Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415457
The establishment of the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) in the late 1980's created a single command designed to correct serious deficiencies in the ability of the United States to conduct special operations and engage in low-intensity conflict. Among other things, the creation of USSOCOM intended to correct problems associated with the command and control of Special Operations Forces (SOF). However, these command and control problems still exist today. Recent contingency operations in Afghanistan and the Philippines have shown the command and control difficulties with SOF.
Yarmie, Michael S. The Communications Bridge: Planning and Implementing Strategic Communications for Operation Enduring Freedom and Beyond. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2003. 39 p.
Available online at: http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/fulcrum_main.pl?database=FT_U2&searchid=106303877127478&keyfieldvalue=ADA415793&filename=%2Ffulcrum%2Fdata%2FTR_fulltext%2Fdoc%2FADA415793.pdf
For the past several years many combatant commanders have listed strategic communications and C4 reach-back capabilities among the top four items on their Integrated Priority Lists.
These requirements in whole or in part remain unresolved today. Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) further validated the urgent need of strategic reach-back communications from the Area of Operations (AOR) to the Continental United States (CONUS). This report analyzes the strategic communications infrastructure that the military planned, installed and operated to support operations in the Central Command AOR.
Periodicals
Grant, Rebecca. Reach-Forward. Air Force Magazine 85:42-47 October 2002.
"'Reach-forward' refers to a situation in which a commander thousands of miles from a theater uses a powerful communication system to manage a tactical event in real time. In Enduring Freedom...CENTCOM senior staff at MacDill AFB, Florida, often granted or withheld approval for tactical execution of a specific strike in Afghanistan."
McNulty, Dennis J. Base Camp Infrastructure Development and C2 (command and control) in Afghanistan. Engineer 32:4-8 October-December 2002.
Internet Resources
Yarmie, Michael S. The Communications Bridge: Planning and Implementing Strategic Communications for Operation Enduring Freedom and Beyond. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2003. 39 p.
Available online at: http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/fulcrum_main.pl?database=FT_U2&searchid=106303877127478&keyfieldvalue=ADA415793&filename=%2Ffulcrum%2Fdata%2FTR_fulltext%2Fdoc%2FADA415793.pdf
For the past several years many combatant commanders have listed strategic communications and C4 reach-back capabilities among the top four items on their Integrated Priority Lists (PLs). These requirements in whole or in part remain unresolved today. Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) further validated the urgent need of strategic reach-back communications from the Area of Operations (AOR) to the Continental United States (CONUS). This report analyzes the strategic communications infrastructure that the military planned, installed and operated to support operations in the Central Command AOR.
Periodicals
Ackerman, Robert K. Technology Empowers Information Operations in Afghanistan. Signal 56:17-20 March 2002.
Satellite communications, Web services and imagery have come of age in the battlespace of Operation Enduring Freedom.
Grant, Rebecca. Reach-Forward. Air Force Magazine 85:42-47 October 2002.
"'Reach-forward' refers to a situation in which a commander thousands of miles from a theater uses a powerful communication system to manage a tactical event in real time. In Enduring Freedom...CENTCOM senior staff at MacDill AFB, Florida, often granted or withheld approval for tactical execution of a specific strike in Afghanistan."
Kenyon, Henry S. Linking the Farthest Shore. Signal 56:59-61 April 2002.
U.S. Marine Corps deployments into Afghanistan have demonstrated the service's growing digitalization. As troops disembarked to locations far from their various ships, connectivity was maintained through a variety of mobile communications systems. On the tactical level, Marines used battlefield intranets to coordinate operations and send digital imagery to their commanders in near real time.
Internet Resources
Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Estimated
Cost of Operation Enduring Freedom: The First Two Months, by Steven Kosiak. December 6, 2001.
Available online at: http://www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/Archive/B.20011207.Estimated_Cost_of_/B.20011207.Estimated_Cost_of_.htm
Cost Estimating Methodology for Operation Enduring Freedom & Post-September 11th Counter-Terrorism Force Protection & Homeland Security Initiatives.
January 30, 2002.
Available online at: http://www.ra.pae.osd.mil/adodcas/DoDCAS2002presentations/Cost%20of%20War%20brief%20DODCAS2.pdf
Briefing to the Department of Defense Cost Analysis Symposium, January 30, 2002.
Periodicals
Costs for Operation Enduring Freedom: Up to $1b Per Month. National Defense 86:15 December 2001.
Also available online at: http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/article.cfm?Id=666
Fulghum, David A. Bombing Costs Escalate in Afghanistan Operations. Aviation Week & Space Technology 155:38 December 10, 2001.
Kraul, Chris. Creating an Afghan Army May Cost the U.S. $1 Billion. Los Angeles Times April 19, 2003.
Available online through Lexis-Nexis Academic database.
Moniz, Dave. Monthly Costs of Iraq, Afghan Wars Approach that of Vietnam. USA Today September 8, 2003.
Available online through Lexis-Nexis Academic database.
Rebuilding Afghanistan Will Cost $15 Billion over a Decade. Engineering News-Record 248:9 January 21, 2002.
Wall, Robert. War Costs Overextend Pentagon Purse, Gear. Aviation Week & Space Technology 156:31 March 25, 2002.
Internet Resources
Cummings, Gregory A. and Martin R. J. At War with Terrorism: Civil Engineer Support to Operations Noble Eagle and Enduring Freedom. Washington, Headquarters, USAF Civil Engineer Division, 2002. 6 p.
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA405407
Periodicals
Cahlink, George. Building a Presence. Government Executive 34:47-48+ December 2002.
Capturing the northern city of Mazar-e-Sharif was a key victory in the campaign to win control of Afghanistan. The fall of the Taliban stronghold opened access to one of the country's 3 main airfields. Kathleen Ferguson, deputy Air Force civil engineer, says the challenges in setting up the Mazar-e-Sharif air base emphasize the need for combat engineers near the front lines. Along with logistics managers and civil engineers across the military services, Ferguson is harvesting lessons from the campaign in Afghanistan, Operation Enduring Freedom, to improve the way the military sets up and maintains bases around the world.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=8861865&db=f5h
Engineers in Iraq and Afghanistan (pictorial only). Military Engineer 95:49-51 September-October 2003.
Kasten, David. Operation Enduring Freedom: A Waypoint toward Geospatial Engineering Transformation Engineer 33:27-?? April-June 2003.
McNulty, Dennis J. Base Camp Infrastructure Development and C2 (command and control) in Afghanistan. Engineer 32:4-8 October-December 2002.
McNulty, Dennis J. Repairing Runways and Clearing Mines in Afghanistan. Engineer 32:8-14 July 2002.
Mohr, Jerry T. Operation Enduring Freedom from the Military Engineer Perspective. Engineer 32:4-7 July 2002.
Books
War 2002 [alternative title: British Medical Journal, War
2002]. London, BMJ Publishing Group of the BMA, February 9, 2002.
Was the Afghan Conflict a Just War? by Jennifer Leaning, pp 353-355.
Also available online at: http://bmj.com/content/vol324/issue7333/
Book call no.: 616.98023 W253
Byers, Michael. Letting the Exception Prove the Rule. Ethics and International Affairs Vol 17, Issue 1:9-?? 2003.
Includes discussion of the legal justifications for intervening in Afghanistan.
Rolfsen, Bruce. Civilian Deaths Renew Debate about Air Campaign's Accuracy. Air Force Times 62:10-11 July 15, 2002.
Tyson, Ann Scott. Weighing War in Afghanistan on a Moral Scale. Christian Science Monitor 93:3 October 19, 2001.
Looks at questions of whether the United States is waging a 'just war' in Afghanistan, in light of proceeding military actions.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=5367861&db=aph
Wheeler, Nicholas. Dying for "Enduring Freedom": Accepting Responsibility for Civilian Casualties in the War Against Terrorism. International Relations 16:205+ August 2002.
