their Effects on American Life. New York,
Hippocrene Books, 1993. 456 p.
Book call no.: 973.9
M883t
Nelson, Keith L. and Olin, Spencer C., Jr. Why War?
Ideology, Theory, and History. Berkeley, University of California
Press, 1979. 201 p.
Includes chapters on conservative, liberal, and
radical ideology and theory about the causes of war.
Book call no.: 909.82 N427w
Offense, Defense, and War: An International Security Reader, edited by
Michael E. Brown and others. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2004. 444 p.
"Argues that the relative ease of offense and defense varies in
international politics. When the offense has the advantage, military
conquest becomes easier and war is more likely: the opposite is true when the
defense has the advantage." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 355.03 O32
The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars, edited by Robert I.
Rothberg and Theodore K. Rabb. New York, Cambridge University Press,
1989. 352 p. (Studies in Interdisciplinary History)
"A distinguished group
of political scientists and historians examine the origins of major wars and
discuss the problems in preventing a nuclear war." -
Summary
Book call no.: 355.02 069
Otterbein, Keith F. How War Began. College Station, TX,
Texas A&M University Press, 2004. 292 p. (Texas A&M University
Anthropology Series, no.10)
"Keith F. Otterbein draws on primate behavior research, archaeological research,
data gathered from the Human Relations area files, and a career spent in
research and reflection on war to argue for two separate origins." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 303.66 O89h
Pelletiere, Stephen C. America's Oil Wars.
Westport, CT, Praeger, 2004. 192 p.
"Argues that, in going to war twice against Iraq and once against Afghanistan
the United States was seeking to put a lock on its future energy supplies." -
Summary
Book call no.: 956.70443
P388a
Pelletiere, Stephen C. Iraq and the International Oil
System: Why America Went to War in the Gulf. Westport, CT,
Praeger, 2001. 239 p.
"Iraq's victory over Iran in 1988 gave the nation the capability of
becoming a regional superpower with a strong say in how the Gulf's oil reserves
were managed. Because the United States could not tolerate an ultranationalist
state with the potential to destabilize the world's economy, war then became
inevitable." - Summary
Book call no.: 956.70442
P388i
Prados, John. Hoodwinked: The Documents That
Reveal How Bush Sold Us a War. New York, The New Press, 2004.
375 p.
"Makes publicly available for the first time the primary source documents that
show how intelligence on Iraq was consistently distorted, manipulated, and
ignored by the administration." - Summary
Book call no.: 956.70443 P896h
Record, Jeffrey. Dark Victory: America's Second War Against Iraq.
Annapolis, MD, Naval Institute Press, 2004. 203 p.
"Examines the origins, objectives, conduct, and consequences of George W. Bush's
'preemptive war' on Iraq." - Summary
Book call no.: 956.70443 R311d
The Road to War in Serbia: Trauma and Catharsis, edited by Nebojsa Popov and Drinka Gojkovi'c.
New York, Central European University, 2000. 711 p.
English translation of Srpska Strana Rata.
Book call no.: 949.703 R628
Roberts, Paul William. A War Against Truth: An Intimate Account of the Invasion of Iraq. Vancouver, Canada, Raincoast
Books, 2004. 366 p.
Book call no.: 956.70443 R646w
The Scourge of War: New Extensions on an Old Problem, edited by Paul F. Diehl. Ann Arbor, MI, University of
Michigan Press, 2004. 266 p.
"A critical reexamination of the work of J. David Singer's influential
Correlates of War project ." - Summary
Book call no.: 355.02 S432
Seabury, Paul. War: Ends and Means. New York, Basic Books, 1989. 306 p.
The Causes of War, pp 35-60.
Book call no.: 355.02 S438w
Smith, Dan. The Penguin Atlas of War and Peace. 4th ed.
New York, Penguin, 2003. 128 p.
"Provides a global overview of the causes and consequences of war today and the dynamics
of peacemaking. It analyzes current wars, their background, their trends and their prospects." - Book jacket
Book call no.: 355.009 K46n 2003
Sobek, David. The Causes of War. Malden, MA, Polity, 2009.
229 p.
