Beres, Steven M. and others.  Effects-Based Operations:  The Yom Kippur War Case Study.  Vienna, VA, Evidence Based Research, Inc., 2004.  10 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/papers/190.pdf
Briefing slides at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/presentations/190.pdf
Paper presented at the Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, "The Power of Information Age Concepts and Technologies," San Diego, CA, June 15-17, 2004.
This paper is a case study of American efforts at the height of tension between the superpowers during the Yom Kippur War.  It examines the important aspects of effects-based operations using the DIME construct as a tool for assessment.

Bird, Richard F.  Crisis Response, Complexity and Analysis.  2002.  16 p.
Available online at:  http://www.mors.org/meetings/ebo/ebo_reads/Bird_Response.pdf
Paper presented at the Military Operations Research Society's "Workshop on Analyzing Effects-Based Operations," McLean, VA, January 29-31, 2002.

Brandt, Kevin L. and others.  Joint Force Command & Control:  Synchronization, Adaptation, and Coordination (SAC) Capability for Effects-Based Operations.  Suffolk, VA, MITRE Corporation, 2002.  13 p.
Available online at:  www.dodccrp.org/events/2002_CCRTS/Tracks/pdf/089.PDF
Paper presented at the 7th Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, June 11-13, 2002.

Bryant, Russell E.  Management and Introduction of Technology--An OSD Office of Technology Transition Perspective for Effects Based Support in the New Security Environment.  Washington, Program Executive Office for Integrated Warfare Systems, Office of Technology Transition, Dept. of Defense, 2005.  22 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/10th_ICCRTS/CD/papers/009.pdf
Briefing slides at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/10th_ICCRTS/CD/presentations/009.pdf
Paper presented at the 10th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, "The Future of Command and Control," June 13-16, 2005, McLean, VA.

Bullock, Richard K.  Using Influence Nets to Model a Nation-State.  Pentagon ADM, VA, Air Force Studies and Analyses Agency, January 2002.  6 p.
Available online at:  http://www.mors.org/meetings/ebo/ebo_reads/Bullock.pdf
Paper presented at the Military Operations Research Society's "Workshop on Analyzing Effects-Based Operations," McLean, VA, January 29-31, 2002.

Burns, Carla and Caroli, Joe.  Introduction to Effects Based Operations.  January 8, 2002. 10 slides.  (Information Institute 5th anniversary workshop).
Available online at:  http://www.rl.af.mil/rrs/Info_Inst/docs/briefings_2002/II_WkShop_EBO_Overview_1_08_02.ppt

Byrnes, John.  Background Paper on System Dynamics as a Tool for Effects Based Operations (EBO) Analysis.  2002.  11 p.
Available online at:  http://www.mors.org/meetings/ebo/ebo_reads/Byrne.pdf
Paper presented at the Military Operations Research Society's "Workshop on Analyzing Effects-Based Operations," McLean, VA, January 29-31, 2002.

Caroli, Joseph and others.  Tools for Effects Based Course of Action Development and Assessment.  Rome NY, Air Force Research Laboratory (IFSF), 2004.  15 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/papers/052.pdf
Briefing slides at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/presentations/052.pdf
Paper presented at the Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, "The Power of Information Age Concepts and Technologies," San Diego, CA, June 15-17, 2004.

Carpenter, Michael F.  Evolving to Effects Based Operations.  Hampton, VA, MITRE Corp., 2004.  9 p.  (Draft).
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/9http://www.dodccrp.org/events/9th_ICCRTS/CD/papers/092.pdf
Briefing slides at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/9th_ICCRTS/CD/presentations/8/092.pdf
Paper presented to the 9th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 14-16, 2004.

Choy, Dawen.  Effects-Based Operations:  Obstacles and Opportunities.  Pointer  30, no.2:(5 p) 2004. 
Available online at:  http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/publications/pointer/journals/2004/v30n2/features/feature3.html
"EBO’s biggest attraction, therefore, is that it reminds planners not to get too caught up with equations and spread-sheets, but instead to take a step back and reconsider the strategy-to-task linkages of what they are doing, as well as to dig deeper to find important weaknesses that can be exploited."

Coote, John.  What EBO Concepts and Capabilities Are Emerging from Your Experimentation?  London, UK, Ministry of Defence, 2004. 
24 slides.
Available online at:  http://www.act.nato.int/organization/transformation/cde04presentations/4novebobo/coote.ppt
Briefing presented at the 2004 Concept Development and Experimentation Conference, "Applied Transformation:  Driving Concepts to Capabilities," Calgary, Alberta, Canada, November 3-4, 2004.

Cordesman, Anthony H.  Understanding the New "Effects-Based" Air War in Iraq.  Washington, Center for Strategic and International Studies, March 15, 2003.  9 p.
Available online at:  www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/iraq_airwar[1].pdf
"The US and Britain will fight a new kind of air war in Iraq. It will be designed to paralyze enemy forces, rather than destroy them.  It will seek to bypass or avoid all targets that are not time-sensitive military assets to a regime that will be gone in days or weeks. ...  There are, however, limits to what the US and Britain can do, and the bombing campaign involves a wide range of complex new issues.  The following ten points may help explain what is happening and how to evaluate it."

Crowder, Gary L.  Effects Based Operations Briefing.  DoD News Transcripts, 27 p, March 19, 2003.
Available online at:  http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/2003/t03202003_t0319effects.html
Individual briefing slides are at:  http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Mar2003/g030318-D-9085.html
Briefing slides as a single file can be downloaded at:  http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Mar2003/030318-D-9085-024.pdf
A briefing on the concept of effects based operations presented by the Plans Director for Strategy Concepts and Doctrine at Air Combat Command.

Das, Balaram.  Effects-Based Operations:  Simulations with Cellular Automata.  Edinburgh, South Australia, Australia, Information Sciences Laboratory, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, June 2004.  44 p.  (DSTO-RR-0275).
Available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada426131
Also available online at:  http://www.dsto.defence.gov.au/publications/2677/DSTO-RR-0275.pdf
Although a number of interesting doctrines and a variety of novel strategies for effects-based planning and operations have been put forward, what has been missing is a sound framework to conduct experiments, to put these strategies to test.  A framework to formulate these strategies systematically and conduct ‘what if’ experiments is needed.  The main contribution of this report lies in establishing that cellular automata can provide the tools needed for such experimentation.

DeGregorio, Edward A. and others.  Integrating Effects-Based and Attrition-Based Modeling.  Middletown, RI, Rite-Solutions, Inc., 2004.  20 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/papers/152.pdf
Briefing slides at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/presentations/152.pdf
Paper presented at the Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, "The Power of Information Age Concepts and Technologies," San Diego, CA, June 15-17, 2004.

Denhard, Dave and Umstead, Robert.  Using Hierarchical Modeling to Assist Effects Based Planning and Assessment.  Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2005.  17 p. 
Available online at:  http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/ismor/ISMOR/2005/Denhard.pdf
Individual briefing slides are at:  http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/ismor/ISMOR/2005/Denhard.ppt).
Paper presented at 22nd International Symposium on Military Operational Research, August 29-September 2, 2005.