"Although US actions have been justified in terms of respect for the Just War principle of non-combatant immunity, this article shows how this principle rested uneasily with alternative moral theories of war that influenced the process of target selection...argues that whilst the Taliban and al-Qaeda are responsible for exposing Afghan citizens to US attacks, this does not absolve US political and military leaders of responsibility for their conduct of the war."
Wood, David. Air Strikes Stir Questions about Status of Noncombants. Air Force Times 62:18
March 25, 2002.
A punishing series of airstrikes on suspected al-Qaeda terrorists raises questions as to whether women and children -- normally assumed to be innocent noncombatants -- have lost their protected status in U.S. military operations.
Internet Resources
Center for Defense Information. Terrorism Project. Killing Your Own: The Problem of Friendly Fire during the Afghan Campaign.
Washington, DC, June 12, 2002.
Available online at: http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/killing.cfm
Periodicals
Friedman, Norman. Dealing with Friendly Fire. U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 129:4+ March 2003.
Naylor, Sean D. In Casualties' Wake, a Quest to Prevent Friendly Fire. Air Force Times 62:19 December 31, 2001.
Rolfsen, Bruce. In the Wrong Place at the Wrong Time (Report: Navigation system malfunctions, miscommunication led to friendly fire accident). Air Force Times 63:10-11 January 20, 2003.
Rolfsen, Bruce. Why Friendlies Died: Report Details How 4 Canadians Were Killed, Evidence Against Pilots. Air Force Times 63:12-13 September 30, 2002.
Trowbridge, Gordon. 'Go Pills,' Pilot Fatigue in Friendly Fire Case Spotlight. Air Force Times 63:10-11 January 27, 2003.
Ackerman, Robert K. Commercial Imagery Aids Afghanistan Operations. Signal 56:16-19 December 2001.
Ackerman, Robert K. Technology Empowers Information Operations in Afghanistan. Signal 56:17-20 March 2002.
Satellite communications, Web services and imagery have come of age in the battlespace of Operation Enduring Freedom.
Berry, John F. The 513th Military Intelligence Brigade in Support of Operation Enduring Freedom. Military Intelligence 28:4 April-June 2002.
Ehrlich, Robert J. Enduring Freedom. Military Intelligence 29:65-66+ January-March 2003.
Focuses on the intelligence-related lessons learned from operations in Afghanistan; includes information of the Falcon View, a software program that displays maps and geographically referenced overlays.
Fulghum, David A. Intel Emerging as Key Weapon in Afghanistan. Aviation Week & Space Technology
156:24-25 March 11, 2002.
The Afghanistan air campaign is not over, but analysts and senior military officials are hailing it as the first conflict in which intelligence was the primary U.S. weapon. Key factors in their assessment were persistence (the ability to maintain round-the-clock surveillance), integration at the tactical and operational levels of intelligence from many sources, and the ability to control data collection.
Hutson, Charles E. NGIC (National Ground Intelligence Center) Uses Web-Based Visualization Technology to Inform Soldiers of Minefield Locations in Afghanistan. Military Intelligence 28:28-30 October-December 2002.
Intel Take from Enemy at Shah-e-Kot Great, MIs Say. Army Times 62:16 March 25, 2002.
McKrell, Eileen F. Network-Centric Intelligence Works. U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 129:44-48 July 2003.
Describes the author's experiences with network centric operations in Carrier Group Three/Battle Force Fifth Fleet during Operation Enduring Freedom.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=10189774&db=aph
Moores, Drew. The 101st Airborne Division Deployable Intelligence Support Element (DISE) in Operation Enduring Freedom. Military Intelligence 28:38-40 October-December 2002.
Brill, Arthur P. Jr. To the Caves of Tora Bora. Sea Power 45:24-33 Almanac Issue, January 2002.
Crawley, Vince. DoD Officials Credit 'Jointness' for Successes in Afghanistan. Army Times 62:33 May 27 2002.
Roos, John G. Long Reach: Battlefield Success Remains Rooted in All-Encompassing Support. Armed Forces Journal International 139:30-32+ March 2002.
The speed with which US and allied forces routed Taliban and al Qaeda fighters in Afghanistan validated the thrust of the Pentagon's decade long pursuit of fielding highly effective, joint-service combat forces. More telling, perhaps, were the results achieved through the coordinated targeting activity of Army Special Forces on the ground and Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and Special Operations Forces airpower.
Roos, John G. Turning Up the Heat: Taliban Became Firm Believers in Effects-Based Operations. Armed Forces Journal International 139:36-38+ February 2002.
Betancourt, Alberto. Task Force Rakkasans. Soldiers 57:4-8 April 2002.
Harper, Sue and Jones, Gregory. Supporting Afghanistan from Europe: U.S. Army Europe's 21st Theater Support Command. Army 52:41-42 August 2002.
Haun, Phil M. Direct Attack---A Counterland Mission. Air & Space Power Journal 17:9- Summer 2003.
In the recent air operations in Kosovo and Afghanistan, U.S. airpower has been employed against enemy armies independent of friendly ground operations. Yet the Air Force doctrinal description of how it fights does not reflect this reality of modern combat. Current Air Force doctrine assumes conditions of simultaneous air and land operations and does not address the use of airpower to attack enemy ground forces in the absence of friendly ground forces.
Also available online at:
http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=10175863&db=aph
OR
http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj03/sum03/vorsum03.html
Naylor, Sean D. A Patrol, Silent and Surreal: The 101st Expands Its Presence over Afghanistan's Desolate Landscape. Army Times 62:8-9 February 11, 2002.
Steele, Dennis. Dust and Mines: Patrolling in Afghanistan. Army 52:44-47 April 2002.
Steele, Dennis. A U.S. Army Line Battalion in the War on Terrorism: The Mountains. Army 52:22-26+ June 2002.
Striking Back (air and ground elements press the war in Afghanistan; chiefly pictorial). Air Force Magazine 85:32-39 January 2002.
Internet Resources
Center for Defense Information. Terrorism Project. Guantanamo Bay Dispute: Legal Interpretations. Washington, DC, January 24, 2002.
Available online at: http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/guantanamo.cfm
Recent controversy over the physical and legal treatment of al Qaeda and Taliban detainees at Guantanamo Bay highlights the new challenges unconventional U.S. "war" on terrorism has brought to the interpretation of international law and laws of warfare.
Documents
De Alicante, Tony F. How Now Shall We Fight? : The Relevance of the Law of Armed Conflict to the United States and its Coalition Members in Light of the Terrorist Attacks of 11 September
2001. Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2002. 23 p.
"The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 and the war in Afghanistan that followed have presented situations never before encountered by the United States in armed conflict and have changed some of the ways in which the U.S. conducts warfare. The Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) has not kept up with those changes. As a result, the U.S. must examine whether the application of the LOAC is still relevant to how we fight wars and against whom we are fighting in the twenty-first century, and make necessary adjustments so that operational commanders will have a framework to use in warfare that is current and relevant to helping them maintain superiority on the battlefield."--Abstract
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA400948
Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 D279h
Elsea, Jennifer. Treatment of 'Battlefield Detainees' under the Geneva Conventions . [Washington], Congressional Research Service, 2002. 5 leaves. (Terrorism briefing book )
Book call no.: M-U 42953-45a
Periodicals
Byers, Michael. Letting the Exception Prove the Rule. Ethics and International Affairs Vol 17, Issue
1:9-16 2003.
Includes discussion of the legal justifications for intervening in Afghanistan.
Roberts, Adam. Counter-Terrorism, Armed Force and the Laws of War. Survival 44:7-32 Spring 2002.
In military operations involving action against terrorists, the relevance of the laws of war, often now called international humanitarian law, is problematical....Is the law applicable to such operations? Should it be applied in situations different from what was envisaged in treaties? And are detainees "prisoners of war"? A difficulty in applying the law is that governments usually view terrorists, like rebels in civil wars, as simply criminal.
