Return to Bibliography List
The appearance of hyperlinks does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Air Force of this Web site or the information, products, or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities such as military exchanges and morale, welfare and recreation sites, the U.S. Air Force does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. Such links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this DoD Web site.
All sites last accessed
March 12, 2003.
AirForceLINK.
Available at: http://www.af.mil/search
Use "Southern Watch" as a search term to find articles concerning the operation.
Facts on File World News: Iraqi No-Fly Zones Map.
Available at: http://www.facts.com/cd/g00058.htm
FAS (Federation of American Scientists) Military Analysis Network: Operation Southern Watch.
Available at: http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/southern_watch.htm
Offers an overview of the operation and a chronology of significant events 1991-1999. Also provides links to appropriate documents and other web sites.
Joint Task Force SouthWest Asia.
Available at: https://wwwmil.jtfswa.af.mil/
AOR section offers the task force organization. Other sections such as 'News" are intended as general support for armed force members.
Byman, Daniel L. and Waxman, Matthew C. Confronting Iraq: U.S. Policy and the Use of Force since the Gulf War. Santa Monica, CA, Rand, 2000. 101 p.
Establishing a Southern No-Fly Zone (August 1992-Present), pp 48-52.
Responding to Inspection and No-Fly Zone Standoffs, pp 52-55.
Book call no.: 327.730567 B993c
Ramsbotham, Oliver and Woodhouse, Tom. Humanitarian Intervention in Contempory Conflict: A Reconceptualization. Cambridge, MA, Polity Press, 1996. 264 p.
Humanitarian Intervention in Iraq (includes the text of UN Security Council Resolution 688), pp 69-85.
Book call no.: 327.16 R181h
United States. Congress. House of Representatives. Committee on Armed Services. United States Policy Toward Iraq. Hearing. 106th Congress, 1st Session. Washington, GPO, March 1999. 53 p.
Appendix -- Opening Statement, pp 32-36.
Appendix -- The Use of Airpower in the US-Iraq Confrontation, by Thomas A. Keaney, pp 41-44.
Book call no.: 327.730567 U58ug
McKelvey, Michael V. Air Power in MOOTW: A Critical Analysis of Using No-Fly Zones to Support National Objectives. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, 1997. 35 p. Petersen, David E. The No-Fly Zones in Iraq: Air Occupation. Fort Leavenworth, KS, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1996. 103 p.
Uses Iraqi no-fly zones as a case study throughout the paper.
Doc call no.: M-U 43122 M1542a
Doc call no.: M-U 42022 P484n
Assignment Qatar. Air Force Magazine 79:30-37 October 1996. Anderson, Jon R. Air Support Team Aids Land Forces in Kuwait. Air Force Times 53:18 March 15, 1993.
Anderson, Jon R. Troop Strength in Kuwait Will Reach 30,000. Air Force Times 57:3 September 30, 1996.
Arana-Barradas, Louis A. Southern Watch Continues Despite Bombing (Khobar Towers, Saudi Arabia). Airman 40:18-20 August 1996. Bender, Bryan. Briefing: Iraq -- Poisoned Cigars, Perhaps? (How long can air operations continue?). Jane's Defence Weekly 33:21-25 April 12, 2000.
Bird, Julie. Desert Strike: The Mission in the Gulf Widens. Air Force Times 57:3-4 September 16, 1996. Bird, Julie. The Mission (in Saudi Arabia). Air Force Times 57:16+ June 30, 1997.
Bird, Julie. Special Report: Southern Watch. Air Force Times 53:16-18 September 28, 1992.
Blanche, Ed. War of Attrition as Iraq Absorbs the Ongoing US Punishment. Jane's Intelligence Review 11:27-33 June 1999.
Bruce, James. Country Briefing: Saudi Arabia: Bombing Makes Hard Role Harder for USA. Jane's Defence Weekly 26:23+ July 10, 1996. Chumley, Robin A. Southern Watch. Airman 37:2-7 January 1993.
Diamond, John. "Sending Mixed Signals: Pilots Exasperated over Retreat Order in No-fly Zone. Air Force Times 58:8 May 18, 1998. Dunn, Michael Collins. Watch on the Gulf. Air Force Magazine 78:60-64 April 1995.
Gertz, Bill. Miracle in the Desert. Air Force Magazine 80:60-64 January 1997. Goebel, Brian. Southern Watch: First Marine Corps Harriers Patrol Iraqi No-Fly Zone. Marines 25:12-13 May 1996.
Gration, Scott. Combat Smart, Inherently Safe. Combat Edge 4:10-11 May 1996. Hayward, George. Desert Relief. Airman 43:40-41 June 1999. Hayward, George. On the Borderline. Airman 43:30-33 July 1999. Hayward, George. The Rescuers. Airman 43:24-29 July 1999. Hayward, George. The Tip of the Spear (332nd Air Expeditionary Group). Airman 43:2-7 June 1999. Iraq: The Forgotten War. Defense Monitor 28, no.4:5-7 1999. Johnson, Ray. On Watch. Airman 42:46-48 May 1998. Jumper, John P. Ready to Answer the Call (Operation Southern Watch). Combat Edge 4:4-6 May 1996. Kane, Pamela and others. Desert Calm Is Anything but...Idaho's (124th Fighter Group) Southern Watch over Saddam Hussein. National Guard Magazine 47:22-24 September 1993.
