Adinolfi, Frank J. and others. Operation Just Cause: "This Is What We Train For". National Guard 44:18-19+ Mar '90.

Aitken, William S. (Maj, USMC). Combat Service Support During Operation Just Cause. Marine Corps Gazette 74:24-25 Dec '90.

Anderson, Casey. (Gen) Russ Assumed Army Would Report Error in Panama Bombing. Air Force Times 50:10 Jul 16 '90.

Armbrister, Trevor. Noriega Overthrow May Help Stabilize a Turbulent Region. Sea Power 33:94-96+ Jan '90.

Army Psywarriors: A History of U.S. Army Psychological Operations. Special Warfare 5:18-25 Oct '92.

Aronson, Bernard W. Panama--Road to Recovery. U.S. Department of State Dispatch 2:576-579 Aug 5 '91.

Ballagh, Robert S., Jr. (Col, USA) and Nabb, Robert A. (1stLt, USA). Red Devil Redlegs: Fire Support in Operation Just Cause. Field Artillery, pp 40-42, Oct '90.

Bennett, William C. Just Cause and the Principles of War. Military Review 71:2-13 Mar '91.

Berry, F. Clifton, Jr. Massive Airlift Stabilized Situation. National Defense 75:6-8 Dec '90.

Bierman, John and others. Noriega on Trial. Maclean's 103:16-19 Jan 15 '90.

Bird, Julie. AF Women Filled Many Roles in Panama Mission. Air Force Times 50:6+ Jan 29 '90.

Bird, Julie. DOD: "Friendly" Fire May Have Hurt 21 in Panama Action. Air Force Times 50:7 Jul 2 '90.

Bird, Julie. Special Ops Wing (1st SOW from Hurlburt Field, FL) Led Attack on Panama, Flew Noriega to U.S. Air Force Times 50:12 Jan 22 '90.

Bond, David F. Six F-117As Flown in Panama Invasion: Air Force Broadens Daytime Operations. Aviation Week & Space Technology 132:30 Mar 5 '90.

Boot, William. Wading Around in the Panama Pool. Columbia Journalism Review 28:18-20 Mar '90.
Instead of being taken to cover combat stories, journalists in the war pool were led on tours of Manuel Noriega's secret hideouts.

Boyko, Robert G. (Maj, USA). Just Cause MOUT (military operations on urban terrain) Lessons Learned. Infantry 81:28-32 May-Jun '91.

Brock, David. Washinton's Long Tolerance Turns into a Day of Reckoning. Insight 6:26-28 Jan 8 '90.
The history of relations between Panama and the U.S. are discussed.

Brown, Robert K. U.S. Warriors Topple Panamanian Thugs. Soldier of Fortune 15:56-61+ Apr '90.

Budahn, P. J. War of Words (the press vs the military in Panama). Air Force Times 50:39+ Feb 5 '90.

Bush, George. Panama--The Decision To Use Force. Vital Speeches of the Day 56:194-195 Jan 15 '90.

Calvert, Peter. The U.S. Intervention in Panama. Small Wars & Insurgencies 1:307-314 Aug '90.

Cappaccio, Tony. U.S. Commando Units Were Stars in Panama. Defense Week 11:16 Feb 5 '90.

Chavira, Ricardo. Meanwhile, Back in Panama. Time 136:38 Nov 26 '90.
One year after the U.S. invasion in Dec 1989, Panama is still a mess.

Click, Robert L. (LtCol, USMC). Combat Jump (in Operation Just Cause). Army 42:24-28+ Aug '92.

Cockburn, Alexander. Beat the Devil: Beneath a Peak in Darien: The Conquest of Panama. Nation 250:114-115 Jan 29 '90.
The U.S. Invasion of Panama is discussed.

Collins, Steven N. Just Cause Up Close: A Light Infantryman's View of LIC (low intensity conflict). Parameters 22:55-65 Summer '92.

Combat Planning Dominates Panama's Communications. Signal 44:95 Mar '90.

Combelles, Pascale M. Operation Just Cause: A Military-Media Fiasco. Military Review 75:77-85 May-Jun '95.

Cooper, Marc. The Press and the Panama Invasion: Missing the Story. Nation 250:850-854 Jun 18 '90.

Cronin, R. Barry. Sister Service Perspective on Military Police Operations. Military Police 51:22-23 Jun '91.

D'Amato, Anthony. Agora: U.S. Forces in Panama: Defenders, Aggressors or Human Rights Activists? American Journal of International Law 84:494-524 Apr '90.

