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All sites last accessed March 2000.
Enforcement of the Bosnian no-fly zone, beginning 12 April 1993 and ending 20 December 1995.
Allied Forces Southern Europe. Fact Sheet: Operation Deny Flight.
http://www.afsouth.nato.int/operations/denyflight/DenyFlightFactSheet.htm
Background, execution of operation, and summary, including statistics.
Federation of American Scientists: Military Analysis Network.
http://fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/deny_flight.htm
Overview of Operation Deny Flight and links to further documents.
Beale, Michael O. Bombs Over Bosnia. Maxwell AFB, AL, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, 1997. 59 p.
Operation Deny Flight, pp. 19-30
Doc. call no.: M-U 43998-1a B366b
Gawne, Brian G. Dual Key Command and Control in Operation Deny Flight: Paralyzed by Design.. Newport, RI, Naval War College, Nov 1996. 18 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 G284d
Miller, Kurt F. Deny Flight and Deliberate Force: An Effective Use of Airpower? Fort Leavenworth, KS, Army Command and General Staff College, 1997. 114 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022 M6482d
Walker, Richard F. Facing the Future: a Doctrine for Air Control in Limited Conflicts. Maxwell AFB, AL, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, 1998. 67 p.
Discusses operational difficulties and air control operations during operations including Deny Flight.
Also available online at: http://www.au.af.mil/au/database/research/ay1998/saas/walker_rf.htm
Doc. call no.: M-U43998-1 W183f
Barela, Timothy P. Calm Before the Storm. Airman 39:2-9 October 1995.
Available online: http://www.af.mil/news/airman/1095/calm.htm
Describes experiences of USAF members based at Aviano AB, Italy in support of Operation Deny Flight. Includes a chronology of NATO air strikes in the former Yugoslavia.
Bickers, Charles. Germany and Italy Boost Deny Flight. Jane's Defence Weekly 24:50-51 September 16 1995.
Bird, Julie. Bosnia Operation Will Have to Move : Aviano's Cracked Runways Will be Rebuilt. Air Force Times 58:17 May 18, 1998.
Bome, Margaret. Tent City: Housing Our Expeditionary Presence at Aviano. Marine Corps Gazette 80:57-59 January 1996.
Cangemi, Charles R. Jr. Part-Time Warriors Work for Full-Time Peace. National Guard 50:22+ January 1996.
Colaw, Becky For a People in Need: Air and Land Relief of Bosnia. Airman 37:2-7 August 1993.
Brief coverage of Deny Flight on pp 3-4.
Compart, Andrew. Frantic Pace Takes a Toll: Aviano Airmen Feel Strain of Recent Tensions in Bosnia. Air Force Times 55:3 December 5 1994.
Compart, Andrew. Reservists Get Action: All-Guard Unit Replaces A-10 Outfit in Europe. Air Force Times 55:4 December 12 1994.
Cooper, Joseph P. The Unexpected: Joint and Combined Assignments. ADA15-25 May-June 1996.
Includes a list (p.16) of participating countries and their aircraft.
Corsini, Robert The Balkan War: What Role for Airpower?
Airpower Journal 9:53-68 Winter 1995.
Available online: http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/corsini.pdf
Discussion of Deny Flight on pp 57-60.
Covault, Craig. AWACS, Command Chain Key to NATO Shootdown. Aviation Week & Space Technology 140:25-26 March 7 1994.
A quick-reaction NATO chain-of-command and intensive AWACS surveillance were the key elements enabling NATO/USAF F-16s to shoot down four Serbian aircraft over northern Bosnia on 28 Feb 1994.
Fursdon, Edward Operation Deny Flight. Army Quarterly & Defence Journal 125:15-19 January 1995.
Eyewitness account of a RAF AWACS flight over Bosnia.
Gallego-Serra, Fermin. Heavy Allied Air Activities Maintained over Bosnia. Armed Forces Journal International 130:15 July 1993
Guerrero, Phillip and Smythe, Martha Resolute in Deny Flight. National Guard 48:20-21 December 1994.
161st Air Refueling Group, Arizona ANG, tankers refuel 175th Fighter Group, Maryland ANG, A-10s for NATO strikes against Bosnian Serbs.
Hudson, Neff. Limited Threat Seen for Allied Enforcing No-Fly Zone in Bosnia. Air Force Times 53:15 April 19 1993.