Kitfield, James. The Long Deployment (in Saudi Arabia). Air Force Magazine 83:31-36 July 2000.
Ledford, Tranette. N.C. (North Carolina) Guard Joins "Task Force Panther". Army Times 59:22 September 28, 1998. Marston, Gregory and Regan, Mike. Total Force Personified: First Guard Warthogs in Kuwait. National Guard Magazine 50:60+ September 1996. Masko, David P. Gulf Deterrence: A Show of Strength. Airman 39:2-5 March 1995.
Matthews, William. "Light and Lethal": From Austere Bases in the Jordanian Desert, Air Force People Keep Iraq in Check. Air Force Times 56:14-17 July 1, 1996. McAndrews, Kevin. Iron Falcon '96 (District of Columbia ANG 121st Fighter Sqadron). National Guard Magazine 50:16-19 July 1996.
McKenna, Pat. Air Jordan: Slammin' and Jammin' over the No-Fly Zone. Airman 40:2-7 August 1996. McKenna, Pat. Controlling the Air. Airman 40:4-7 October 1996. McMichael, William H. Watch on the Desert. Air Force Magazine 82:63-67 March 1999. Nelson, Michael A. and Katz, Douglas J. Unity of Control: Joint Air Operations in the Gulf -- Part Two. Joint Force Quarterly 2:59-63 Summer 1994. Newman, Richard J. U.S. Pilots Hit the Strike Zone. U.S. News & World Report 127:28-29 September 13, 1999. Pexton, Patrick. (SecDef) Perry: "We Are Not Playing Games"--More U. S. Planes Head to the Gulf after Iraqi Attack. Air Force Times 57:4 September 23, 1996. Pexton, Patrick. Tensions with Iraq Ease: U. S. Buildup in the Region Quiets Saddam. Air Force Times 57:3 September 30, 1996.
Powell, Douglas. Iraq: 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit. Marines 26:7-9 November 1997. Schwalier, Terryl J. In the Arena: Challenge and Opportunity. Combat Edge 4:28-30 May 1996. Watkins, Steven. No End in Sight: Troops in the Gulf Dig in for a Lengthy Assignment. Air Force Times 55:12-15 December 19, 1994.
Weller, Marc. The US, Iraq and the Use of Force in a Unipolar World. Survival 41:81-100 Winter 1999-2000.
Captioned pictures describe the 4417th Air Expeditionary Force (Provisional)'s four month mission in Qatar in support of Operation Southern Watch.
Also available online at:
Expansion of the no-fly zone in southern Iraq.
The Khobar Towers bombing shattered the low profile of US presence in Saudi Arabia and Operation Southern Watch.
Airmen tell senators it is time to pack up and go home.
Saudi Arabia's Prince Sultan Air Base is transformed into the new hub of Southern Watch operations. Hailed a 'logistics miracle'.
Reviews the operations and mission of the 4404th Operations Group.
'In a new program called Guarded Skies, the Air National Guard is giving active duty airmen additional relief from rotations to Southern Watch'.
Also available online at: http://www.af.mil/news/airman/0699/guard.htm
Describes the mission and operations at Ali Al Salem Air Base just 39 miles from Iraq and literally at the forefront of Operation Southern Watch.
Also available online at: http://www.af.mil/news/airman/0799/salem.htm
Details the search and rescue operations for Southern Watch.
Also available online at: http://www.af.mil/news/airman/0799/rescue.htm
At Ahmed Al Jaber Air Base the expeditionary aerospace force is taking shape with the 332nd Air Expeditionary Group as an operational example.
Also available online at: http://www.af.mil/news/airman/0699/jaber.htm
Discusses the military confrontation, the shifting objectives, and views in the region concerning the operation.
Briefly mentions Al Jaber Air Base, number of sorties and fighter units of Southern Watch.
Also available online at: http://www.af.mil/news/airman/0598/kuwait.htm
Discusses safety factors and operations for Southern Watch.
Mentions training before deployment to Kuwait, basis for call-up, etc.
Discusses preparation and deployment, innovations, and the combat search and rescue missions.
Discusses the airpower expeditionary force stationed near Azraq, Jordan for Southern Watch missions.
Reviews the 4417th Air Expeditionary Force operating from Shaheed Mwaffaq Air Base, Jordan.
Also available online at: http://www.af.mil/news/airman/0896/air.htm
Describes a typical Southern Watch mission.
Also available online at: http://www.af.mil/news/airman/1096/air.htm
'Air Force U-2s, AWACS, and Rivet Joints have provided the eyes and ears of the no-fly zone'.
Reviews the mission, structure, effectiveness, and lessons learned for establishing and conducting Joint Task Force Southwest Asia and Operation Southern Watch (as of the two year mark).
Also available online at: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/jfq_pubs/jfq1005.pdf
Allied jets have attacked about 380 targets in Iraq in 1999. However, the only result seems to be an intensified stalemate and confusion on what to do next.
Iraq defies the expanded no-fly zone.
Briefly discusses their deployment to Operation Southern Watch.
Reviews the USAF's contribution to the operation through the 4404th Wing (Provisional).
Especially note pages 94-97 discussion of the no-fly zones as an abuse of the doctrine of humanitarian action.