Denny, David Anthony and Deptula, David A.  Air Force Operations Concept Aims at Success, Not Destruction, March 20, 2003.  March 21, 2003.  7 p.
Available online at:  http://www.usembassy.it/file2003_03/alia/A3032114.htm
In an interview with Washington File staff writer David Anthony Denny on March 7 at his office in Langley Air Force Base, General Deptula sought to give an overview of what constitutes effects-based operations, and then provided specific examples from his experiences in the Gulf War and while commanding the patrolling of northern Iraq in support of U.N. Security Council sanctions during 1998 and 1999.

Deptula, David A.  Effects-Based Operations:  A U.S. Commander's Perspective.  Pointer 31, no.2:13-20 2005.
Available online at:  http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/publications/pointer/journals/2005/v31n2/features/feature2.html
The article provides interesting insights into the application of EBO during the U.S. air campaign in Operation Desert Storm.  LtGen Deptula gives an account on how the air operations were carried out on a combination of stealth and precision with effects-based targeting.

Deptula, David A.  Effects-Based Operations:  Change in the Nature of Warfare.  April 23, 2001.
Available online at:  http://www.connectlive.com/events/afa/
Webcast originally broadcast on April 23, 2001 at the Eaker Breakfast Series sponsored by the Air Force Association and the Aerospace Education Foundation for the release of the print publication of the same title (See in Documents section).

Dubin, Hank.  Directed Energy Technologies:  Tools to Enable Effects-Based Operations.  S.l., s.n., 2005.  12 slides. 
Available online at:  http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/ismor/ISMOR/2005/dubin.ppt
Slide presentation given at the 22nd International Symposium on Military Operational Research, August 29-September 2, 2005.

Duczynski, Guy.  Effects-Based Operations:  A Guide for Practitioners.  Canberra, ACT, Australia, Jacobs Sverdrup Australia, 2004.  26 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/papers/198.pdf
Briefing slides at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/presentation/198.pdf
Paper presented at the Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, "The Power of Information Age Concepts and Technologies," San Diego, CA, June 15-17, 2004.  It was also presented at the 9th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Durkac, Louis M.   Effects-Based Operation Planning:  "Convergent" Course of Action (COA) Development.  Norfolk, VA, Joint Forces Staff College, 2006.  4 p.  (Student paper).
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2006_CCRTS/html/papers/229.pdf
Paper prepared for the 2006 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposiuim, "The State of the Art and the State of the Practice."

Effects Based Operations (EBO) in Urban Combat.  Defense Update:  International Online Defense Magazine  No.1:(2 p)  February 2006. 
Available online at:  http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-06/urban-c4i-4.htm

Effects Based Thinking--EBT.  Millington, TN, Human Resources Branch, Navy Installations Command, 2006.  13 slides. 
Available online at:  http://www.mwr.navy.mil/trainingresources/nuggets/effects_based_thinking.ppt#257,1,Effects Based Thinking - EBT

Evans, Alan and others.  Strategy Development for Effects-Based Planning.  Burlington, MA, ALPHATEC, Inc., 2002.  19 p.
Available online at:  http://www.mors.org/meetings/ebo/ebo_reads/White_Strategy.pdf
Paper presented at the Military Operations Research Society's "Workshop on Analyzing Effects-Based Operations," McLean, VA, January 29-31, 2002.

Fayette, Daniel F.  Effects-Based Operations:  Applications of New Concepts, Tactics, and Software Tools Support the Air Force Vision for Effects-Based Operations.  Rome, NY, Dynamic Command and Control Branch, Information Technology Division, Information Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2001.  5 p.
Available online at:  http://www.afrlhorizons.com/Briefs/June01/IF00015.html

Fitchett, Joseph.  News Analysis:  With New Technology, U.S. Tries Out New Way to Make War.  International Herald Tribune, March 24, 2003.
Available online at:  http://www.uni-muenster.de/PeaCon/global-texte/g-w/n/fitchett-newwar.htm

Fleet, Paul.  Effects-Based Operations:  An Evolutionary Concept Made Practical Only Recently.  North York, Ontario, Canada, Canadian Forces College, 2004.  26 p.  (Student paper).
Available online at:  http://wps.cfc.dnd.ca/papers/csc/csc30/exnh/fleet.pdf

Foghelin, Jan.  RMA, NCW, EBO, Transformation ... "One Damned Thing after Another, What Is Next?"  Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), 2005.  11 p. 
Available online at:  http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/ismor/ISMOR/2005/janfoghelin.doc
Paper presented at 22nd International Symposium on Military Operational Research, August 29-September 2, 2005.

Fowler, Martin and Dobson, Mike.  OA for Effects-Based Operations in the Maritime Domain.  Portsdown, UK, Maritime Warfare Centre, 2005.  31 slides. 
Available online at:  http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/ismor/ISMOR/2005/fowler.ppt
Slide presentation given at the 22nd International Symposium on Military Operational Research, August 29-September 2, 2005.

Gallagher, Mark A. and others.  Input-Output Modeling for Effects Based Operations.  2002.  14 p.  (Draft).
Available online at:  http://www.mors.org/meetings/ebo/ebo_reads/Gallagher_Snodgrass_Ehlers.pdf
Paper presented at the Military Operations Research Society's "Workshop on Analyzing Effects-Based Operations," McLean, VA, January 29-31, 2002.
This paper won the Military Operations Research Society's Rist Prize for 2003.
We discuss the concept of Effects-Based Operations (EBO) and its inherent requirement for analytical modeling to assess the effects of potential actions.  We propose that the input-output model may be used to assess the direct and indirect impact of military operations in an enemy country.  We present the input-output model and demonstrate how it can be used to assess the impacts of a variety of military strategies against a region or nation.

Gleeson, Dennis J. and others.  New Perspectives on Effects-Based Operations:  Annotated Briefing.  Alexandria, VA, Joint Advanced Warfighting Program, Institute for Defense Analyses, June 2001.  51 p.  (IDA document, D-2583).
Available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada395129
This annotated briefing represents the JAWP thinking on metrics for effects-based operations to date, focusing on effects-based operations and the military instrument of national power (in the form of a joint force).  The team addressed four basic questions:  What are effects-based operations?  Why are they so difficult?  Why are they worth doing?  What comes next?

Glenn, Kevin B.  The Challenge of Assessing Effects-Based Operations in Air Warfare.  Air & Space Power Chronicles, (7 p), April 2002.
Available online at:  http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/bookrev/glenn.html

Goodwin, Brent L. and Lee, Laura.  Planning and Assessing Effects Based Operations (EBO). Hampton, VA, SPARTA, Inc., 2005.  15 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/10th_ICCRTS/CD/papers/128.pdf
Briefing slides at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/10th_ICCRTS/CD/presentations/128.pdf
Paper presented at the 10th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, "The Future of Command and Control," June 13-16, 2005, McLean, VA.

Graham, J. D. and Smith-Windsor, B. A.  Effects Based Approach to Coalition Operations:  A Canadian Perspective.  Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, National Defence Headquarters, 2004.  21 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/papers/165.pdf
Briefing slides at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/presentations/165.pdf
Paper presented at the Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, "The Power of Information Age Concepts and Technologies," San Diego, CA, June 15-17, 2004.
"This paper explores the evolving Canadian response to the imperative of an integrated approach to security and defence from the perspective of the Canadian Forces.  It focuses on an emerging vision of an Effects Based Approach to security and defence supported by Enhanced Interoperability, which, if implemented, will likely enhance any future Canadian contributions to a coalition."