"Understanding the onset of war.... requires a movement away from single
theories towards one that embraces the multi-faceted causes of war." - Book
jacket
Book call no.: 355.027 S677c
Speer, James P. World Polity: Conflict and War:
History, Causes, Consequences, Cures. Fort Bragg, CA, Q.E.D.
Press, 1986. 323 p.
Part II investigates the causes of international conflicts: the nature
of man, natures of nations and the nature of the international system.
Book call no.: 327 S742w
Stoessinger, John G. Why Nations Go to War. 8th
ed. Boston, St. Martin's Press, 2001. 286 p.
Studies the two world wars, Korea, Vietnam, India and Pakistan, the Arab States and Israel, the
two Persian Gulf wars, and Sarajevo and Kosovo.
Book call no.: 909.82 S872w 2001
Suganami, Hidemi. On the Causes of War. New
York, Oxford University Press, 1996. 235 p.
Book call
no.: 355.027 S947o
Taylor, Scott. Spinning on the Axis of Evil: America's War
Against Iraq. Ottawa, Canada, Esprit de Corps Books, 2003. 231 p.
Book call no.: 956.70443 T246s
Treverton, Gregory F. and others. Exploring Religious Conflict. Santa Monica, CA,
RAND, 2005. 64 p.
If hyperlink does not open, copy into browser.
Also available online at: http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/2005/RAND_CF211.pdf
Book call no.: 303.6 T812e
The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics,
edited by Robert J. Art and Waltz, Kenneth N. 7th ed. Lanham, MD, Rowman
& Littlefield, 2009. 539 p.
"The selections in this fully updated text represent the best analysis by
influential thinkers on the use of force in international affairs." - Book
jacket
Book call no.: 327.172 U84 2009
Van Creveld, Martin L. The Transformation of War. New York, Free Press,
1991. 254 p.
Chapter 5: What War is Fought for.
Book call no.: 355.020904 V223t
Van Evera, Stephen. Causes of War: Power and the Roots of
Conflict. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1999. 270
p.
"Demonstrates that ideas from the Realist paradigm can offer strong
explanations for international conflict and valuable prescriptions for its
control." - Summary
Book call no.: 355.027 V252c
Wilmer, Franke. The Social Construction of Man, the State, and
War: Identity, Conflict, and Violence in Former Yugoslavia. New
York, Routledge, 2002. 220 p.
"Uses the recent conflicts in the former Yugoslavia as a model for investigating
what causes war to occur in a particular time and place, and with such
brutality." - Summary
Book call no.: 949.703 W743s
Woocher, Lawrence. Preventing Violent Conflict:
Assessing Progress, Meeting Challenges. Washington, United States
Institute of Peace, 2009. 16 p. (Special Report, no. 231)
"Effective conflict prevention requires knowledge about when, where, and how to
design and implement appropriately tailored strategies for each case." - Page
10.
Book call no.: 302.69 W873p
Yetiv, Steve A. Explaining Foreign Policy: U.S.
Decision-Making in the Persian Gulf War. Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins
University Press, 2004. 288 p.
Book call no.: 956.704422 Y48e
Ziegler, David W. War, Peace, and International Politics. 6th ed. Boston, Little, Brown, 1993. 458 p.
Causes of War, pp 151-163.
Book call no.: 327 Z66w 1993
Abonadi, Earl E. K. Weinberger-Powell and Transformation:
Perceptions of American Power from the Fall of Saigon to the Fall of Baghdad.
Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006. 101 p.
"The most influential 'Never Again' argument has been the 1984 Weinberger
Doctrine, later expanded to the Weinberger-Powell Doctrine, which sought to
limit the use of American military power...Examines the course of U.S. military
transformation since 1973 and analyzes the correlation between it and policy
makers’ perceptions of the increased potency of force." - Abstract
Also available online at:
http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA451305
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525 A154w
Alkubaisi, Hassan M. Entanglement in
Iraq. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, March 2004.
20 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA424179
Doc.
call no.: M-U 39080-537 A4152e
Carlberg, Matthew A.
Epidemics Don't Cause Wars, but They Can End 'em. Quantico, VA,
Marine Corps Command and Staff College, July 2002. 49 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA403988
Doc. call no.: M-U 41886-71 C278e
David,
William E. Environmental Scarcity as a Cause of Violent Conflict.