Internet Resources
Air War College. Gateway to Internet Resources. Lessons Learned.
Available online at: http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/awc-lesn.htm#gwot
See section: War on Terrorism/Afghanistan.
Brown, Lawrence T. You've Got to be Kidding: Empowering the JFACC with Selected Ground Reconnaissance Forces. Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2003. 39 p.
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415381
Abstract: In the last twenty years, airpower has become a decisive force in its own right beginning with Desert Storm followed by Operation Allied Force and most recently Operation Enduring Freedom. Two primary lessons were learned from these three conflicts concerning airpower. First, airpower cannot win wars by itself; it needs the synergistic effects of ground forces. Second, US Special Forces on the ground early dramatically increase the effectiveness of the air campaign. If these lessons are indeed true, how can we make airpower more effective than current constructs? This paper seeks to demonstrate that the airpower can become more effective when SOF or other conventional reconnaissance forces are placed under the control of the JFACC for initial rapid and decisive airpower operations.
Books
Biddle, Stephen D. Afghanistan and the Future of Warfare : Implications for Army and Defense Policy . [Carlisle Barracks, PA] , Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2002. 58 p.
America's novel use of special forces, precision weapons, and indigenous allies has attracted widespread attention since its debut in Northern Afghanistan last fall. It has proven both influential and controversial. Many think it caused the Taliban's sudden collapse. For them, this "Afghan Model" represents warfare's future, and should become the new template for US defense planning. Critics, however, see Afghanistan as an anomaly - a non-repeatable product of local conditions. This briefing examines the Afghan Model's actual role in the fall of the Taliban, using evidence collected from a combination of 45 participant interviews, terrain inspection in Afghanistan, and written documentation from both official and unofficial sources.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA408757
Book call no.: 355.033573 B584a
Cordesman, Anthony H. The Lessons of Afghanistan: War Fighting, Intelligence, and Force Transformation . Washington, CSIS Press, 2002. 168 p. (Significant issues series, v. 24, no. 4)
Book call no.: 958.1046 C794L
Crane, Conrad C. Avoiding Vietnam: The U.S. Army's Response to Defeat in Southeast Asia. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2002. 34 p.
Abstract: As American operations against terrorism spread around the globe to places like Afghanistan and the Philippines, an increasing tendency has been for commentators to draw parallels with past experience in Vietnam. Even soldiers on the ground have begun to speak in such terms.
The author analyzes the Army's response to that defeat in Southeast Asia and its long-term impact. Contrary to the accepted wisdom that nations which lose wars tend to learn best how to correct their mistakes, he argues that Americans tried to forget the unhappy experience with counterinsurgency by refocusing on conventional wars. While that process eventually produced the powerful force that won the Persian Gulf War, it left an Army with force structure, doctrine, and attitudes that are much less applicable to the peace operations and counterterrorism campaign it now faces.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA407526
Book call no.: 355.033573 C8911a
Kouzmanov, Krassi. NATO's Response to the 11 September 2001 Terrorism : Lessons Learned . Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. 69 p.
Analyzes NATO's decisions and actions in response to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks against the United States and assesses the probable future role of the Alliance in combating international terrorism. NATO's responses to the 11 September attacks, the unconventional and asymmetric threat posed by international terrorism, and the distinct contributions that the military can make in combating terrorism support the main hypothesis examined in this study: that NATO may be unable to play more than specific limited roles in the fight against international terrorism.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415031
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525 K883n
Mason, Doug. A New American Way of War? : Identifying Operational Lessons from American Involvement in Southwest Asia, Kosovo, and Afghanistan . Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2002. 21 p.
"This paper addresses the question of whether the conduct and outcome of the United States last three conflicts (Desert Storm, Kosovo and Afghanistan), represent a new American Way of War. For those that espouse the idea of a new American Way of War, its characteristics include increased Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance capabilities, the dominant nature of precision guided munitions, the increased effectiveness of Special Operations Forces, and the ability to project power from the continental United States. The characteristics and lessons that are mistakenly labeled as new either fit comfortably within the existing framework of the American way of war, or are misrepresented. Further, the apparent obsession on redefining the American way of war is obscuring more important lessons that should be gleaned from these three conflicts. These lessons include the current state of the relationship between fire and maneuver, the changing nature of close air support, the compression of the sensor to shooter loop, and important coalition and jointness issues."--Abstract
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401131
Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 M398n
Afghanistan Victory. CQ Researcher 12:734+ September 13, 2002.
Comments on the range of lessons learned in Operation Enduring Freedom that will guide further transformations of the U.S. military.
Brill, Arthur P. Afghanistan Diary. Sea Power 45:75-79 April 2002.
Burger, Kim, Koch, Andrew, and Bender, Bryan. Special Report: Afghanistan. Jane's Defence Weekly vol 37: Part One: Afghanistan: First Lessons, pp 18-21 December 19, 2001; Part Two: Afghanistan: The Key Lessons, pp 20-27. January 2, 2002. Includes breakdown of sorties flown.
Cohen, Eliot A. A Tale of Two Secretaries. Foreign Affairs 81:33-46 May-June 2002.
"The difficult questions remaining after the Sept 11 attacks are: is the Pentagon headed for fundamental change? What lessons, if any, should defense officials take from the operations in Afghanistan?"
Corbin, Marcus. Operation Enduring Freedom and Military Transformation. Defense Monitor 31:4-5+ September 2002.
Day, John. After Afghanistan--The Role of Air Power. RUSI Journal 147:38-43 December 2002.
Drawn from the Trenchard Memorial Lecture delivered at RUSI on October 25, 2002.
Ehrlich, Robert J. Enduring Freedom. Military Intelligence 29:65-66+ January-March 2003.
Focuses on the intelligence-related lessons learned from operations in Afghanistan; includes information of the Falcon View, a software program that displays maps and geographically referenced overlays.
Erwin, Sandra I. Naval Aviation: Lessons from the War. National Defense 86:16-19 June 2002.
Erwin, Sandra I. Success of 'Lessons Learned' Process Based on Truthfulness. National Defense 87:24-25+ July 2002.
Finn, Chris. The Employment of Air Power in Afghanistan and Beyond. Royal Air Force Air Power Review 5:1-13 Winter 2002.
Friedman, Norman. More Lessons from Afghanistan. U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 129:4+ February 2003.
Hawkins, William R. What Not to Learn from Afghanistan. Parameters 32:24-32 Summer 2002.
Also available online at: http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/02summer/hawkins.htm
Hebert, Adam J. Supply Chain Visibility: US Air Force Adapts to War in Afghanistan and Learns Logistics Lessons. Armed Forces Journal International 139:30+ April 2002.
Hoffman, Frank G. Early Lessons from Enduring Freedom. U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 128:2 April 2002.
Jogerst, John. What's So Special about Special Operations? Lessons from the War in Afghanistan. Aerospace Power Journal 16:98-102 Summer 2002.
Kaufman, Gail and Svitak Amy. Putting Lessons to Use: Schooled in Desert Storm, Afghanistan Air Wars, Air Force Surprises in Iraq. Air Force Times 63:12 April 7, 2003.
Keeter, Hunter. Marine Aviation Community Draws Lessons From Afghanistan. Defense Daily 216:4-5 October 29, 2002.
Lowe, Christian. A Look at Lessons Learned. Air Force Times 62:8 January 28, 2002.
Lubold, Gordon. Desert. Marines Start Digging into Lessons Learned in Afghanistan. Navy Times 51:24 September 9, 2002.
Meilinger, Phillip S. Preparing for the Next Little War: Operation Enduring Freedom Points to New Ways of Warfighting. Armed Forces Journal International 139:38+ April 2002.
Naylor, Sean D. Hard-Won Knowledge. Army Times 62:14-15 June 3, 2002.