Great Britain.  Ministry of Defence.  Delivering Security in a Changing World:  Defence White Paper.  Norwich, UK, Stationery Office, 2003.  21 p.  (CMD 6041-1).
Available online at:  http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/051AF365-0A97-4550-99C0-4D87D7C95DED/0/cm6041I_whitepaper2003.pdf

Great Britain.  Ministry of Defence.  The UK Military Effects-Based Approach.  Swindon, Wiltshire, UK, Joint Doctrine & Concepts Centre, Ministry of Defence, 2005.  14 p.  (Joint doctrine note, 1/05).
Available online at:  www.da.mod.uk/JSCSC/Courses/ESDC/Pre Reading Articles/JDN 1-05 UK Mil Effects Based Approach.pdf

Great Britain.  Parliament.  House of Commons.  Defence Committee.  Defence White Paper 2003:  Government Response to the Committee's Fifth Report of Session 2003-04.  London, Defence Committee, House of Commons, 2004.  20 p.  (HC 1048).
Available online at:  www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmdfence/1048/1048.pdf
Second special report of session 2003-04.

Great Britain.  Parliament.  House of Commons.  Defence Committee.  Defense White Paper 2003; Fifth Report of Session 2003-04, Volume I.  London, Defence Committee, House of Commons, 2004.  70 p.  (HC 465-1).
Available online at:  www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmdfence/465/465.pdf
"The 2003 Defence White Paper, Delivering Security in a Changing World, flows directly from the 1998 Strategic Defence Review and the 2002 New Chapter to the Strategic Defence Review.  At its centre are the concepts of effects-based operations and network-enabled capability.  It signals a shift of focus from platforms and numbers towards effects sought.  It proposes a re-balancing of land forces from heavy-weight towards medium-weight.  But it lacks essential details.  We are disappointed that an important policy document has been presented with little or no information on the relevant procurement decisions, funding questions or likely changes in force structures."

Grossman-Vermaas, Rob.  'Oh What a Tangled Web':  EBO in Theory and Practice.  Ottawa, Canada, Centre for Operational Research and Analysis, DDA/CFEC, 2005.  34 slides. 
Available online at:  http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/ismor/ISMOR/2005/RGV.ppt
Slide presentation given at the 22nd International Symposium on Military Operational Research, August 30, 2005.

Grossman-Vermaas, Robert.  Discourse of Action:  Command, Control, Conflict and the Effects Based Approach.  Ottawa, ON, Canada, Directorate of Defence Analysis, National Defense Headquarters, 2004.  28 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/papers/015.pdf
Briefing slides at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/presentations/015.pdf
Paper presented at the Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, "The Power of Information Age Concepts and Technologies," San Diego, CA, June 15-17, 2004.

Grossman-Vermaas, Robert.  The Effects-Based Concept, MNE 3 and NMOs:  An Experimental Analysis.  Ottawa, Ont., Canada, Operational Research Division, National Defence Headquarters, 2004.  28 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/9th_ICCRTS/CD/papers/172.pdf
Paper also presented at the 9th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, "Coalition Transformation:  An Evolution of People, Processes, and Technology to Enhance Interoperability," Copenhagen, Denmark, September 14-17, 2004.

Guitouni, A. and Wheaton, K.  Military Decision-Making Process and Effect-Based Operations Concepts:  A Comparative Study, Lessons Learned and Implications.  Val-Belair, Quebec, Canada, Defence Research and Development Canada -Valcartier, 2005.  42 slides. 
Available online at:  http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/ismor/ISMOR/2005/guitouni.ppt
Slide presentation given at the 22nd International Symposium on Military Operational Research, August 29-September 2, 2005.

Harris, John T.  Effects-Based Operations:  Tactical Utility.  Fort Leavenworth, KS, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2004.  90 p.
Available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada428961
Thesis, M.M.A.S., 2004.
Thesis research compares the effects-based approach to operations against the current objectives-based approach to operations and suggests that effects-based operations have tactical utility to the US Army.

Hayes, Richard and Iwanski, Sue.  Analyzing Effects Based Operations (EBO) Workshop Summary.  Phalanx  35:1+  March 2002.
Available online at:  http://www.mors.org/publications/phalanx/mar02/lead.htm
This article summarizes the purpose, findings and recommendations of the Military Operations Research Society's "Workshop on Analyzing Effects-Based Operations," McLean, VA, January 29-31, 2002.  A detailed report of the workshop is included in this bibliography under Military Operations Research Society (this section).

Henningsen, Jacqueline.  A Dialogue on Analyzing Effects Based Operations (EBO)  Phalanx  35:(8 p) March 2002.
Available online at:  http://www.mors.org/publications/reports/2002-Analyzing_Effects_Based_Operations.pdf  (see appendix C-1 (p 159)).

Ho, Joshua.  The Advent of a New Way of War:  Theory and Practice of Effects Based Operations.  Singapore, Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, December 2003.  26 p.  (IDSS working paper series, no. 57).
Available online at:  http://www.idss.edu.sg/publications/WorkingPapers/WP57.PDF

Ho, Joshua.  Effects-Based Operations Equals to "Shock And Awe"?  Pointer  30, no.2:(5 p) 2004.
Available online at:  http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/publications/pointer/journals/2004/v30n2/features/feature7.html

Ho, Joshua.  Effects-Based Operations:  The Dimensions of Effects-Based Operations:  A View from Singapore.  Australian Army Journal  2:99-106  Winter 2004.
Available online at:  http://www.defence.gov.au/army/lwsc/AbstractsOnline/AAJournal/2004_W/AAJ_Winter_2004_08.pdf

Hutchins, Susan G. and others.  Knowledge Management and Collaboration in an Effects-Based Operations Environment.  Monterey, CA, Graduate School of Operations and Information Science, Naval Postgraduate School, May 1, 2002.  15 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2002_CCRTS/Tracks/pdf/110.PDF
Paper presented at the 7th Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, June 11-13, 2002.

IWS - The Information Warfare Site.  2005.
Available online at:  http://www.iwar.org.uk/rma/
The Information Warfare Site is an online resource that aims to stimulate debate about a range of subjects from information security to information operations and e-commerce.  This link is to the Revolution in Military Affairs & C4I category.

James, Ron and Daniels, Troy.  Effects Based Operations (EDO) Endstate.  Burlington, MA, BAE Systems, 2005.  97 p.
Available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada436191

Jeffery, Kira and Herslow, Robert.  Effects-Driven, Capabilities-Based Planning for Operations. 
Available online at:  http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/ismor/ISMOR/2005/kirajeffery.doc
Paper presented at 22nd International Symposium on Military Operational Research, August 29-September 2, 2005.

Jones, Philip.  Development of UK EBO Analysis:  The Big Picture.  Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK, Dstl Policy and Capabilities Studies, 2005.  26 slides. 
Available online at:  http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/ismor/ISMOR/2005/Jones.ppt
Slide presentation given at the 22nd International Symposium on Military Operational Research, August 29-September 2, 2005.

Kaplan, Brad and Fields, Dave.  Operational Net Assessment, Centers of Gravity, and Lines of Operation:  Merging Existing and Emerging Doctrine.  Campaigning  No.1:21-26  Winter 2006. 
Available online at:  http://www.jfsc.ndu.edu/schools_programs/jaws/Publications/Campaigning_Journal_1-Jan-2006.pdf

Kemple, William G. and others.  Effects-Based Planning:  An Empirical Examination of the Process.  Monterey, CA, Graduate School of Operations and Information Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, May 2002.  16 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2002_CCRTS/Tracks/pdf/111.PDF
Paper presented at the 7th Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, June 11-13, 2002.
Focusing on effects, rather than attrition, enables a highly coordinated level of inter-service, interagency, and international cooperation.  An experiment was conducted to examine aspects of EBO, and to specifically assess and refine the effects-based planning process.  This paper describes the results of a survey on the effects-based planning and assessment process, and is a companion paper to two other papers that discuss results of the other two surveys that were administered.