Daniels, James B. (Capt, USA). Mechanized Forces in MOUT (military operations on urban terrain): M113 Lessons from Operation Just Cause. Infantry 86:8-11 May-Jun '96.

DeFrancisco, Joseph E. (Col, USA). Bayonet Artillery in Operation Just Cause. Field Artillery, pp 6-11, Jun '90.

DeTreux, Kenneth M. (1stLt, USMC). Infantry in Low-Intensity Conflict: Observations from Operation Just Cause. Marine Corps Gazette 74:63-66 Sep '90.

Dickson, Sandra H. Understanding Media Bias: The Press and the U.S. Invasion of Panama. Journalism Quarterly 71:809-819 Winter '94.

Dorr, Robert F. and Archer, Bob. The Invasion of Panama. World Air Power Journal 1:12-15 Spring '90.

"Drug War": The U.S. Military and National Security. Air Force Law Review 34:109-152 '91.

Ender, Morten G. G.I. Phone Home: The Use of Telecommunications by the Soldiers of Operation Just Cause. Armed Forces and Society 21:435-453 Spring '95.

Fact Sheet: Panama 2 Years after Operation Just Cause. U.S. Department of State Dispatch 3:96-98 Feb 10 '92.

Fact Sheet: Panama after Operation Just Cause. U.S. Department of State Dispatch 2:78-79 Feb 4 '91.

Fazio, Carlos. The Invasion Before the Invasion: Latin America Looked the Other Way. World Press Review 37:20+ Feb '90.
Latin America condemned the U.S. invasion of Panama, but before it came, when the course of events was foreseeable, Latin America played the U.S. game.

Few Lessons Were Learned in Panama Invasion: Just Cause Victory Came Despite Ineptitude. Armed Forces Journal International 130:54-56 Jun '93.

Finnegan, Patrick (Col, USA). Operational Law. Military Review 76:29-37 Mar-Apr '96.

Fire When Ready, Ma'am Time 135:29 Jan 15 '90.
Women participated in modern combat for the first time in U.S. history in the invasion of Panama.

Fishel, John T. (LtCol, USAR). The Murky World of Conflict Termination: Planning and Executing the 1989-90 Restoration of Panama. Small Wars & Insurgencies 3:58-71 Spring '92.

Fishel, John T. (LtCol, USAR) and Downie, Richard D. (Maj, USA). Taking Responsibility for Our Actions? Establishing Order and Stability in Panama. Military Review 72:66-77 Apr '92.

Foreign Affairs: Western Hemisphere. Current Digest of the Soviet Press 41:22-23 Jan 17 '90.
The U.S. Dec 20, 1989 invasion of Panama is discussed.

Fuentes, Carlos. Some Lessons Learned from Panama: A Strong Latin Condemnation. World Press Review 37:17-19 Feb '90.

Fulghum, David. EF-111 Crews Practicing the Art of Deception. Air Force Times 50:14-15+ Mar 12 '90.

Fulghum, David and others. Operation Just Cause--The Air Force Role in Panama. Air Force Times 50:14-19+ Jan 8 '90.

Fulghum, David A. Army Tells Congress That Aviators Rehearsed U.S. Invasion of Panama. Aviation Week & Space Technology 132:23 Jun 11 '90.
Aviators rehearsed the invasion of Panama by flying at night using night vision goggles.

Gan, V. Foreign Affairs: Western Hemisphere. Current Digest of the Soviet Press 42:25-26 Feb 7 '90.
The capture of Manuel Noriega during Operation Just Cause is discussed.

Garrett, Kenneth C. In Both Jungle and Urban Operations (534th MP Company, 92nd MP Battalion, Panama). Military Police, pp 40-41, Jun '92.

Gen Myers Describes Panama Effort, Industry Forecast. Signal 44:85-86 Apr '90.

Gilboa, Eytan. The Panama Invasion Revisited: Lessons for the Use of Force in the Post Cold War Era. Political Science Quarterly 110:539-562 Winter '95-'96.

Ginovsky, John and others. Operation Just Cause. Air Force Times 50:4p sup following p 34 Jan 1 '90.

Ginovsky, John. Operation Just Cause--300-Plus Airlift Missions Flown. Air Force Times 50:60 Jan 8 '90.

Gold, Philip. A Forceful Policy of Human Rights. Insight 6:22-23 Jan 15 '90.

Goldman, Francisco. What Price Panama? Harper's 281:71-75+ Sep '90.
The Panamanian barrio of El Chorrillo, effectively leveled during the U.S. invasion, is profiled.

Graham, Robert. Grounds for Doubt. World Press Review 37:18 Feb '90.
The legal grounds used by the Bush administration to justify its intervention in Panama are being questioned by some international jurists.