Naylor, Sean D. Learning from Operation Anaconda. Air Force Times 63:12-13 July 29, 2002.
O'Hanlon, Michael E. A Flawed Masterpiece. Foreign Affairs 81:47-63 May-June 2002.
Lessons learned include: 1) military progress does not always depend on highly expensive weapons platforms; 2) human skills remain important in war; 3) military mobility and deployability should continue to be improved; and 4) more joint-service experimentation and innovation are highly desirable.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=6489865&db=aph
Peck, Fred. Somalia, Afghanistan: A Script for Reconstruction of Iraq. Sea Power 46:78-81 April 2003.
Rolfsen, Bruce. Air Force Learned Lessons in Kosovo, But Problems Remain. Air Force Times 62:15 February 4, 2002.
Rolfsen, Bruce. Recording History as It's Made: Task Force Gathers Information on Operation Enduring Freedom. Air Force Times 62:30 May 27, 2002.
Roos, John G. Turning Up the Heat: Taliban Became Firm Believers in Effects-Based Operations. Armed Forces Journal International 139:36-38+ February 2002.
Vego, Milan. What Can We Learn from Enduring Freedom? U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 128:28-33 July 2002.
Wall, Robert. Military Assesses War Strengths, Shortfalls. Aviation Week & Space Technology
156:26-27 April 15, 2002.
To cull lessons from ongoing operations and improve future efforts, the Air Force set up a small team to do the requisite analysis. Named ''Task Force Enduring Look,'' the 35-person team was established even before the U.S. military commenced hostilities in October. Rather than merely compiling a postwar review, Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. John Jumper asked for a product that could ''help the warfighter in the short term,'' said USAF Col. James Hunt, the task force's director. The difference in approach is due to the fact that military officials expect a long, multi-phase campaign they want to affect as it progresses.
Williamson, Joel E. and Moroney, Jennifer D. P. Security Cooperation Pays Off: A Lesson from the Afghan War. DISAM Journal 24:79-82 Spring 2002.
One of the essential lessons of Operation Enduring Freedom is the importance of regional access for U. S. military forces. To the surprise of many around the world, the U. S. was able to gain a ring of access for its forces in countries either not regarded as openly friendly or where relations with the U. S. had been strained.
Wood, David. Disturbing Lessons Emerge from Anti-Terror Push. Army Times 62:20 May 6, 2002.
The global war on terrorism is getting disturbing news from Israel and Afghanistan: evidence that blunt, conventional military force doesn't work against irregular fighters and terrorists, and can even backfire dangerously.
Internet Resources
"Eagle Fury" Heavy Drop a First in Afghanistan. FDCH Regulatory Intelligence Database February 19, 2003.
Parachute riggers dropped a total of 38,088 gallons of fuel to the Forward Area Refueling Point in support of Operation Eagle Fury in the Bahgran Valley, Afghanistan. "The significance to the drop is that until this point there has not been a heavy drop in Afghanistan or in support of Operation Enduring Freedom," said Warrant Officer Peter Lautzenheiser, the air drop systems technician and platoon leader of the riggers in Company E, 782nd Main Support Battalion, attached to HQ Company A, 307th Logistical Task Force. "To the best of my knowledge, the last time any fuel was air dropped, certainly by the 82nd Airborne, if not by the entire Army, was in Vietnam."
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=32W1689388591&db=mth
Knight, Perry L. Observations on Operation Enduring Freedom: Recommendations for Development of the Transformation Objective Force Logistics Structure. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2003. 61 p.
Available online at:
http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415286
This paper examines selected logistics observations from Operation Enduring Freedom within the historical context of the Army's experiences in previous smaller-scale contingency operations, and provides implications and recommendations for the Objective Force logistics structure.
Periodicals
626th Logistics Task Force Keeps Supplies Flowing in Kandahar. Army Logistician 34:43 July-August 2002.
Airdrop of Fuel Supports Combat Operations in Afghanistan. Army Logistician 35:41 May-June 2003.
Arana-Barradas, Louis A. The Afghan Air Link. Airman 46:2-9 May 2002.
Betancourt, Alberto. Kandahar's Supply Hub. Soldiers 57:4-7 May 2002.
Cahlink, George. Building a Presence. Government Executive 34:47-48+ December 2002.
Capturing the northern city of Mazar-e-Sharif was a key victory in the campaign to win control of Afghanistan. The fall of the Taliban stronghold opened access to one of the country's 3 main airfields. Kathleen Ferguson, deputy Air Force civil engineer, says the challenges in setting up the Mazar-e-Sharif air base emphasize the need for combat engineers near the front lines. Along with logistics managers and civil engineers across the military services, Ferguson is harvesting lessons from the campaign in Afghanistan, Operation Enduring Freedom, to improve the way the military sets up and maintains bases around the world. Among the approaches are increased pre-positioning of equipment in potential hot spots and at sea, US partnerships with other nations to build military facilities and make more extensive use of existing ones, and greater reliance on contractors to build and operate bases overseas.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=8861865&db=f5h
Cahlink, George. Masters of Surge. Air Force Magazine 86:59-62 April 2003.
Focuses on U. S. Air Force depots' support of Operation Enduring Freedom.
Contract Support for Operation Enduring Freedom. Army Logistician 35:22-23 March-April 2003.
Erwin, Sandra I. War on Terrorism Tests Logisticians' Skills. National Defense 87:19-21 July 2002.
Grier, Peter. Loggie Power. Air Force Magazine 85:68-72 November 2002.
Describes the logistics challenge faced by the U. S. Air Force during Operation Enduring Freedom; includes achievments of fuel specialists and problems related to aging aircraft.
Hall, John. Afghan Supply Pipeline Performance. Army Logistician 35:4-8 January-February 2003.
Includes description of tasks performed by the Logistics Support Activity of the Army Materiel Command in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.
Hebert, Adam J. Supply Chain Visibility: US Air Force Adapts to War in Afghanistan and Learns Logistics Lessons. Armed Forces Journal International 139:30+ April 2002.
Kiper, Richard L. 'We Support to the Utmost': The 528th Special Operations Support Battalion. Special Warfare 15:13-15 September 2002.
Loeb, Vernon. In War Effort, U. S. Relies on Strategic Airlifts; Air Mobility Fleet Flies Cargo, Troops to World's Tight Spots. Washington Post
pA13, June 24, 2002.
Available online through Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe database.
MTMC (Military Traffic Management Command) Team Fights War on Terrorism. Army Logistician 34:22-24 May-June 2002.
Newman, Richard J. Tankers and Lifters for a Distant War. Air Force Magazine 62:56-60 January 2002.
Puckett, Amee. 'If Special Forces Needs It, We Get It'. Army Times 62:15 December 24, 2001.
Rolfsen, Bruce. A New Way to Deliver Food. Air Force Times 62:17 October 22, 2001.
Simon, Seena. '100 Percent Totally Self-Sufficient'. Air Force Times 62:14+ January 28, 2002.
Trowbridge, Gordon. More Enduring Freedom Supplies Go by Land, Sea. Air Force Times 63:22 November 4, 2002.
Discusses the efficiency of sea and land shipment compared to airlift.
Afghanistan Diary. Sea Power 45:75-79 April 2002.
Reports on Phase One operations of the Marine Corps in Operation Enduring Freedom, including deployment of Marine expeditionary units and performance of AV-8B Harriers.
Brill, Arthur P. Afghanistan Diary. Sea Power 45:75-79 April 2002.
Brill, Arthur P. Jr. To the Caves of Tora Bora. Sea Power 45:24-33 Almanac Issue, January 2002.
Brinkley, C. Mark. In a Fighting Hole: Marine Fire Team Watches, Waits on the Front Line in Afghanistan. Army Times 62:16 December 17, 2001.