Kessler, Graham.  Effects-Based Operations.  Norfolk, VA, Joint Experimentation, United States Joint Forces Command, 2002.  17 p.
Available online at:  http://www.mors.org/meetings/ebo/ebo_reads/Kessler.pdf
33 slide briefing presented at the Military Operations Research Society's Workshop on Analyzing Effects-Based Operations, McLean, Virginia, January 29-31, 2002.

Kolding, Jim.  A Tradesman's View of EBC/EBO.  S.l., Boeing Co., 2005.  13 slides. 
Available online at:  http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/ismor/ISMOR/2005/kolding.ppt
Slide presentation given at the 22nd International Symposium on Military Operational Research, August 29-September 2, 2005.

Lee, David B. and Kupersmith, Douglas.  Effects Based Operations:  Objectives to Metrics Methodology--An Example.  S.l., Emergent Information Technologies, Inc., 2002.  17 p.
Available online at:  http://www.mors.org/meetings/ebo/ebo_reads/LeeKupersmith.pdf
Paper presented at the Military Operations Research Society's "Workshop on Analyzing Effects-Based Operations," Vienna, VA, January 29-31, 2002.

Leedom, Dennis K. and Eggleston, Robert G.  The Simulation of Sensemaking and Knowledge Management within a Joint Effects-Based Planning System.  Vienna, VA, Evidence Based Research, Inc., 2005.  20 p. 
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/10th_ICCRTS/CD/papers/040.pdf
Paper presented at the 10th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, "The Future of Command and Control,"  June 13-16, 2005, McLean, VA.
This paper describes key aspects of research funded by the US Air Force Research Laboratory to develop a working simulation model of an effects-based targeting process as it might be reflected in a future coalition task force headquarters and subordinate component command headquarters.

Lindberg, J.  Effects Based Operations.  Fighter Tactics Academy, September 18, 2004.
Available online at:  http://www.sci.fi/~fta/EBO.htm
Links to various sites, government and otherwise, providing information on EBO.

Ling, Michael F.  Nonlocality, Nonlinearity and Complexity:  On the Mathematics of Modelling NCW and EBO.  Victoria, Australia, Defence Systems Analysis Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, 2005.  10 p. 
Available online at:  http://www.dsto.defence.gov.au/attachments/22ISMOR_Ling_Paper.pdf
Briefing slides available at:  http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/ismor/ISMOR/2005/Ling.ppt
Paper presented at 22nd International Symposium on Military Operational Research, August 29-September 2, 2005.

Lowe, Donald and Ng, Simon.  Effects-Based Operations:  Language Meaning and the Effects-Based Approach.  Canberra, ACT, Australia, Defense Science and Technology Organisation, Dept. of Defense, 2004.  9 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/papers/207.pdf
Briefing slides available at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2004_CCRTS/CD/presentations/207.pdf
Paper presented at the 2004 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, "The Power of Information Age Concepts and Technologies."

McCrabb, Maris.  Effects-Based Coalition Operations:  Belief, Framing and Mechanism.  Yorktown, VA, DMM Ventures, 2002.  13 p.
Available online at:  http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coalition/ksco/ksco-2002/pdf-parts/S-ksco-2002-paper-02-mccrabb.pdf
Paper presented at KSCO 2002, the 2nd International Conference on Knowledge Systems for Coalition Operations, Toulouse, France, April 23-24, 2002.  A 12-slide PowerPoint presentation is also available at:  http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/ksco/ksco-2002/presentations/mccrabb-ksco-2002.ppt.

McCrabb, Maris.  Effects-Based Operations:  An Overview.  52 slides.
Available online at:  http://www.dtic.mil/jointvision/ideas_concepts/ebo.ppt

McCrabb, Maris.  Explaining "Effects":  A Theory for an Effects-Based Approach to Planning, Executing and Assessing Operations.  Ver. 2.0.  August 7, 2001.  46 p.
Available online at:  http://www.dtic.mil/jointvision/ideas_concepts/ebo.doc

McCrabb, Maris.  Incorporating Effects-Based Operations into Military Operations.  Yorktown, VA, DMM Ventures, Inc., June 2005.  70 p.
Available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada436184

McCrabb, Maris and Caroli, Joseph A.  Behavioral Modeling and Wargaming for Effects-Based Operations.  Yorktown, VA, DMM Ventures, Inc., 2002.  20 p.
Available online at:  http://www.mors.org/meetings/ebo/ebo_reads/McCrabb_Caroli.pdf
Paper presented at the Military Operations Research Society's "Workshop on Analyzing Effects-Based Operations," McLean, VA, January 29-31, 2002.

Books

Celeski, Joseph D.  Operationalizing COIN.  Hurlburt Field, FL, JSOU Press, 2005.  113 p.  (JSOU report, 05-2).
Effects-Based Campaigning in COIN, pp 54-55.
Book call no.:  355.0218  C392o

Davis, Paul K.  Effects-Based Operations:  A Grand Challenge for the Analytical Community.  Santa Monica, CA, RAND Corp., 2001.  95 p. (RAND report, MR-1477)
Also available online at:  http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1477/
And also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada399269
Book call no.:  355.683  D263e

Davis, Paul K. and Jenkins, Brian Michael.  Deterrence & Influence in Counterterrorism:  A Component in the War on Al Qaeda.  Santa Monica, CA, RAND Corp., 2002.  86 p.
Adapting the Constructs of Effects-Based Planning, pp 73-75.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada409007
And also available online at:  http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1619/MR1619.pdf
Book call no.:  363.32  D263d

Effects Based Warfare, edited by Christopher Finn.  Wiltshire, England, Defence Studies, Joint Doctrine and Concepts Centre, Royal Air Force, 2004.  122 p.
Book call no.:  355.4  E27

Endersby, Gary and Fulbright, Barry.  Effects-Based Airpower.  Maxwell AFB, AL, CADRE, 1998.  14 p.  (Way points)
Article originally appeared in the winter 1998 issue of Airpower Journal.  On the website, the article is the second of three.
Also available online at:  http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj98/win98/waywin98.html
Book call no.:  358.4140973  E56e

English, Allan D. and others.  The Operational Art:  Canadian Perspectives:  Context and Concepts.  Kingston, Ont., Canada, Canadian Defence Academy Press, 2005.  380 p. 
Effects Based Operations:  Buzzword or Blueprint?, by Craig King, pp 313-330.
Book call no.:  355.020971  O61

Globalization and Maritime Power, edited by Sam J. Tangredi.  Washington, National Defense University Press, 2002.  613 p.
From Effects-Based Operations to Effects-Based Deterrence:  Military Planning and Globalization, by Edward A. Smith, Jr., pp 309-335.
A discussion of the rules of EBO can be found on pp 317-325.
Book call no.:  359.03  G562