Greenhut, Jeffrey and others. Civil Affairs in Operation Just Cause. Special Warfare 4:28-37 Winter '91.

Gutierrez-Villalobos, Sonia and others. Press Support for the U.S. Administration during the Panama Invasion: Analyses of Strategic and Tactical Critique in the Domestic Press. Journalism Quarterly 71:618-627 Autumn '94.

Hammond, Kevin J. and Sherman, Frank. Sheridans in Panama (chronological account of the employment of armor in Operation Just Cause). Armor 99:8-15 Mar-Apr '90.

Hasenauer, Heike. Panama: The Wounded Come Home. Soldiers 45:33-36 Feb '90.

Hitchens, Christopher. Minority Report. Nation 251:722 Dec 10 '90.
DOD maintains that only 202 civilians died during the Dec 1989 invasion, but a CBS "60 Minutes" investigation claims that as many as 4,000 may be buried in mass graves.

Hughes, David. Night Drop in Panama Surprises Noriega's Forces. Aviation Week & Space Technology 132:30-31 Jan 1 '90.

Hughes, David. Night Invasion of Panama Required Special Operations Aircraft, Training. Aviation Week & Space Technology 132:61-64 Feb 19 '90.

Hughes, David. Panamanians Work To Restore Airline, Airport Services. Aviation Week & Space Technology 132:70-71 Jan 29 '90.

Jaco, Charles. Missing the Action in Panama. Quill 78:11 Nov '90.
Reporters believe the restrictive relationship between the Pentagon and the press needs to be rethought.

Jamieson, Barbara. Promises Broken, Illusions Lost. Nation 256:336-339 Mar 15 '93.
A reassessment by Panamanians of the U.S. invasion of Panama is presented.

Jenkins, Holman, Jr. Now for the Tough Part: Sorting Out the Big Mess. Insight 6:14-16 Jan 29 '90.
An accurate estimate of the losses suffered by Panamanian businesses is not available.

Just Cause: How Well Did We Do? National Review 42:14 Jan 22 '90.

Just Cause Provides Lessons Learned in Combat Operations. National Guard 45:26-28+ Aug '91.

Kandela, Peter. Round the World: Panama--Casualties of the U.S. Invasion. Lancet 335:1025 Apr 28 '90.
Available on ProQuest CD-ROM.

Kimberly, Jack L., Jr. We Owned the Night (night mission capabilities during Operation Just Cause). Journal of Electronic Defense 13:33-34+ Oct '90.

Kirkland, Faris R. and others. Human Dimension in Force Projection: Discipline under Fire. Military Review 76:57-64 Mar-Apr '96.

Kolb, Richard K. A Just Cause in Panama. VFW, Veterans of Foreign Wars Magazine 80:24-27 Sep '92.
Available on ProQuest CD-ROM.

Lapham, Lewis H. Notebook: Deja Vu. Harper's 280:12-17 Mar '90.
The U.S. invasion of Panama is discussed.

Leich, Marian Nash and Vassar, Lori Y. Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law. American Journal of International Law 84:536-549 Apr '90.
Several cases that illustrate how the U.S. practices international law are examined, including the use of force in Panama.

The Logic of Intervention: "Plenty of Provocation". World Press Review 37:19-20 Feb '90.

Lopez, Ramon. Baptism of Fire--New Units See Action in Panama. International Defense Review 23:749-751 Jul '90.

Maechling, Charles, Jr. Washington's Illegal Invasion. Foreign Policy 79:113-131 Summer '90.

Magnuson, Ed and others. Passing the Manhood Test. Time 135:43 Jan 8 '90.
Operation Just Cause was deemed a political and a tactical military success.

Magnuson, Ed and Moody, John. A Guest Who Wore Out His Welcome. Time 135:26-27 Jan 15 '90.
Noriega's eleven-day stay at the papal embassy in Panama City, Panama is described.

Malcom, Joseph A. (LtCol, USA). LAO's (logistics assistance offices) Role in Just Cause: A CONUS Perspective. Army Logistician, pp 6-9, Jul-Aug '90.

Manning, Steven. Government/Special Report: The U.S. Invasion of Panama. Scholastic Update (Teacher's Edition) 122:8-11 Feb 9 '90.
Available on ProQuest CD-ROM.

Mauskapf, Robert P. (Col, USMC) and Powers, Earl W. (Maj, USMC). LAVs (light armored vehicles) in action (in Panama). Marine Corps Gazette 74:50-54+ Sep '90.