Fort Leavenworth, KS, Army Command and General Staff College,
1996. 67 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA314878
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 D249e
Newton, Brandon D. Punishment, Revenge, and Retribution: A
Historical Analysis of Punitive Operations. Fort Leavenworth, KS,
School of Advanced Military Studies, Army Command and General Staff College,
2005. 65 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA436111
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 N561p
Richardson, Natalie D. Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait: The Work of a Madman or a Predictable State
Leader? Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, April 2005.
28 p.
Uses well-known theories to study whether or not Saddam Hussein was a rational
actor when he invaded Kuwait.
Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 R524i
Sharon, Patrick J. The Merchants of Mesopotamia and the Causes of the Persian Gulf
War. Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military
Studies, Army Command and General Staff College, April 1996. 54
p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA314773
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 S531m
Stone, John W. War and Human Evolutionary Behavior.
Maxwell AFB, AL, Air War College, May 1986. 49 p.
Theories on the
Causes of War, pp 5-12.
Doc. call no.: M-U 43117 S878w
Tritten, James John. Does New Technology Lead to War?
Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, June 1988. 7
p.
"Discussion of new technologies leading to wars. Historical case studies
are reviewed with four alternate responses suggesting that nations do not go to
war when faced with an enemy having developed a new technology of such
significance that the very nature of war might change." - Abstract
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525-52
Ulrich, Donald K. A Moral Argument on Preventive War. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War
College, March 2005. 18 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA432152
Doc.
call no.: M-U 39080-537 U45m
Westphal, Steven D. Counterterrorism: Policy of Preemptive Action. Carlisle
Barracks, PA, Army War College, April 2003. 24 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA414502
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 W537c
Burgos, Russell A. Origins of Regime Change: "Ideapolitik" on the
Long Road to Baghdad, 1993-2000. Security Studies 17:221-256
April 2008.
"Saddam Hussein's ouster was not simply the result of idiosyncratic or nefarious
decision-making processes within the Bush administration, but was instead the
realization of a social choice made by U.S. foreign policy elites well before
George W. Bush came to power." - Abstract
Also available online at:
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=32744094&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Colaresi, Michael P. and Thompson, William R. Alliances, Arms Buildups and Recurrent Conflict: Testing a Steps-to-War Model.
Journal of Politics 67:345-364 May 2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16683803&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Copeland, Dale C. Economic Interdependence and War: A Theory
of Trade Expectations.
International Security 20:5-41 Spring 1996.
Inquires
on whether or not economic interdependence increases or decreases the
probability of war between states.
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0162-2889(199621)20:4<5:EIAWAT>2.0.CO;2-S
Desch, Michael C. Planning War in
Peacetime. Joint Force Quarterly No.30:94-104 Spring
2002.
"Focuses on the impact of war planning on the effectiveness of military
activities. Evidences to support the view that war plans can cause actual
wars; impact of defensive war plans on possible international conflicts; role of
changing plans in the battle of France 1940." - Abstract
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10104116&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Dowd, Alan W. Thirteen Years: The Causes the Consequences of War in
Iraq. Parameters 33:46-60 Autumn 2003.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10905106&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Eash, Joseph J., III. New Instruments for War and Peace. Joint
Force Quarterly No.27:95-97 Winter 2000-2001.
Reports on studies to determine the causes of conflicts.
Also available online
at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=5535696&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Einstein, Albert and Freud, Sigmund. Why War? International Journal of
Group Tensions 1:3-25 January-March 1971.
An exchange of letters
between Einstein and Freud in 1932. Originally Warum Krieg.
Fielding, Marcus. Regime Change: Planning and Managing
Military-Led Interventions as Projects. RUSI 151:20-22+ October
2006.
"This article offers a conceptual construct for military-led interventions.
It first considers the nature of military-led interventions intended to effect
regime change, and then develops a conceptual construct for reconstruction and
societal reform that intervention forces can apply." - Article
Also available online
at:
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1170637841&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD
Fink, Susan D. The Trouble with Mixed Motives: Debating the
Political, Legal, and Moral Dimensions of Intervention. Naval War
College Review 57:19-32 Summer-Autumn 2004.
Discusses the causes of the Iraqi War 2003.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15287934&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Freedman, Lawrence. International Security: Changing Targets. Foreign
Policy No. 110:48-63 Spring 1998.