Jeffcoat, David.  Winning with Australian Air Power in Diverse Cultures:  Relating National Culture to Air Power Doctrine, Interoperability and Effects-Based Operations.  Fairburn, ACT, Australia, RAAF Aerospace Centre, 2004.  110 p.
Book call no.:  358.403  J45w

Jobbagy, Z.  Literature Survey on Effects-Based Operations:  A Ph.D. Study on Measuring Military Effects and Effectiveness.  The Hague, Netherlands, TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory, 2003.  213 p.  (TNO report, FEL-03-B140)
Also available online at:  http://www.iwar.org.uk/rma/resources/ebo/Literature_survey_on_Effects-Based_Operations.pdf
Book call no.:  355.0335  J11L

Johnson, Daniel R.  Enabling Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Effects for Effects-Based Operations Conditions.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air University Press, 2005.  35 p.  (Maxwell paper, no. 34)
Also available online at:  http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/maxwell/mp34.pdf
Book call no.:  355.42  J68e

Kumashiro, David J.  Microsoft, Al Jazeera, and the Predator:  The Challenge of Effects-Based Operations in the Global War on Terrorism.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air University Press, 2005.  27 p.  (Wright flyer paper, no. 21).
Also available online at:  http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/aupress/Wright%5FFlyers/Text/wf21.pdf
Book call no.:  355.02  K96m

Levis, Alexander H.  Adaptive Architectures for Effects Based Operations.  Fairfax, VA, System Architectures Laboratory, George Mason University, 2006.  117 p.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada452137
Book call no.:  363.325164  L666a

Mann, Edward C. and others.  Thinking Effects:  Effects-Based Methodology for Joint Operations.  Maxwell Air Force Base, AL, Air University Press, 2002.  99 p.  (CADRE paper,  no. 15)
Also available online at:  https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2002/cadre/mann.pdf
And also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada408452
Book call no.:  355.46  M281t

Pacey, Brice.  National Effects-Based Approach:  A Policy Discussion Paper.  Canberra, Australia, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, 2003.  20 p.  (Working paper, no. 381)
Growing strategic uncertainty and complexity, together with recent operational experience, have reinforced the need for Australia to adopt more inclusive and intellectually rigorous ways of planning for national security if the strategic surprises of recent years are to be avoided in the future.  The aim of this paper is to recommend improvements in the quality and timeliness of national security advice to the Prime Minister and Cabinet through stronger national security staffing arrangements and measures to strengthen the development of whole-of-government national security policy.
Book call no.:  355.0330994  P115n

Pirnie, Bruce and Gardiner, Sam B.  An Objectives-Based Approach to Military Campaign Analysis.  Santa Monica, CA, National Defense Research Institute, RAND Corp., 1996.  111 p.  (RAND report, MR-656-JS).
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada314485
Book call no.:  355.48  P669o

Reynolds, Byron.  Postmodern Tactical Air Intelligence.  Tuggeranong, ACT, Air Power Development Centre, Royal Australian Air Force, 2006.  102 p. 
Book call no.:  358.434  R462p

Sakulich, Timothy J.  Precision Engagement at the Strategic Level of War:  Guiding Promise or Wishful Thinking?  Maxwell Air Force Base, AL, Center for Strategy and Technology, Air War College, Air University, 2001.  52 p.  (Occasional paper, no. 25)
"This paper cautions against using the term "precision" in ways that imply congruency between technology and war, and recommends that doctrine clearly differentiate technical exactness from strategic correctness.  It concludes that effect-based approaches can foreclose adversary option sets with far more reliability than compelling specific, predetermined behaviors, and it emphasizes the need to ensure that adaptation remains a fundamental feature of any effects-based concept."
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada407716
Book call no.:  358.414  S158p

Smith, Edward Allen, Jr.  Effects Based Operations:  Applying Network Centric Warfare in Peace, Crisis, and War.  Washington, DOD-CCRP, 2002.  558 p.  (Information age transformation series)
Effects-based operations (EBO) are defined here as operations conceived and planned in a systems framework that considers the full range of direct, indirect, and cascading effects--effects that may, with different degrees of probability, be achieved by the applilcation of military, diplomatic, psychological, and economic instruments.
Also available online at:  http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Smith_EBO.PDF
Book call no.:  355.033573  S646e

Stephens, Alan.  The End of Strategy:  Effects-Based Operations.  Canberra, Australia, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, 2003.  22 p.  (Working paper, no. 383)
"The concept of Effects-Based Operations represents a philosophical response to this problem.  Unlike the so-called Revolution in Military Affairs and Network-Centric Warfare, which respectively have been one-dimensional (technology without doctrine) and strategically insufficient (a mere enabling mechanism), EBO establishes a logic-flow between Ends, Ways and Means at all levels of strategic thinking.  Consequently, it has the potential not only to strengthen the existing model, but also to expand it into a whole-of-nation approach to security.  EBO can reinvigorate the West’s greatest asymmetric advantage and represents a rare opportunity for those few nations capable of mastering it."
Book call no.:  358.4148  S832e

Tomme, Edward B.  The Paradigm Shift to Effects-Based Space:  Near-Space as a Combat Space Effects Enabler.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Airpower Research Institute, College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research and Education, Air University, 2005.  70 p.  (Research paper, 2005-01).
Also available online at:  http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cadre/ari_2005-01.pdf
Book call no.:  358.8 T661p

Transformation Concepts for National Security in the 21st Century, edited by Williamson Murray.  Carlisle Barracks, PA, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2002.  408 p.
Effects-Based Operations:  The End of Dominant Maneuver?, by Gary H. Cheek, pp 73-100.
Effects-Based Operations:  A New Operational Model?, by Allen W. Batschelet, pp 101-132.
Effects-Based Operations:  Theory, Application, and the Role of Airpower, by Brett T. Williams, pp 133-166.
Also available online at:  http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?PubID=252
And also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada407936
Book call no.:  355.033073  A741  2002

United States.  Dept. of Defense.  Office of Force Transformation.  Military Transformation:  A Strategic Approach.  Washington, Director, Force Transformation, Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2003.  36 p.
Also available online at:  http://www.oft.osd.mil/library/library_files/document_297_MT_StrategyDoc1.pdf
Book call no.:  355.30973  M644

Waller, J. W.  Effects-Based Operations and the Royal Australian Air Force.  Fairbairn, ACT, Australia, Aerospace Centre, 2003.  36 p.  (Paper, no.11)
Also available online at:  http://www.defence.gov.au/Raaf/airpower/html/publications/papers/apdc/apdc_11_Effects-based_operations.pdf
Book call no.:  358.414  W198e

Documents

Some of the documents cited in this section are student papers written to fulfill PME school requirements.