Brinkley, C. Mark. Marines Take Afghan Airfield; C-17s Touch Down Soon After. Air Force Times 62:18 December 10, 2001.
Crawley, Vince. SOCOM Lauded for Its Focus on 'Customers'. Air Force Times 62:17 March 25, 2002.
U.S. military is being urged to follow the customer-focused example of the U.S. Special Operations Command when rushing military equipment to war fighters in Afghanistan. Also discusses plans for Marine amphibious ready groups to notify SOCOM headquarters before deploying so they can be included in future war and contingency plans.
Franzak, Michael V. Nightmares in Afghanistan. Naval Aviation News 85:18-21 May-June 2003.
Reports on the combat experiences of the "Flying Nightmares" of Marine Attack Squadron (VMA) 513 in Afghanistan. Includes discussion of challenges overcome by the Nightmares, which operated out of an old, neglected Soviet air base.
Henderson, Clayton. Weapons Platoon in the Defense of Kandahar. Marine Corps Gazette 86:42-45 July 2002.
Henderson, Clayton and Broene, Jason E. Fire Support in the Defense of Kandahar. Marine Corps Gazette 86:45-47 July 2002.
Keeter, Hunter. Marine Aviation Community Draws Lessons From Afghanistan. Defense Daily 216:4-5 October 29, 2002.
Kenyon, Henry S. Linking the Farthest Shore. Signal 56:59-61 April 2002.
U.S. Marine Corps deployments into Afghanistan have demonstrated the service's growing digitalization. As troops disembarked to locations far from their various ships, connectivity was maintained through a variety of mobile communications systems. On the tactical level, Marines used battlefield intranets to coordinate operations and send digital imagery to their commanders in near real time.
Kiper, Richard L. Into the Dark: The 3/75th Ranger Regiment. Special Warfare 15:6-7 September 2002.
Krumm, Bob. Why Are the Marines in Afghanistan? U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 128:112 January 2002.
Lubold, Gordon. In Charge in Kandahar: Marines Take Over Airport, Embassy and Eye Tora Bora. Army Times 62:21 December 31, 2001.
Ohman, Jonathan R. VMFA-314 (Marine fighter attack squadron) Combat Operations. Marine Corps Gazette 86:34-35 July 2002.
Tomko, T. Shane. The 11 Commandments and the Defense of Kandahar. Marine Corps Gazette 86:38-41 June 2002.
Tomko, T. Shane. Defense of Kandahar. Marine Corps Gazette 86:35-36 July 2002.
Internet Resources
Hyams, Kenneth C. and others. Protecting the Health of United States Military Forces in Afghanistan: Applying Lessons Learned since the Gulf War. Clinical Infectious Diseases vol 34: June 15, 2002 (7 pages).
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=6945369&db=aph
Periodicals
Bateman, Timothy E. LRMC (Landstuhl Regional Medical Center) Logistic Support for OEF (Operation Enduring Freedom). U.S. Army Medical Department Journal, pp 56-59 October-December 2002.
Burnett, Mark W. The Role of the Operational Physician in a Medical Center. U.S. Army Medical Department Journal pp 44-45 October-December 2002.
Ervin, Mark D. OEF (Operation Enduring Freedom) In-Theater Evacuation. U.S. Army Medical Department Journal pp 46-51 October-December 2002.
Funk, Deborah. Afghan Deployment Exposes Surgical Teams' Needs. Army Times 62:32 May 27, 2002.
Funk, Deborah. Doctors Looking for Cause of Pneumonia in Troops. Air Force Times 64:23 August 18, 2003.
Reports on the effort of U. S. Army doctors and laboratory technicians to find out what is causing pneumonia in troops deployed in support of Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom.
Funk, Deborah. Medical People Armed and Ready for Chem-Bio War. Army Times 62:16 November 12, 2001.
Funk, Deborah. Post-Deployment Medical Screening Takes In-Depth Slant. Navy Times 52:28 May 12, 2003.
Funk, Deborah. War in Afghanistan Shows Specialized Needs of Surgical Teams. Air Force Times 62:22 June 10, 2002.
Gibson, Rebecca J. Bridging Language and Culture Barriers. U.S. Army Medical Department Journal60-66 October-December 2002.
Harvey, Sally C. Debriefing/Decompression: Psychological Support for OEF (Operation Enduring Freedom) Casualties. U.S. Army Medical Department Journal pp14-20 October-December 2002.
Hasenauer, Heike. After the Medevac. Soldiers 58:14-17 June 2003.
Explores the development of the U. S. Deployed Warrior Medical Management Center (DWMMC) to help soldiers deployed in support of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom.
Murdock, Cabot S. Application of TEP (totally extraperitoneal) Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair during OEF (Operation Enduring Freedom). U.S. Army Medical Department Journal pp 30-33 October-December 2002.
Naylor, Sean D. Life Savers: New Armor Stemmed Casualties in Bagram, but Surgical Team Still Had Its Hands Full. Army Times 62:16 April 22, 2002.
Rolfsen, Bruce. Close Care: Medical Units Bring Surgical Capabilities to the Front Lines. Air Force Times 62:22 June 10, 2002.
Rundell, James R. and Baine, Damon G. Overview: The First OEF (Operation Enduring Freedom) Patients Evacuated to LRMC (Landstuhl Regional Medical Center). U.S. Army Medical Department Journal pp 6-13 October-December 2002.
Simon, Seena and Castellon David. Doing More with Less. Air Force Times 62:34 November 12, 2001.
Focuses on the mission of U. S. Air Force medical teams supporting Operations Enduring Freedom and Noble Eagle.
Brown, David. Carriers Rule: Why Flattops are Critical to this War. Navy Times 51:12-13 November 5, 2001.
Cooke, Leonard W. W. A Deployment to Remember: The Navy's Seabees in Afghanistan. Sea Power 45:55-57 October 2002.
Dendy, John B. Up from the Sea. Airman 46:8-11 August 2002.
Fiorenza, Nicholas. European Navies Weigh In: Modernization Programs Aim at Eliminating Shortfalls Seen During Afghanistan Operations. Armed Forces Journal International 139:54+ March 2002.
Nathman, John B. "We Were Great": Navy Air in Afghanistan. U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 128:94-96 March 2002.
Naval Space Ops Crucial to Afghan War. Aviation Week & Space Technology 156:86-88 April 8, 2002.
Naylor, Sean D. Navy: Above and Beyond in Afghanistan. Navy Times 51:24 August 5, 2002.
Peterson, Gordon I. Bush: "The Might of Our Navy is Needed Again." Sea Power 45:13-23 January 2002.
Includes an assessment of strategies of attacks on Afghanistan.
Reade, David. Navy P-3 Operations in the War on Terrorism. Sea Power 45:23 June 2002.
Reports on the operations of the P-3 Orion maritime patrol aircraft in Afghanistan.
Wisecup, Phil and Williams, Tom. Enduring Freedom: Making Coalition Naval Warfare Work. U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 128:52-55 September 2002.
Bentley, Christopher F. Afghanistan: Joint and Coalition Fire Support in Operation Anaconda. Field Artillery pp 10-14 September-October 2002.
Geibel, Adam. Making Sense of Anaconda. Asia-Pacific Defence Reporter 28:34-36 May 2002.
Grant, Rebecca. The Airpower of Anaconda. Air Force Magazine 85:60-63+ September 2002.
McElroy, Robert H. Afghanistan: Fire Support for Operation Anaconda. Field Artillery pp 5-9: September-October 2002.
Naylor, Sean D. Anaconda Winds Down. Army Times 62:14-15 March 25, 2002.
Naylor, Sean D. Learning from Operation Anaconda. Air Force Times 63:12-13 July 29, 2002.
Rolfsen, Bruce. Commander Defends Anaconda Air Support. Air Force Times 63:20 January 20, 2003.
The Soldiers of Task Force Rakkasan. Army 52:30-34+ April 2002.