The Causes of Conflict, pp 57-59.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=382408&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Freedman, Lawrence. War in Iraq: Selling the Threat.
Survival 46:7-49 Summer 2004.
Also available online
at:
http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&issn=0039-6338&volume=46&issue=2&spage=7
Friedman, Norman. What Are the Parallels of 1914 Germany and 2004 Iran?
U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 130:4+ October 2004.
Also
available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14675590&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. Environmental Scarcity, Mass Violence, and the Limits to
Ingenuity. Current History 95:359-365 November
1996.
"Scarcities of critical environmental resources in particular cropland,
freshwater, and forests-are contributing to mass violence in several areas of
the world." - Article
Also available online at: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqd&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&rft_dat=xri:pqd:did=000000010382527&svc_dat=xri:pqil:fmt=text&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=417
Houweling, Hank W. and Siccama, Jan G. The Epidemiology of War,
1816-1980. Journal of Conflict Resolution 29:641-663
December 1985.
"Investigates whether warfare is clustered in time and in space. Using a
method of analysis proposed by epidemiologists, significant evidence is found
for time-space interaction not only in participation in war but also in
outbreaks of war." - Article
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0027(198512)29:4<641:TEOW1>2.0.CO;2-7
Howard, Michael. The Causes of War. Wilson Quarterly 8:90-103 Summer 1984.
Howard, Michael. The Causes of War: Historians and the Problem of Power. Encounter 58:22-30 March 1982.
Huntingdon, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations?
Foreign Affairs 72:22-49 Summer 1993.
Author
argues that "the fundamental sources of conflict in this new world will not be
primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among
humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. The
fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the
future." - Article
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=9308115868
Jervis, Robert. Arms Control, Stability, and Causes of War.
Political Science Quarterly 108:239-253 Summer
1993.
Explains the theory of arms control and the causes of war in relation
to general directions specifying when and where armed conflict will
occur.
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-3195(199322)108:2<239:ACSACO>2.0.CO;2-H
Kahl, Colin H. Population Growth, Environmental Degradation, and
State-Sponsored Violence: The Case of Kenya, 1991-93. International Security
23:80+ Fall 1998.
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0162-2889(199823)23:2<80:PGEDAS>2.0.CO;2-Z
Kaldor, Mary and Salmon, Andrew. Military Force and European
Strategy. Survival 48:19-34 Spring 2006.
Assumes that European forces will be involved in military operations
contributing to global security. "Prerequisites for these operations include:
the primacy of human rights; legality; appropriate military response; clear
political authority; civil, police and military coordination; and adequate
intelligence and information." - Abstract
Kaufmann, Chaim. Threat Inflation and the Failure of the Marketplace
of Ideas: The Selling of the Iraq War. International
Security 29:5-48 Summer 2004.
Also available online at:
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v029/29.1kaufmann.html
Lambelet, John C. Do Arms
Races Lead to War? Journal of Peace Research 12, no.
2:123-128 1975.
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-3433(1975)12:2<123:DARLTW>2.0.CO;2-4
LeBlanc, Stephen A. Why Warfare? Lessons from the Past.
Daedalus 136:13-21 Winter 2007.
Suggests that "studying anthropology and history can illuminate the causes of
war." - Abstract
Also available online at:
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Levy, Jack S. Declining Power and the Preventive Motivation for War.
World Politics 40:82-107 October 1987.
Focuses on
the preventive motivation as a contributory cause of war.
Levy, Jack S. Misperception and the Causes of War: Theoretical
Linkages and Analytical Problems. World Politics
36:76-99 October 1983.
Also available online at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0043-8871(198310)36:1<76:MATCOW>2.0.CO;2-A
Levy, Jack S. Organizational Routines and the Causes of War.
International Studies Quarterly 30:193-222 June
1986.
"Identifies the theoretical linkages by which rigid organizational
routines of the military may contribute to the outbreak of war, and examines the
analytical problems involved in making such inferences." - Abstract
Also available online
at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-8833(198606)30:2<193:ORATCO>2.0.CO;2-R
Levy, James. Neville Chamberlain's Appeasement Policy as the Cause
of World War II Is One of History's Myths. Military History
23:65-67 September 2006.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21890679&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Lieber, Keir A. The New History of World War I and What It Means for
International Relations Theory. International Security
32:155-191 Fall 2007.