Admiral, Kevin D.  Effects-Based Operations:  Enhancing Operational Art & Design in the 21st Century.  Norfolk, VA, Joint Advanced Warfighting School, Joint Forces Staff College, National Defense University, 2005.  81 p. 
Thesis (M.S.)--Joint Forces Staff College, 2005.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA436609
Doc. call no.:  M-U  36185-37  A238e

Ahmann, Patrick N.  Bombing for Effect:  The Best Use of Airpower in War.  Fort Leavenworth, KS, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2004.  65 p.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA428549
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42022  A286b

Barksdale, Carl A.  The Network Centric Operations--Effects Based Operations Marriage:  Can It Enable Prediction of "Higher Order" Effects on the Will of the Adversary?  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 2002.  1 vol.  (Student paper)
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA405867
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  B256n

Barry, Robert F.  Effects-Based Operations:  A New Method of Warfare?  Carlisle Barracks, PA, U.S. Army War College, 2003.  24 p.  (USAWC strategy research project)
Doc. call no.:  M-U  39080-537  B281e

Batschelet, Allen W.  Effects-Based Operations:  A New Operational Model?  Carlisle Barracks, PA, U.S. Army War College, 2002.  28 p. (USAWC strategy research project)
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA404406
Doc. call no.:  M-U  39080-537  B334e

Beagle, T. W., Jr.  Effects-Based Targeting:  Another Empty Promise?  Maxwell AFB, AL, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, June 2000.  117 p.
This study defines effects-based targeting, asserting that commanders should direct airpower against targets in ways that produce specific, predetermined, military and political effects.  The study explores the historical development of effects-based targeting theory and then conducts a focused comparison of four major air operations-Pointblank, Linebacker II, Desert Storm, and Allied Force-in order to survey US airpower's actual combat experience with regard to effects-based operations.
Also available online at:  https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2000/saas/beagle.pdf
And also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada391749
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43998-1  B365e

Beagle, T. W., Jr.  Effects-Based Targeting:  Another Empty Promise?  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air University Press, 2001.  98 p.
Thesis, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Air University.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA407085
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43998-1a  B365e

Bowman, Christopher W.  Operational Assessment:  The Achilles Heel of Effects-Based Operations?  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 2002.  27 p.
Assessing effects in war with clarity has not been possible in the past and is unlikely to succeed in the future with the current joint focus on technological solutions.  To overcome this assessment 'shortcoming,' operational commanders must begin to leverage EBO's potential by designing campaigns that account for both the capabilities and limitations of the operational assessment process.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA405868
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  B787o

Bryant, Corban Harrell.  Robust Planning for Effects-Based Operations.  Cambridge, MA, Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, 2006.  176 p. 
Thesis (M.S.)--Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada452230
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43567-1019

Burkett, Wendy H.  Assessing the Results of Effects-Based Operations (EBO):  The Relationship Between Effects-Based Operations and the Psychological Dimension of Warfare.  Carlisle Barracks, PA, U.S. Army War College, 2003.  34 p.  (USAWC strategy research project)
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA414951
Doc. call no.:  M-U  39080-537  B9593a

Carter, Michael E.  Islamic Terrorism in Southeast Asia:  An Effects-Based U.S. Regional Strategy Against Jemaah Islamiyah and Abu Sayyaf.  Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, 2005.  61 p.  (Monograph).
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA437439
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42022-2  C3241i

Castellano, Francis X.  Effects-Based Command and Control:  An Alternative Organizational Structure for the Joint Force Commander.  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 2003.  19 p.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415388
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  C348e

Cheek, Gary H.  Effects-Based Operations:  The End of Dominant Maneuver?  Carlisle Barracks, PA, U.S. Army War College, 2002.  24 p.  (USAWC strategy research project)
Investigates the theoretical and historical foundations of emerging effects-based operations concepts to determine the validity of such operations and the consequent implications for dominant ground maneuver.  Assesses effects-based thinking and contrasts tactical and strategic environments that might encompass such thinking.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401019
Doc. call no.:  M-U  39080-537  C5151e

Cohen, Paul R.  Effects Based Operations (EBO).  Rome, NY, Rome Research Site, Information Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2005.  53 p.  (AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2005-322).
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA439840
Doc. call no.:  M-U  44289-13  2005  no.322

Cole, Kevin J.  "Effecting" Peace:  Effects-Based Targeting for Peace Enforcement Operations.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, 2000.  32 p.
Purpose of the research was to determine (1) if effects-based targeting is being used for peace enforcement operations and, if so (2) to what extent.
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43122  C6895s

Davidson, Michael L.  Culture and Effects-Based Operations in an Insurgency.  Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, 2005.  55 p.  (Monograph).
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA437568
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42022-2  D253c

Deptula, David A.  Effects-Based Operations:  Change in the Nature of Warfare.  Arlington, VA, Aerospace Education Foundation, 2001.  33 p.  (Defense and airpower series)
This essay updates an earlier work "Firing for Effect:  Change in the Nature of Warfare," 1995.
Also available online at:  http://www.aef.org/pub/psbook.pdf
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42863-4a

Donnelly, Justin and Olin, Karen.  Strategy Templates for Effects Based Operations.  Rome, NY, Rome Research Site, Information Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2003.  19 p.  (AFRL-IF-RS-TR (Air Force Research Laboratory (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio)
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA418685
Doc. call no.:  M-U  44289-13  2003  no.213

Ebel, Todd J.  Heating up the Argument:  A Look at Friction and the Soundness of the Rapid Decisive Operations (RDO) Concept.  Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2003.  70 p.  (A monograph)
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA419848
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42022-2  E15h

Ellsworth, James B.  Refocusing the All-Seeing Eye:  Intelligence Support to Effects-Based Operations.  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 2003.  20 p.  (Student paper)
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  E471r

Farrow, David S.  Dropping Bombs and Bread in Parallel:  The Effects-Based Food Drops of Operation Enduring Freedom.  Maxwell AFB, AL, School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, Air University, 2004.  110 p.  (Student thesis).
Also available online at:  https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2004/saas/Farrow.pdf
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43998-1  F246d

Foster, H. A.  Organizing for Effect:  Assessing the Institutional Machinery Needed to Effectively Conduct Effects-Based Operations.  Quantico, VA, United States Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2002.  57 p.
"This paper assesses the current state of joint organizational readiness to conduct Effects-based Operations (EBO).  At the strategic level, the paper assesses the readiness of the national intelligence infrastructure to provide the 'deeper understanding of the enemy' that the EBO concept envisions.  It also examines proposed reforms of the National Security Council interagency process and assesses the regional commanders-in-chiefs (CINCs) ability to influence the coordination of the DIME instruments of power at the national level."
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA404916
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41886-71  F755o

Fox, Scott M.  Relationships Between Space and Information Operations:  A Focus on the Effects.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, 2001.  36 p.
This paper addresses the overlap in the definition of counterspace and counterinformation operations, reviews the doctrinal definitions, and then uses an effects-based methodology to address the overlap between space and information operations. It uses case studies from Operations DESERT STORM and ALLIED FORCE
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43122  F794r

Frisbee, Sean M.  Lead Warfighters and Innovations:  Collaborative Methods of Filling Capability Gaps.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, 2003.  54 p.
This paper explores the methods used by the Air Force acquisition community during combat operations to fill capability gaps and deficiencies in warfighting capability with a specific concentration on developing and employing immature systems via the rapid response process (RRP).  New concepts, such as effects-based operations (EBO) and evolutionary acquisition have the potential to enhance the acquisition professional's ability to support the warfighter during times of conflict.
Also available online at:  https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2003/acsc/03-1798.pdf
And also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada424889
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43122  F917L

Garraghty, Van.  Social Systems Analysis:  The Future of Operational Intelligence?  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 2003.  21 p.  (Student paper)
The critical patterns and trends that underlie adversary systems can be modeled.  The challenge is to segregate subjective analysis from facts.  A well-designed model that does so may provide the JFC with the ability to visualize the otherwise abstract idea of effects-based operations.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA417225
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  G238s