Steele, Dennis. Another Rendezvous with Destiny. Army 52:22-24+ April 2002.
Steele, Dennis. Operation Anaconda: Taking the Fight to the Enemy in Afghanistan. Army 52:19-20 April 2002.
Steele, Dennis. A U.S. Army Line Battalion in the War on Terrorism: The Mountains. Army 52:22-26+ June 2002.
Weisman, Jonathan. Killed in Action. Air Force Times 62:14-16 March 18, 2002.
The airmen killed on March 1, 2002 in Operation Anaconda were the Air Force's
first combat deaths since Operation Desert Storm.
Steele, Dennis. Afghanistan: The Devils Keep Up the Heat. Army 53:16-20+ March 2003.
FDCH Regulatory Intelligence Database. Coalition Concludes Mountain Sweep in Afghanistan. August 5, 2002.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=32W1086366189&db=mth
Coalition forces completed Operation Mountain Sweep in Southeastern Afghanistan Aug. 26 with the repositioning of combat forces. "The objective of Mountain Sweep was to find and destroy remaining al Qaeda elements in that area, search for weapons or usable intelligence data for Coalition forces and project combat power into the area to deny the enemy sanctuary there," said Col. Roger King, Combined Joint Task Force - 180 public affairs officer. Mountain Sweep took place over eight days and included five combat air assault missions and three major convoy road marches to various objectives in the region.
Cox, Matthew. On the Hunt: War on Terrorism More about Chasing Bad Guys than Fighting Them. Army Times 63:8+ September 9, 2002.
Internet Resources
Center for Defense Information. Terrorism Project. CDI Fact Sheet: International Security Assistance Force
(December 2002). Washington, DC, Center for Defense Information. Terrorism Project. Peacekeeping in Afghanistan: Local Requests vs. International Response. Washington, DC, February 28, 2002. Fiorenza, Nicholas. Holding the Line: German-Netherlands Corps Shoulders Peacekeeping in Afghanistan Armed Forces Journal International 140:14 May 2003.
Martin, Kimberly Zisk. Defending Against Anarchy: From War to Peacekeeping in Afghanistan. Washington Quarterly 26:35-52 Winter 2002-2003.
Not a Dress Rehearsal. Economist 368:35-37 August 16, 2003. Prawdzik, Christopher. Enduring Commitment. National Guard 57:24-28 February 2003.
Internet Resources
Center for Defense Information. Terrorism Project. Guantanamo Bay Dispute: Legal Interpretations. Washington, DC, January 24, 2002. Documents
Elsea, Jennifer. Treatment of 'Battlefield Detainees' under the Geneva Conventions. [Washington], Congressional Research Service, 2002. 5 leaves. (Terrorism briefing book ) Betancourt, Alberto. On Guard at Guantanamo. Soldiers 57:4-8 July 2002.
Corera, Gordon. What the Guantanamo Captives Know. Jane's Intelligence Review 14:48-51 July 2002.
Haskell, Bob. Guarding Terrorists: Army Guard MPs Dispatched to Cuba to Help Secure Al-Qaeda and Taliban Fighters Captured in Afghanistan. National Guard 56:21-23 February 2002.
Munsey, Christopher. SeaBees to Build Prisons for Taliban, Al-Qaida. Navy Times 51:19 January 21, 2002.
Roberts, Adam. Counter-Terrorism, Armed Force and the Laws of War. Survival 44:7-32 Spring 2002. Periodicals
Ackerman, Robert K. Infowarrriors Insure Local Citizenry Gets the Message. Signal 56:20-21 March 2002. Briscoe, C. H. Coalition Humanitarian Liaison Cells and PSYOP (Psychological Operations) Teams in Afghanistan. Special Warfare 15:36-38 September 2002.
Goodman, Glenn W. Jr. The Power of the Word: US Special Operations Forces Used Leaflets and Radio Broadcasts to Sway Afghans. Armed Forces Journal International 139:30-31 February 2002.
Kiper, Richard L. 'Of Vital Importance': The 4th PSYOP (Psychological Operations) Group. Special Warfare 15:19-21 September 2002.
Kiper, Richard L. To Educate and to Motivate: The 345th PSYOP (Psychological Operations) Company. Special Warfare 15:32-33 September 2002.
Puckett, Amee. PSYOP (Psychological Operations) Battalions Send Afghans Message of 'Truth'. Army Times 62:18 December 17, 2001.
Internet Resources
Center for Defense Information. Terrorism Project..Prospects for Economic Recovery in Afghanistan. Washington, DC, April 30, 2002. Grymes, Robert D. Establishing Security and Stability in Afghanistan. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2003. 40 p. Documents
Cronin, Richard P. Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State . Washington, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 2002. 42 p. (CRS report for Congress ; RL31389 ) Geis, Robert N. The Current Civil-Military Arrangement in Afghanistan : Adequate for the Task at Hand . Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2002. 21 p. Margesson, Rhoda. Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction : Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress. Washington , Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 2002. 19 p. (CRS report for Congress ; RL31355) Crawley, Vince. Rebuilding Afghanistan. Army Times 62:20 December 17, 2001.
Kennedy, Harold. Pentagon Broadens Duties for its Civil Affairs Teams National Defense 87:36-39 February 2003.
Korman, Richard, Rubin, Debra K., and Reina, Peter. Rebuilding Is Now A Lot More Than Bricks, Mortar And Bomb Repair. ENR: Engineering News Record 250:20-21 June 9, 2003.
Lubold, Gordon. Muslim Sailors, Marines Restoring Kandahar Mosque. Navy Times 51:13 January 14, 2002.
McMichael, William H. "It's a Different Kind of War": Spotlight is on Rebuilding Iraq, but U. S. Mission in Afghanistan is Far from Over. Navy Times 52:36 May 5, 2003.
Not a Dress Rehearsal. Economist 368:35-37 August 16, 2003. Peck, Fred. Somalia, Afghanistan: A Script for Reconstruction of Iraq. Sea Power 46:78-81 April 2003.
Portman, Charles. Training an Afghan Army. Soldiers 57:4-7 August 2002.
Rebuilding Afghanistan Will Cost $15 Billion over a Decade. Engineering News-Record 248:9 January 21, 2002.
Stohl, Rachel. What to Do with Afghanistan: Prospects for Stability. Defense Monitor 30:3-5 November 2001.
Wood, David. The Heart of the Matter: The U.S. Military's Toughest Battle Could Be to Win the Trust and Support of the Afghan People. Army Times 62:20 April 1, 2002.
Internet Resources
FDCH Regulatory Database. Guard, Reserve War Contributions "Tremendous", Says Franks. February 28, 2002. Periodicals
Castellon, David. 5,131 Air Reservists Activated. Air Force Times 62:4 October 1, 2001.
Jones, Greg. Army Reserve Rigger Unit Helps with Afghan Airlift. Army Reserve Magazine 48:14-15 Spring 2002. Plata, Holly. Army Reservists Bring Relief to Afghan Town Following Devastating Earthquake. Army Reserve Magazine 48:8-9 Summer 2002. Rolfsen, Bruce. Few Fighters Tasked with Overseas Mission. Air Force Times 62:22 October 8, 2001.
Rolfsen, Bruce. More Active, Reserve Units Tapped for Operation Enduring Freedom. Air Force Times 62:26 October 15, 2001.
The War on Terrorism. Citizen Airman 53:2-4 December 2001. Ackerman, Robert K. Commercial Imagery Aids Afghanistan Operations. Signal 56:16-19 December 2001.
Covault, Craig. Naval Space Ops Crucial to Afghan War. Aviation Week & Space Technology 156:86-88 April 8, 2002.
Covault, Craig. Navy Enlists NASA in the War on Terror. Aviation Week & Space Technology 156:30-31 April 8, 2002. Grier, Peter. The Combination that Worked [airpower and space communications] Air Force Magazine 85:30-32 April 2002. Naval Space Ops Crucial to Afghan War. Aviation Week & Space Technology 156:86-88 April 8, 2002.