McConnell, Malcolm. Measure of a Man. Reader's Digest 137:61-66 Oct '90.
John Connors, a Navy SEAL, is profiled as a hero. He was killed as his unit attempted to secure an airport in the U.S. invasion of Panama.

Mermin, Jonathan. Conflict in the Sphere of Concensus. Political Communication 13:181-194 Apr '96.
An analysis of critical reporting on three military interventions, including the Panama invasion, that won bipartisan support in Washington is presented.

Meyersohn, Jonathan. A Pawn of War. New York Times Magazine, p 23, Jan 21 '90.
A chronology of events surrounding the author's coverage of the invasion of Panama.

Miles, Donna. Panama: Operation Just Cause. Soldiers 45:20-24 Feb '90.

Miles, Donna. Real-Life Mission Helping Real-Life People (Army Civil Affairs in Panama). Soldiers 45:6-9 Apr '90.

Miles, Donna. Women of Just Cause. Soldiers 45:21-24 Mar '90.

Miller, Timothy N. Posthaste to Panama--"Just Cause" They Were Needed. Officer 66:22-26 Mar '90.

Millet, Richard L. The Aftermath of Intervention: Panama 1990. Journal of Interamerican Studies & World Affairs 32:1-15 Spring '90.

Ministry in Combat Operations Military Chaplains' Review, pp 1-96, Summer '90.
Special issue on ministry during Operation Just Cause.

Morgan, Daniel K. (Maj, USAF). Operation Just Cause: A Medical Logistics Perspective. Air Force Journal of Logistics 14:2-5 Summer '90.

Morrocco, John D. F-117A Fighter Used in Combat for First Time in Panama. Aviation Week & Space Technology 132:32-33 Jan 1 '90.

Morton, Brian. And Just Why Did We Invade Panama? Dissent 37:148-150 Spring '90.

Nelson, Soraya S. Special Report: Wounded (in Operation Just Cause). Air Force Times 50:6-8+ Jan 22 '90.

Oelrich, Frederick C. 200K Call-Up: Just Cause vs Desert Shield. Special Warfare 5:18-24 Mar '92.

Operation Just Cause. Navy Times 39:6-8+ Jan 8 '90.

Operation Just Cause (air defense artillery in Panama) Air Defense Artillery, pp 4-11, Jul-Aug '90.

Panama: Learning to Crawl. Economist 316:49-52 Sep 22 '90.
The economic conditions in Panama nine months after the U.S. invasion are discussed.

Paparone, Christopher R. (Maj, USA) and Jeong, John C. (Maj, USA). Operation Just Cause--Combat Service Support Soldiers under Fire. Army Logistician, pp 8-9, May-Jun '90.

Parker, John E., Jr. (Maj, USA). United States Compliance with Humanitarian Law Respecting Civilians During Operation Just Cause. Military Law Review 133:131-140 Summer '91.

Peter, Lawrence T. (LT, USN). Defending Panama after Noriega. U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 116:64-67 Jun '90.

Pickering, Thomas R. Democracy Finally Returns to Panama. ROA National Security Report 8:1-6 Feb '90.

Preston, Joseph W. Just Cause--Intelligence Support to Special Operations Aviation. Military Intelligence 16:16-18 Jul-Sep '90.

Robinson Linda. Dwindling Options in Panama. Foreign Affairs 68:187-205 Winter '89.

Roos, John G. Did President Bush Jump the Gun in Ordering the Invasion of Panama? Armed Forces Journal International 130:10+ Sep '92.

Ropelewski, Robert R. Planning, Precision, and Surprise Led to Panama Successes. Armed Forces Journal International 127:26-28+ Feb '90.

Ropp, Steve C. Panama: The United States Invasion and Its Aftermath. Current History 90:113-116+ Mar '91.

Rosello, Victor M. (Maj, USA). Operation Just Cause: The Divisional MI Battalion, the Nonlinear Battlefield, and AirLand Operations--Future. Military Intelligence 17:28-31 Jul-Sep '91.

Rui, Chang. U.S. Invasion of Panama: A Glaring Act of Hegemonism. Beijing Review 33:14 Jan 8 '90.

Sabrosky, Alan N. Panama 1989: Deposing a Dictator. Small Wars & Insurgencies 1:303-306 Aug '90.

Salisbury, Steve. Pain and Panic in Panama: Searching for Justice after Just Cause. Soldier of Fortune 16:28-33+ Aug '91.

Scicchitano, J. Paul and others. Operation Just Cause--Panama: Stories of Friends Made, of Friends Lost, of Friends Left Behind. Army Times 50:6-18 Jan 8 '90.