Hall, David B.  Transforming How We Fight Through Effects Based Operations & Non-Lethal Capabilities.  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 2004.  33 p.  (Student paper)
Effects-based operations, with its focus on strategic effects vice physical destruction, combined with current and emerging non-lethal technologies with their temporary and reversible effects, provide an effective operational construct for meeting emerging threats head-on while also coinciding with American demands for quick victory and minimal collateral damage.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA426021
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  H175t

Hansbarger, Thomas D.  Effects-Based Targeting:  Application in Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom.  Fort Leavenworth, KS, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2004.  58 p.  (Thesis)
The United States military must be able to apply effects-based targeting to capitalize on improved capabilities in operational fires and application of national resources against a dynamic, adapting enemy.  This evolving method of conducting operations focuses on creating specific effects rather than focusing on military objectives. Currently, there are many different opinions within the military on the definition, application, and feasibility of effects-based targeting.  This thesis defines and identifies effects-based concepts and analyzes their application during Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA428905
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42022  H2492e

Heaney, Thomas A., Jr.  Battle Command and Network Centric Warfare:  Putting First Things First.  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 2001.  29 p.  (Student paper)
Network-Centric Operations shifts the operational paradigm from platform-centric to effects-based operations, by linking geographically dispersed warfighters through a common operational picture to overwhelm potential adversaries.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada393569
Doc. call no.:  M-U 41662  H434b

Holl, Michael W.  Aerospace Power's Contribution to Humanitarian Assistance Missions:  Redefining Effects-Based Operations.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, 2001.  50 p.  (Research report)
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA407254
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43122 H733a

Horner, John P.  Fire Support Coordination Measures by the Numbers.  Maxwell AFB, AL, School of Advanced Airpower Studies,  1999.  76 p.  (Thesis)
This thesis examines use and placement of the Fire Support Coordination Line (FSCL).  Research suggests that an effects-based analysis of the various fires supplied by the land and air components offers an appropriate means to determine FSCL location.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada391805
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43998-1  H816f

Horowitz, Mark D.  ROE:  Are We Falling Victim to the Enemy's Effects Based Operations?  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 2004.  24 p.  (Student paper)
Discusses the "post-conflict phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom" in terms of rules of engagement and the insurgents' effects based operations.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA422829
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  H816r

James, Ron and Daniels, Troy.  Effects Based Operations (EDO) Endstate.  Rome, NY, Rome Research Site, Information Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2005.  97 p.  (AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2005-240).
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA436191
Doc. call no.:  M-U  44289-13  2005  no.240

Keeter, Robb and Parnell, Greg.  Applying Value-Focused Thinking to Effects Based Operations.  West Point, NY, Operations Research Center of Excellence, Dept. of Systems Engineering, United States Military Academy, 2005.  21 p.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA438165
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42614-17  no.0520

Knouse, Edgar M.  Effects-Based Targeting and Operational Art in the 21st Century.  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 1999.  21 p.  (Student paper)
This paper addresses operational scenarios and time-space-force factors which the operational commander currently faces, or may face in the future, and develops a doctrinal template that will support the integration of EBT in operational planning and employment.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada363060
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  K72e

Kreighbaum, Jay M.  Force Application Planning:  A Systems-and-Effects-Based Approach.  Maxwell AFB, AL, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, 1998.  130 p.  (Thesis)
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA391343
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43998-1  K92f

Kreighbaum, Jay M.  Force Application Planning:  A Systems and Effects Based Approach.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air University Press, 2004.  115 p.
Thesis, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Air University, 1998.
This study explores how current force application (FA) planning methodologies can be changed or supplemented to provide better linkage between objectives, effects, and targets in order to achieve more effective applications of military force.
Also available online at:  http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/aupress/SAAS_Theses/Kreighbaum/kreighbaum.pdf
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43998-1a  K92f

Kumashiro, David J.  Microsoft, Al Jazeera, and the Predator:  The Challenge of Effects-Based Operations in the Global War on Terrorism.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, 2005.  29 p.  (Research report).
Also available online at:  https://research.au.af.mil/papers/ay2005/acsc/4812%20-%20Kumashiro.pdf
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43122  K967m

Lindstrom, Magnus.  The Use of Effects Based Operations in Asymmetric Conflicts.  Fort Leavenworth, KS, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2004.  89 p.  (Thesis)
Criticism of EBO is focused on three areas:  (1) the possibility to predict indirect effects, particularly concerning the will of a population and the decisions leaders make; (2) there is no explanation of how the different national powers are supposed to work together in order to achieve a common goal; and most importantly, (3) the lack of substantive methodology used to reach the ultimate goal of EBO -- behavioral change of the adversary.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA428912
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42022  L753u

Matthews, Patrick S.  Mission Planning Requirements for Advanced Weapons Employment.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, 2002.  29 p.  (Research report)
There is a communication disconnect between the operational and tactical levels of planning within the air tasking cycle.  The problem restricts our ability to plan and execute effects based targeting by complicating the mission-planning task for the tactical-level planner.
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43122  M4411m

Miller, Charles B.  Enhancing the Strategic Application of Effects-Based Operations Concepts.  Carlisle Barracks, PA, U.S. Army War College, 2002.  30 p.  (USAWC strategy research project)
This paper examines how effects-based operations can provide the critical common frame of reference that will enable effective integration of our national elements of power.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA400767
Doc. call no.:  M-U  39080-537  M647e

Planeaux, James B.  Beyond the Task Force CONOPS:  The Path to a Capabilities-Based Modernization Framework for the Air Force.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air War College, Air University, 2003.  149 p.  (Research report)
Also available online at:  https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2003/awc/Planeaux.pdf
And also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA424623
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43117  P712b

Polumbo, H. D., Jr.  Effects-Based Air Campaign Planning:  The Diplomatic Way to Solve Airpower's Role in the 21st Century.  Colorado Springs, CO, Institute for National Security Studies, USAF Academy, 2000.  57 p.
The author argues that the US did not use its significant advantage efficiently and effectively during Operation Allied Force (OAF).  In OAF the strategy was target-centric and incremental instead of effects-based and parallel.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada393910
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42252-91  P779e

Richoux, Lenny J.  Effects-Based Airlift.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, 2003.  38 p.  (Research report)
This report examine the past, present, and future of airlift effectiveness, answering these questions:  (1) what makes airlift effective, and (2) how can Effects-Based Operations (EBO) contribute to its future effectiveness.
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43122  R533e

Rickerman, Leonard D.  Effects-Based Operations:  A New Way of Thinking and Fighting.  Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2003.  44 p.  (Monograph)
This paper analyzes Effects-Based Operations as the most effective way to frame future joint operations in a complex, uncertain environment.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA416050
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42022-2  R539e

Riza, M. Shane.  The Operational and Tactical Nexus:  Small Steps Toward Seamless Effects Based Operations.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, 2005.  31 p.  (Research report)
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada449086
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43122  R627o

Rizer, Scott W.  Maneuver and Effect:  The Need for Chutes and Ladders Command and Control.  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 2003.  24 p.  (Student paper)
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415430
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  R627m

Sakulich, Timothy J.  Precision Engagement at the Strategic Level of War:  Guiding Promise or Wishful Thinking?  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air University, 2001.  69 p.  (Air Force fellows program).
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada407716
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42252-91  S158p