Scott, William B. Improved Milspace Key to Antiterrorism War. Aviation Week & Space Technology36-37 December 10, 2001. Scott, William B. Milspace Comes of Age in Fighting Terror. Aviation Week & Space Technology 156:77-78 April 8, 2002. Scott, William B. Winning War Requires Integrated Space 'Net'. Aviation Week & Space Technology 156:28 April 15, 2002.
Simon, Seena. This War Employs Space Operators like None Before. Air Force Times 63:9 September 9, 2002.
Internet Resources
Brown, Lawrence T. You've Got to be Kidding: Empowering the JFACC with Selected Ground Reconnaissance Forces . Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2003. 39 p. Donovan, Paul B. JFMCC: Theater C2 in Need of SOLE [Special Operations Liaison Element]. Newport, RI, Naval War College. Joint Military Operations Department., 2003. 26 p. Doty, Denis P. Command and Control of Special Operations Forces for 21st Century Contingency Operations.. Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2003. 26 p. Books
Allen, Patrick H. F. US Special Operations Command in Action. Shrewsbury, UK, Airlife, 2002. 144 p. Carney, John T. and Schemmer Benjamin F. No Room for Error : The Covert Operations of America's Special Tactics Units from Iran to Afghanistan. New York, Ballantine Books, 2002. 334 p. Moore, Robin. The Hunt for Bin Laden : Task Force Dagger . New York, Random House, 2003. 373 p. A Tribute to Special Operations. Tampa, FL, Faircount, 2003. 200 p. Sullivan, David M. Transforming America's Military : Integrating Unconventional Ground Forces into Combat Air Operations. Newport, RI , Naval War College, 2002. 25 p. Bacon, Lance M. Title: To Hell and Back (first U.S. service members in Afghanistan). Air Force Times 63:14-17 March 24, 2003.
Cox, Matthew. On the Ground with Special Ops. Army Times 63:8+ September 16, 2002.
Crawley, Vince. SOCOM Lauded for Its Focus on 'Customers'. Air Force Times 62:17 March 25, 2002. Fiorenza, Nicholas. Tip of the Spear. Armed Forces Journal International 139:32+ February 2002. Goodman, Glenn. Tip of the Spear: US Army Special Forces Take on High Profile in Global War on Terrorism. Armed Forces Journal International 139:34-35 June 2002.
Goodman, Glenn W. Jr. Made to Order: U. S. Special Operations Forces Display Their Strengths in Afghanistan War. Armed Forces Journal International 139:68-69 December 2001.
Goodman, Glenn W. Jr. The Power of the Word: US Special Operations Forces Used Leaflets and Radio Broadcasts to Sway Afghans. Armed Forces Journal International 139:30-31 February 2002.
Kennedy, Harold. Will Special Ops Success "Change the Face of War"? National Defense 86:20-21 February 2002.
Kiper, Richard L. Caves and Graves: The 19th SF (Special Forces) Group. Special Warfare 15:30-31 September 2002.
Kiper, Richard L. 'Find Those Responsible': The Beginnings of Operation Enduring Freedom. Special Warfare 15:3-5 September 2002.
Kiper, Richard L. Into the Dark: The 3/75th Ranger Regiment. Special Warfare 15:6-7 September 2002.
Kiper, Richard L. 'We Don't Fail': The 112th Special Operations Signal Battalion. Special Warfare 15:8-9 September 2002.
Kiper, Richard L. 'We Support to the Utmost': The 528th Special Operations Support Battalion. Special Warfare 15:13-15 September 2002.
Kreisher, Otto. In the Forefront of the War on Terror. Sea Power 45:41-46 December 2002. The Liberation of Mazar-E Sharif: 5th SF (Special Forces) Group Conducts UW (unconventional warfare) in Afghanistan. Special Warfare 15:34-41 June 2002.
Lowe, Christian. Controllers Key to Autumn Offensive. Air Force Times 62:16 March 25, 2002. Newman, Richard J. Masters of Invisibility. Air Force Magazine 85:36-41 June 2002.
Puckett, Amee. 'If Special Forces Needs It, We Get It'. Army Times 62:15 December 24, 2001.
Rolfsen, Bruce. Horsemanship, Weather Figure into Afghan War Effort. Air Force Times 62:16 March 25, 2002.
Rolfsen, Bruce. Seasoned Fighter Pilot Steers Special Operations Command. Air Force Times 62:25 January 28, 2002.
Rolfsen, Bruce. Spec Ops (special-operations) to Be in on the Chase. Air Force Times 62:10 October 1, 2001.
Schroder, James A. Ambush at 80 Knots: Company B, 3/160th SOAR (Special Operations Aviation Regiment). Special Warfare 15:39-41 September 2002.
Schroder, James A. Forty-Five Seconds on a Hot LZ (landing zone): the 2/160th Soar (Special Operations Aviation Regiment). Special Warfare 15:46-49 September 2002.
Schroder, James A. Observations: ARSOF (Army special-operations Forces) in Afghanistan. Special Warfare 15:50-52 September 2002.
Sepp, Kalev I. Armed Convoy to Kabul: The 3/20th SF (Special Forces) Group. Special Warfare 15:34-35 September 2002.
Sepp, Kalev I. The Campaign in Transition: From Conventional to Unconventional War. Special Warfare 15:24-26 September 2002.
Sepp, Kalev I. Change of Mission: ODA (Operational Detachment A) 394. Special Warfare 15:27-29 September 2002.
Shanker, Thom. Conduct of War Is Redefined By Success of Special Forces. New York Times 151:A1 January 21, 2002. Steele, Dennis. Combat in Hell's Highland. Army 52:38-41 January 2002.
Steele, Dennis. Operation Anaconda: Taking the Fight to the Enemy in Afghanistan. Army 52:19-20 April 2002.
Steele, Dennis. The U.S. Army in Afghanistan: The First Boots on the Ground. Army 51:32 December 2001.
Tiron, Roxanna. Navy Special Warfare Expands Command Role in Joint Force. National Defense 87:40-41 February 2003.
Wall, Robert. MH-47 Crews Detail Conflict's Exploits, Woes. Aviation Week & Space Technology 156:22-23 April 15, 2002. Wall, Robert. Special Ops Accident Surge Prompts Fixes. Aviation Week & Space Technology 157:54 October 7, 2002. Documents
Werenskjold, Craig J. The Effect of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems on Precision Engagement. Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. 54 p. Brinkley, C. Mark. The Weapons: U.S. Might vs. Guerrilla Grit. Air Force Times 62:20 October 15, 2001.
Cox, Matthew. 82nd Deploys to Afghanistan with Artillery. Army Times 62:12 July 8, 2002.
Cox, Matthew. Afghan Location Prohibited Use of Heavy Guns. Army Times 62:9 May 20, 2002.
Mitchell, Joshua D. Afghanistan: Firing Artillery Accurately with Air Force Met Support. Field Artillery
pp 38-41 January-February 2003.
Prochniak, Scott E. and Yates, Dennis W. Counterfire in Afghanistan. Field Artillery15-18 September-October 2002.
Wall, Robert. War Experience Sparks New Weapons Interest. Aviation Week & Space Technology 156:80 April 29, 2002.
Available online at: http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/isaf_dec02.cfm
As of December 2002, there were 22 countries contributing to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) - the peacekeeping mission in Afghanistan sanctioned by the UN Security Council (UNSCR 1386) on Dec. 20, 2001. Includes a table showing 4,829 troops as of Dec. 4, 2002, as well as the numbers of personnel currently committed by contributing countries.