Lawson, Chris. Marine Flyers Ready in Bosnia. Navy Times 42:7 August 9 1993.
Eight F/A-18D Hornets arrive at Aviano to join the 5th Allied Tactical Air Force in Operation Deny Flight.
Lawson, Chris. Marines Lend Hand to Air Force in Bosnia. Navy Times 43:11 December 13 1993.
Legeer, Jeffrey S. Maryland's 175th FG Pilots Go "Hot" and Destroy Serb Target: Warthogs Score a Direct Hit. National Guard 49:18-20 March 1995.
Lok, Joris Janssen. Deny Flight Turns to Affimative Action. Jane's Defence Weekly 24:53-55+ September 9 1995.
NATO's offensive air campaign, launched on 30 August 1995, allowed NATO air power to do what up until then had been ruled out by the UN: take out large parts of the Bosnian Serb integrated air defense system. The air campaign was sparked by the Serb shelling of a Sarajevo marketplace.
Lok, Joris Janssen. LANTIRN to Throw Light on Deny Flight. Jane's Defence Weekly 22:26 August 20 1994.
USAF increases its night attack capabilities over Bosnia by equipping the 555th Fighter Squadron with LANTIRN systems.
Lok, Joris Janssen. Plan for Action. Jane's Defence Weekly 20:32 October 23 1993.
Reports on missions six months into Operation Deny Flight.
Matthews, William and others. U. S. Plans for Peacekeeping, War in Bosnia. Air Force Times 53:12-14+ May 17 1993.
Muradian, Vago. F-16s in Bosnia Will be Forward Air Controllers. Air Force Times 55:27 April 3 1995.
Describes plans for F-16 crews to fly airborne forward air control missions to ease the burden on eight OA-10s.
Owen, Robert C.
Balkans Air Campaign Study, pt 1.
Airpower Journal 11:4-24 Summer 1997.
Available online: http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/sum97/owen.html
Owen, Robert C.
Balkans Air Campaign Study, pt 2. Airpower Journal 11:6-26 Fall 1997.
Available online: http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj97/fal97/owen.html
Perry, William J. Reserve Components and the Real World. Defense Issues, 11, no.8:1-4 1996.
Includes discussion of Operation Deny Flight. This article is on the World Wide Web at
www.dtic.mil/defenselink/pubs/di_index.html.
Ripley, Tim. Bosnia Mission Stretches Airborne Eyes and Ears. International Defense Review 27:54-56 January 1994.
Examines the command and control of NATO airpower in Bosnia.
Ripley, Tim. Operation Deny Flight. World Air Power Journal 16:16-23 Spring 1994.
Many photographs of aircraft involved in Deny Flight.
Rosenberg, Eric. Balkan Patrol. Air Force Magazine 76:40-42 Oct 1993.
Spotlights the changing role of the E-3 AWACS aircraft in support of Operation Deny Flight.
Simmons, Dean and others. Air Operations Over Bosnia. U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 123:58-63 May 1997
Discusses U. S. naval air forces' role in Operations Provide Promise, Deny Flight, Sharp Guard and Deliberate Force.
Slick, Anthony Y. Working the Swing Role into the 21st Century--The F/A-18D. Marine Corps Gazette 79:55-57 May 1995.
Starr, Barbara. Deny Flight Shootdown May Put USAF on the Offensive. Jane's Defence Weekly 23:24 June 24 1995.
Discusses implications for pilots of the Bosnian Serb trap that caught USAF Captain Scott O'Grady.
Starr, Barbara. Jane's Interview (with ADM Leighton Smith, Commander-in-Chief NATO Allied Forces, Southern Europe and US Naval Forces, Europe). Jane's Defence Weekly 23:32 January 28 1995.
ADM Smith discusses the NATO presence in Bosnia, with a brief mention of Deny Flight.
Starr, Barbara and Bickers Charles. Deny Flight Forces Poised for Bosnia Strikes. Jane's Defence Weekly 20:19 August 14 1993.
NATO debates expanding its role beyond responding to UNPROFOR requests for air support.
Watkins, Steven. Does Deny Flight Still Work? Air Force Times 55:3 July 24 1995.
The downing of Capt. Scott O'Grady's F-16 raises doubts about Deny Flight's effectiveness. Includes some recommendations based on lessons learned from the
shootdown.