Santicola, Henry J.  Centralized Control--Decentralized Execution:  A Valid Tenet of Airpower.  Carlisle Barracks, PA, U.S. Army War College, 2005.  26 p.  (USAWC strategy research project).
Thesis (M.S.S.)--United States Army War College, 2005.
"The tenets of centralized control and decentralized execution have recently come under fire due to emerging transformational concepts such as Network Centric Warfare (NCW) and Effects Based Operations (EBO).....  Even in the face of emerging joint operations concepts, centralized control and decentralized execution remains a valid tenet for the organization and employment of airpower."
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA434411
Doc. call no.:  M-U  39080-537  S235c

Saunders, Clayton D.  Al Qaeda:  An Example of Network-Centric Operations.  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 2002.  20 p.  (Student paper)
Al Qaeda, by the way it uses information technology has, in effect, become a network-centric organization. Although it is a very different organization than the U.S. military, or more specifically, the Commander-in-Chief (CINC) of a regional unified military command, an examination of Al Qaeda's structure and operations may yield useful examples of network-centric theory put into practice.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401158
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  S2571a

Silvia, J. Dave.  Synchronization of Air Power Effects:  Coming Full Circle Following a Century of Powered Flight.  Newport, RI, Joint Military Operations Dept., Naval War College, 2002.  31 p.  (Student paper)
This paper summarizes air power theory, reviews what effects-based operations mean and present the constructs Effects Wheel and Effects Vine as tools for planners, executors, and combat assessment personnel to exploit effects-based operations in future planning efforts.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA410940
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  S587s

Steblin, Mark E.  Targeting for Effect:  Is There an Iceberg Ahead?  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air War College, Air University, 1997.  77 p.  (Research report)
This paper summarizes the current literature on controlling an enemy through an effects-based airpower strategy.
Also available online at:  https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay1997/awc/97-184.pdf
And also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada399191
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43117  S911t

Timmerman, Thomas J.  Assessing Effects-Based Operations Crucial Feedback for the Air Component Commander.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, 2003.  53 p.
Effects-Based Operations depend on two things -- smart operational objectives that accomplish the desired political goals, and feedback on the progress toward achieving those objectives.
Also available online at:  https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2003/acsc/03-1363.pdf
And also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada424960
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43122  T5841a

True, Wesley D., Jr.  Implementing Effects Based Operations at the Combatant Commands and Joint Task Forces:  Should We?  Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2004.  20 p.  (Student paper).
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41662  T8661i

Uchida, Ted T.  Analysis of Effects-Based Operations:  The Road Ahead to Doing Business Differently.  S.l., Research and Technology Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 2003.  30 p.  (RTO meeting proceedings, 117-P4)
This paper provides a definition and brief discussion of EBO before focusing on its main area:  EBO Wargaming, Experimentation, and Exercises.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA425307
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41723-104  no.117-P4

Umstead, Robert K. and Denhard, David.  Effects-Based Decision Making in the War on Terror.  Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, Air Force Institute of Technology, Air University, 2005.  62 p.  (Graduate research project).
Thesis (M.O.S.)--Air Force Institute of Technology, 2005.
"This project investigates two such techniques:  Network flows and risk analysis to identify nodes of influence (centers of gravity) and courses of action (sets of actions).  Applications of these techniques span the entire spectrum of military operations, but are particularly suited to the war on terrorism."
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA435165
Doc. call no.:  M-U  39567-5  U53e

United States.  Defense Science Board.  Task Force on Discriminate Use of Force.  Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Discriminate Use of Force.  Washington, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, 2003.  28 p.
Also available online at:  http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/duf.pdf
Doc. call no.:  M-U  40607-164

United States.  General Accounting Office.  Kosovo Air Operations:  Need to Maintain Alliance Cohesion Results in Doctrinal Departures.  Washington, U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.  32 p.  (GAO-01-784)
Also available online at:  http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d01784.pdf
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41026-173  no.01-784

United States.  General Accounting Office.  Military Operations:  Recent Campaigns Benefited from Improved Communications and Technology, but Barriers to Continued Progress Remain.  Washington, U.S. General Accounting Office, 2004.  49 p.  (GAO-04-547)
Also available online at:  http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04547.pdf
Doc. call no.:  M-U  41026-173  no.04-547

United States.  Joint Chiefs of Staff.  Joint Doctrine for Targeting.  Washington, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 2002.  1 vol.  (Joint Pub 3-60).
Also available online at:  http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/new_pubs/jp3_60.pdf
Doc. call no.:  M-U  40592  no.3-60

United States.  Joint Forces Command.  Joint Warfighting Center.  Doctrine and Education Group.  Operational Implications of Effects-Based Operations (EBO).  Suffolk, VA, Joint Warfighting Center, United States Joint Forces Command, November 2004.  34 p.  (JWFC doctrine pamphlet, 7)
Superseded by Commander's Handbook for an Effects-Based Approach to Joint Operations (February 24, 2006) (this section).
Doc. call no.:  M-U  44176-7  no.7

United States.  Joint Forces Command.  Joint Warfighting Center.  Joint Concept Development and Experimentation Directorate.  Commander's Handbook for an Effects-Based Approach to Joint Operations.  Suffolk, VA, Joint Warfighting Center, 2006.  1 vol. 
Includes supplements 1 (Theory, 10 p.) and 2 (Operational Net Assessment, 8 p.).
Replaces Operational Implications of Effects-Based Operations (EBO) (JWFC doctrine pam 7) published in 2004.
Doc. call no.:  M-U  44369-8

Vincent, Patrick J. and Stute, Nicholas J.  Effects-Based Resource Planner (EBRP):  Advanced Demonstration.  Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, Logistics Readiness Branch, Deployment and Sustainment Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2003.  25 p. (AFRL-HE-WP-TR, 2003 no.0096)
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ada418709
Doc. call no.:  M-U  44289-8  2003  no.0096

Wagner, Rolf.  "Virtual Victory":  The Influence of "Post" Modern Warfare on Post Conflict Operations:  Is Defeat Necessary to Start "Phase IV."  Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, 2004.  50 p.  (Monograph).
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA435839
Doc. call no.:  M-U  42022-2  W1341v

Welton, James G.  Implementing Effects-Based Operations:  Redefining the Role of the JTCB.  Maxwell AFB, AL, Air War College, Air University, 2003.  34 p.  (Research report)
The author proposes the role of the Joint Targeting Coordination Board (JTCB) should be redefined and broadened to function as a Joint Coordination Board (JCB) to facilitate the Joint Force Commander (JFC) in his efforts to employ effects-based operations.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA424678
And also available online at:  https://research.au.af.mil/papers/ay2003/awc/Welton.pdf
Doc. call no.:  M-U  43117 W464i

Williams, Brett T.  Effects-Based Operations:  Theory, Application and the Role of Airpower.  Carlisle Barracks, PA, U.S. Army War College, 2002.  31 p.  (USAWC strategy research project)
This paper argues that effects-based operations is a theory that helps determine how to use the elements of power to attain national security objectives.  Effects-based operations does not depend on information dominance, high- end warfare, or even precision strike to make it useful and as a theory, it is applicable across the spectrum of conflict.
Also available online at:  http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA400990
Doc. call no.:  M-U  39080-537  W721e

United States.  Air Force.  Air Force Doctrine Center.  Targeting.  Maxwell AFB, AL, HQ AFDC/DR, 2006.  120 p.
Air Force doctrine document 2-1.9
Also available online at:  http://www.doctrine.af.mil/afdcprivateweb/AFDD_Page_HTML/Doctrine_Docs/afdd2-1-9.pdf

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