"The new
historiography
of
World
War
I,
however, challenges many
of the long-held assumptions about
the origins of
the conflict." - Abstract
Also available online at:
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=27465319&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Mayer, Arno J. Internal Causes and Purposes of War in Europe,
1870-1956: A Research Assignment. Journal of Modern
History 41:291-303 September 1969.
Also available online at:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2801(196909)41:3<291:ICAPOW>2.0.CO;2-K
Merrill, A. Brent. The Causes of War. Military Review 62:44-52 July 1982.
Moodie, Michael. Conflict Trends in the 21st Century.
Joint Force Quarterly No. 53:19-27 2009.
"States that the reasons for present conflicts are a combination of economic,
political, psychological and social elements." - Summary
Also available online at:
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41028377&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Nesser, Petter. Jihadism in Western Europe after the Invasion of
Iraq: Tracing Motivational Influences from the Iraq War on Jihadist
Terrorism in Western Europe. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism
29:323-342 June 2006.
Also available online at:
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=21007413&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Prakash, Shri. Causes of Conflicts in
the Third World During the Post-Cold War Phase. India
Quarterly 50:23-36 January-June 1994.
Quester, George H. Six Causes of War. Jerusalem
Journal of International Relations 6, no.1:1-23 1982.
Uses the
matrices of game theory to argue that exactly opposite causes may account for
different wars, and offers historical illustrations.
Rapoport, Anatole. War Without Hatred.
Humanist 49:14-17+ July-August 1989.
Examines the
question: if hatred no longer causes armed conflict, what does?
Also
available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1829685&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD
Rowe, David M. The Tragedy of Liberalism: How Globalization Cost the First World War. Security Studies 14:407-447 July-September 2005.
Seaton, Jean. Why Do We Think the Serbs Do It? The New
'Ethnic' Wars and the Media. Political Quarterly
70:254-270 July-September 1999.
"Many contemporary wars simply do not start
looking like the old-fashioned ones between nations with battles (which is not
to say that they cannot rather swiftly turn into such affairs). It is in this
way that Kosovo is clearly part of a trend." - Article
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=2206123&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Sherk, George William. The Fifth Horseman: The Coming Resource
and Water Wars. Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic
Policy 27, no.4:8-10 1999.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=42174152&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD
Special Issue on Causes of War.
Journal of Peace Research 18, no. 1:entire issue 1981.Special Issue on Environmental Conflict.
Journal of Peace Research 35:entire issue May 1998.Suganami, Hidemi. Bringing Order to the Causes of War Debates.
Millennium 19:19-35 Spring 1990.
Tarzi, Shah
M. Democratic Peace, Illiberal Democracy, and Conflict Behavior. International
Journal of World Peace 24:35-60 December 2007.
"The key conclusion of this study is that regimes in transition to democracy and illiberal democracies, including electoral democracies characterized by
contested institutions or contested sectarian and identity groups, are highly predisposed to external conflict and diversionary war with
both other democracies and non-democratic regimes." - Abstract
Also available online at:
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Terry, James P. A Legal Appraisal of Military Action
in Iraq. Naval War College Review 57:53-66 Summer-Autumn
2004.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15287955
Van Evera, Stephen. Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War.
International Security 22:5-43 Spring
1998.
Addresses these questions: is war more likely when conquest is
easy? Could peace be strengthened by making conquest more difficult?
What are the causes of offense dominance, and how can they be
controlled?
Also available online at:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539239
Wester, Franklin E. Preemption and Just
War: Considering the Case of Iraq. Parameters 34:20-39
Winter 2004-2005.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15248462&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Western, Jon. The War over Iraq: Selling War to the American Public.
Security Studies 14:106-139 January-March 2005.
Also available online at:
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=17611212&site=ehost-live&custid=airuniv
Yilmaz, Muzaffer E. Intra-State Conflicts in the Post-Cold War Era.
International Journal of World Peace 24:11-33 December 2007.
"Provides an analytical discussion of the dynamics of intra-state conflicts that seem to have replaced the ideological clashes of
the Cold War as the principal sources of current conflicts." - Abstract
Also available online at:
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