Serrill, Michael S. and others. The Postinvasion Blues. Time 135:28 Jan 29 '90.
The souring relations since the U.S. invasion of Panama with several countries in Latin America are discussed.

Shuger, Scott. New Weapons, Old Problems. Washington Monthly 22:43-49 Oct '90.
The F-117's poor performance in the U.S. invasion of Panama is recounted.

Shultz, Richard H., Jr. The Post-Conflict Use of Military Forces: Lessons from Panama, 1989-91. Journal of Strategic Studies 16:145-172 Jun '93.

Siemens, Jochen. Bush's Big Stick: It Drives Noriega Out but Raises Old Questions. World Press Review 37:15-16 Feb '90.

Social Science and the Citizen: Support from Panama for U.S. Invasion. Society 27:2-3 Mar-Apr '90.

Steele, Dennis. Operation Just Cause. Army 40:34-37+ Feb '90.

Steele, Dennis. The Special Forces Today: Few "Knuckledraggers", One Rambo. Army 42:34-38 Apr '92.
Covers Operation Just Cause.

Stein, M. L. Panamanian Newspaper at Odds with CBS. Editor & Publisher 123:18-19 Oct 20 '90.
Two officials of Panama's leading newspaper, "La Prensa" dispute a CBS "60 Minutes" TV report that thousands of civilians were killed in the invasion of Panama.

Stiner, Carl W. (Gen, USA). Special Operations Forces: Strategic Potential for the Future. Special Warfare 6:2-9 May '93.

Stiner, Carl W. (Gen, USA). The Strategic Employment of Special Operations Forces. Military Review 71:2-13 Jun '91.
Covers Operation Just Cause.

Supporting Just Cause. Army Logistician, pp 2-5, Jul-Aug '90.

Swain, Thomas E. FA (field artillery) and LIC (low-intensity conflict): An Overview. Field Artillery, pp 4-7, Apr '91.

Tacitus. Few Lessons Were Learned in Panama Invasion. Armed Forces Journal International 130:54-56 Jun '93.
See also letters of rebuttal and rejoinder: Scholes, Edison E. (MajGen, USA). Biased and Twisted. 130:3 Aug '93; Needham, Thomas H. (MajGen, USA). The Just Cause Debate in Our Pages Continues. 131:4+ Oct '93; Tacitus. Dear Gen Scholes. 131:8 Oct '93.

Taras, Gordon J. Observations from Just Cause. Engineer, pp 62-65, Apr '92.

Terry, James P. Law in Support of Policy in Panama. Naval War College Review 43:110-118 Autumn '90.

Thomas, Evan. From Abyss to Brink. Newsweek 115:26-27 Jan 8 '90.
The U.S. invasion of Panama was the first time in 45 years that the U.S. sent troops into combat for a goal unrelated to communism.

Thurman, Maxwell R. (Gen, USAR) and Hartzog, William (LtGen, USA). Simultaniety: The Panama Case. Army 43:16-20+ Nov '93.

Tracy, Lawrence L. "Yankee, Stay Here" Summarizes Aftermath of Operation Just Cause (events leading to the crisis). ROA National Security Report 8:1-5 Mar '90.

Vasilyev, Gennady. The View from Moscow: "Back to the Future". World Press Review 37:22-23 Feb '90.
The U.S. military intervention is a violation of international law and a throwback to previous eras.

Waller, Douglas. The Force of the Future. Newsweek 117:29 Jun 17 '91.
The success of the special forces in the invasion of Panama followed by successes in the Persian Gulf war made believers of many sceptics in the Pentagon.

Waller, Douglas and Barry, John. Inside the Invasion. Newsweek 115:28-31 Jun 25 '90.
An investigation into the invasion of Panama revealed that numerous failures took place alongside the successes.

Ward, William F., Jr. (MajGen, USA). Performance in Panama Underscores Readiness. Army 40:104-107+ Oct '90.

Welton, Courteney S. Expertise in Reserve--Reservists Equal to the Task for Panama. Officer 66:11-15 Mar '90.

Wood, Samuel S., Jr. (Maj, USA). Joint Fire Support in Low-Intensity Conflict. Military Review 71:14-18 Mar '91.

Yates, Lawrence A. Joint Task Force Panama: Just Cause--Before and After. Military Review 71:58-71 Oct '91.

Zeidenberg, Leonard. DOD Criticizes U.S. Handling of Panama Coverage. Broadcasting 118:100-101 Mar 26 '90.

Dickstein, Joseph. Panama Wars. Minneapolis, Quality Video, 1994. 1 videocassette (ca 35 min).
Produced in cooperation with the Department of Defense.
VIDEO 972.87053 P187