Available online at: http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/peacekeeping.cfm
Periodicals
"On August 11, 2003, the international peacekeeping force in Kabul, known as ISAF, was placed under the strategic command of NATO. Separately from ISAF, the American-led coalition...has been working hard to stabilize the southern bit of Afghanistan, though it is hard to qualify its success...Every plan for Afghanistan made tangible reconstruction a priority. Unfortunately, there has been very little of it."
Available online at: http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/guantanamo.cfm
Recent controversy over the physical and legal treatment of al Qaeda and Taliban detainees at Guantanamo Bay highlights the new challenges unconventional U.S. "war" on terrorism has brought to the interpretation of international law and laws of warfare.
Book call no.: M-U 42953-45a
In military operations involving action against terrorists, the relevance of the laws of war, often now called international humanitarian law, is problematical....Is the law applicable to such operations? Should it be applied in situations different from what was envisaged in treaties? And are detainees "prisoners of war"? A difficulty in applying the law is that governments usually view terrorists, like rebels in civil wars, as simply criminal.
When Operation Enduring Freedom commenced, information operations began with the introduction of public information designed to achieve a tactical or even strategic goal. CENTCOM launched its Afghanistan operations with leaflet showers accompanied by humanitarian airdrops.
Available online at: http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/afghan-econ.cfm
Available online at: http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/fulcrum_main.pl?database=ft_u2&searchid=106365513817163&keyfieldvalue=ADA415725&filename=%2Ffulcrum%2Fdata%2FTR_fulltext%2Fdoc%2FADA415725.pdf
This paper first reviews internal and external threats for post-Taliban Afghanistan. Second, the four pillars of post-conflict
reconstruction--governance and participation, justice and reconciliation, social and economic well-being, and
security--must be appropriately synchronized so as to minimize "spoilers" while building Afghan governmental institutions. While the four-pillar strategy provides a balanced approach to nation-building, security is paramount in establishing the stable environment for long-term peace. Finally, U.S. policy must facilitate the employment of security forces, especially U.S. forces, in support of objectives for sustainable peace.
Doc. call no.: M-U 42953-1 no.02
"The missteps of past interagency coordination evolutions have been analyzed and the lessons learned have been incorporated into joint doctrine. This doctrine has been institutionalized and is used in Afghanistan. While the area is still a war zone, the process of working towards the rebuilding of Afghanistan progressing. Some improvements in the interagency process include: creation of an Office of International Assistance to coordinate the strategic vision for Interagency operations, increased liaison between CINC staffs and UN standing coordination cells and increased active duty Civil Affairs Officers to ensure CMOCs are adequately staffed."--Abstract
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA400934
Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 G3131c
Doc. call no.: M-U 42953-1 no.02-RL31355
"On August 11, 2003, the international peacekeeping force in Kabul, known as ISAF, was placed under the strategic command of NATO. Separately from ISAF, the American-led coalition...has been working hard to stabilize the southern bit of Afghanistan, though it is hard to qualify its success...Every plan for Afghanistan made tangible reconstruction a priority. Unfortunately, there has been very little of it."
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=32W3075170315&db=mth
Discusses the experiences of Reservists of the Army's 421st Quartermaster Company in the preparation of humanitarian aid supplies for airlift to Afghanistan, and the integration of reserve soldiers with those on active duty.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=6912828&db=f5h
Reports on the contribution of U.S. Army Reserve in delivering relief goods to Afghanistan after an earthquake and the cooperation between Army Reservists and the International Security and Assistance Force.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=7476922&db=f5h
Reports the role of the United States air force reserve to the war on terrorism in Afghanistan. Operation of humanitarian drop zone by the C-17 reservists; Activities of KC-135 and KC-10 as pump fuel to bombers aircraft; Security operation for suspicious packages by the reserve security forces specialists.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=5947312&db=f5h
NASA military support is growing, especially to the Navy, where the satellite imagery is used for strike operations.
Also available online at : http://www.afa.org/magazine/april2002/0402combo.asp
Investments in "blue force tracking" and real-time air strike monitoring systems pay dividends in Afghanistan.
Space takes center stage in combat operations and becomes a laboratory for military transformation.
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415381
Abstract: In the last twenty years, airpower has become a decisive force in its own right beginning with Desert Storm followed by Operation Allied Force and most recently Operation Enduring Freedom. Two primary lessons were learned from these three conflicts concerning airpower. First, airpower cannot win wars by itself; it needs the synergistic effects of ground forces. Second, US Special Forces on the ground early dramatically increase the effectiveness of the air campaign. If these lessons are indeed true, how can we make airpower more effective than current constructs? This paper seeks to demonstrate that the airpower can become more effective when SOF or other conventional reconnaissance forces are placed under the control of the JFACC for initial rapid and decisive airpower operations.
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415445
"Functional operational command and control is an absolute necessity for the successful employment of sustained combat operations. During the past ten years, "revolutionary" changes have occurred in the conduct of war. Airpower seems to have become the weapon of choice. Airpower, directed onto targets by Special Operations Forces (SOF), produced devastating results against the Taliban during Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). The command and control network for the war in Afghanistan has functioned well."
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415457
The establishment of the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) in the late 1980's created a single command designed to correct serious deficiencies in the ability of the United States to conduct special operations and engage in low-intensity conflict. Among other things, the creation of USSOCOM intended to correct problems associated with the command and control of Special Operations Forces (SOF). However, these command and control problems still exist today. Recent contingency operations in Afghanistan and the Philippines have shown the command and control difficulties with
SOF.
Operation Enduring Freedom - Afghanistan, pp 140-143. Pictorial only.
Book call no.: 356.1670973 A428u
Book call no.: 356.160973 C289n
Book call no.: 363.320973 M823h
Snake Eater's Ball : Operation Enduring Freedom, by John D. Gresham, pp 170-174+.
Book call no.: 356.160973 T822
"In Afghanistan, air power was significantly enhanced by unconventional forces on the ground. Meanwhile, forces of our ad hoc coalition partners have borne the brunt of high intensity force-on-force land battles. The most recent example of this method for employing forces is the US-led military campaign in Afghanistan. In Central Asia, the forces providing terminal attack control, laser guidance, and target surveillance have been Special Operations Forces, CIA operatives, and indigenous coalition land forces. These are proving to be extremely effective ad hoc arrangements. This study examines the transformation of the American way of war and how to efficiently employ SOF and CIA operatives at the operational level in support of an air-centric operation." -- Abstract
Also available online at: http:/handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401010
Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 S9492t
U.S. military is being urged to follow the customer-focused example of the U.S. Special Operations Command when rushing military equipment to war fighters in Afghanistan. Also discusses plans for Marine amphibious ready groups to notify SOCOM headquarters before deploying so they can be included in future war and contingency plans.
Reports on the contributions of US allies' special operations forces.
Focuses on the role of special operations forces in Operation Enduring Freedom, and includes information about Navy SEALs and Special Warfare Combatantcraft Crewmen.
Reports on the improvement in the precision bombing and targeting capabilities of the U.S. Air Force combat controllers in the U.S. war in Afghanistan.
Examines how United States Special Operations forces in Afghanistan have reshaped war-fighting doctrine.
US Army special operations forces believe that Afghanistan's high mountains and rough terrain could have thwarted several missions without the small force of MH-47E helicopters to call on.
"A precipitous spike in aircraft accidents during the past year has prompted U.S. Air Force Special Operations Command to provide pilots additional training and has triggered interest in upgrades to the organization's fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters."
See Section III: Afghanistan UAV Employment, pp 21-30.
Also available online at: http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/fulcrum_main.pl?database=ft_u2&searchid=10631208067867&keyfieldvalue=ADA406036&filename=%2Ffulcrum%2Fdata%2FTR_fulltext%2Fdoc%2FADA406036.pdf
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525 W487e
The Pentagon is exploring whether to equip the AC-130 gunship with unmanned aircraft and standoff missiles so it can duplicate its success in Afghanistan in future wars.
