Available online at: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pg.html
Includes information on the Spratly Islands.
Elferink, Alex G. Oude. The Islands in the South China Sea: How Does Their
Presence Limit the Extent of the High Seas and the Area and Maritime Zones of
the Mainland Coasts? Ocean Development & International Law.
April 2001. 22 pages.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=4425180&db=aph
A number of small islands (Paracel Islands, Pratas Islands, Spratly Islands, and
Scarborough Reef) may have a considerable effect on the extent of maritime zones
in the South China Sea.
Federation of American Scientists. Spratly Islands.
Available online at: http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/war/spratly.htm
Gjetnes, Marius. The Spratlys: Are They Rocks or Islands?
Ocean Development & International Law. April 2001. 14 p.Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=4425179&db=aph
The South China Sea is a multilateral battlefield of conflicting claims to sovereignty over island features and vast areas of maritime jurisdiction. In the middle of the South China Sea lies the Spratly archipelago--some 150 small island features to which six states have made claims. The core of the SCS dispute is access to natural resources, and the rival claims are largely based on the assumption that whoever has sovereignty can also claim large areas of ocean space attached to the islands.
Kang, Tong H. Vietnam and the Spratly Islands Dispute Since 1992.
Monterey CA, Naval Postgraduate School , June 2000. 102 p.
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA380048
This thesis examines Vietnam's approach to the Spratlys dispute since 1992. It
concludes that: Hanoi's wooing of ASEAN has helped restrain China and the other
claimants in the dispute; that Hanoi's rapprochement with Beijing has helped to
limit China from seizing areas in the Spratlys occupied by Vietnam; that Hanoi's
diplomacy has slowed Chinese expansionism in the Spratlys, while Hanoi's
military build-up since 1992 has not; and Hanoi's appeal to UNCLOS has not
helped resolve the dispute on its terms. To resolve the dispute in a peaceful
manner, Hanoi must collaborate with the ASEAN states, Taiwan, and the larger
Asia-Pacific community to prevent Beijing from dominating the Spratlys and the
South China Sea.
Rosenberg, David. The South China Sea.
Available online at: http://www.middlebury.edu/SouthChinaSea/
An online resource for scholars and policy-makers interested in South China Sea
regional development, environment, and security issues. Includes online reports
and articles. Maps section includes an interactive map of the Spratly Islands,
at: http://www.middlebury.edu/SouthChinaSea/macand.
Ruscheinski, Stephen J. China's Energy Security and the South China
Sea. Fort Leavenworth, KS, Army Command and General Staff College, May
2002. 128 p.
Available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA407062
This study questions whether China believes access to the South China Sea is of
vital interest, one directly connected to the survival, safety, and vitality of
its future. Initial discussion focuses on review of Chinese economic and energy
policies. Subsequent analysis details Chinese behavior within the broader
context of international relations theory, concluding with discussion on Chinese
policy, resource, and sovereignty issues specific to the South China Sea.
Sanqiang Jian. Multinational Oil Companies and the Spratly Dispute.
Journal of Contemporary China.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9711101084&db=aph
This article has five sections. The first describes the background of the
dispute in the Spratly Islands. The second section discusses the national
policies of the host countries to attract western oil companies to engage in oil
exploration in the Spratlys. The third section analyzes oil companies' attitudes
and their corporate strategies for exploration there. The fourth section uses
the case of the Wanan Bei dispute to illustrate the role of western oil
companies' in the dispute. The final section summarizes the influence made by
the western oil companies.
Thao, Nguyen Hong. Vietnam and the Code of Conduct for the South China
Sea. Ocean Development & International Law. April 2001.
26 p.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=4425183&db=aph
This article portrays and characterizes the Vietnamese position toward the
settlement of the island disputes in the South China Sea. The situation in the
South China Sea has become more complicated since 1988 when China made its steps
toward the Spratlys. After analyzing the situation in the South China Sea, the
author emphasizes the need to have a code of conduct for this disputed area.
Books
Catley, Robert and Keliat, Makmur. Spratlys: the Dispute in the South
China Sea. Brookfield, VT, Ashgate, 1997. 221 p.
Book call no.: 341.44 C365s
Lu, Tzu-chien. China's Policy towards Territorial Disputes: The Case
of the South China Sea Islands. New York, Routledge, 1989. 212 p.
Book call no.: 341.290951 L926c
Roberts, Chris. Chinese Strategy and the Spratly Islands Dispute.
Canberra, Australia, Australian National University. Strategic and Defence
Studies Centre. 1996. 38 p. (Working paper; no. 293. )
Doc. call no.: 341.42 R643c
Samuels, Marwyn S. Contest for the South China Sea . New
York , Methuen, 1982. 203 p.
Book call no.: 341.290916472 S193c
Sheng, Lijun. China's Policy towards the Spratly Islands in the 1990s.
Australian National University. Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Canberra,
Australia.1995. 36 p. (Working paper; no. 287)
Book call no.: 341.42 S546
Timperlake, Edward and Triplett, William C., II. Red Dragon Rising:
Communist China's Military Threat to America. Lanham, MD, Regnery
Pub.1999. 271 p.
Chapter 9: The Spratlys: Securing Strategic Ground, pp 139-150.
Book call no.: 355.0310951 T586r
Valencia, Mark J. China and the South China Sea Disputes: Conflicting
Claims and Potential Solutions in the South China Sea. New York, Oxford
University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1995. 84
p. (Adelphi papers; no. 298 )
Book call no.: 909.82 I61a no. 298
Documents
Ahmad, Saidey B. Security in East Malaysia and Its Region.
Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, 2001. 23 p.
Research paper focuses on the potential threat to the region, including the
overlapping claims on the Spratly Islands by Malaysia, China, Brunei,
Philippines and Vietnam. Author identifies China's claim on
the sovereignty of the Spratlys and her concern for the US military presence in
the region as the most particular threats to security.
Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 A286s
Borje, Adolf. The Spratly Islands: A Brewing Flashpoint in Asia.
Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. 79 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525 B734s
Burkhardt, Robert W. The Spratly Island Conflict. Carlisle
Barracks, PA, Army War College, 1996. 30 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA309026
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 B9591s
Coker, Larry W. The Spratly Islands Dispute: Can ASEAN Provide the
Framework for a Solution? Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War
College, 1996. 36 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA308657
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 C682s
Collins, J. T. Slow Siege of the Spratly Islands: China's South China
Sea Strategy. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2001. 32 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA389080
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 C7124s
Cooney, James J. The Spratly Islands Dispute and U.S. Security
Interests. Newport, RI, Naval War College. 28 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 C775s
Eikmeier, Dale C. A Leadership Vacuum: U.S. Actions in the South
China Sea. Fort Leavenworth, KS, Army Command and General Staff
College, 1998.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA357191
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 E341L
Ham, Stephen P. The Spratly Island Dispute: A Case for a New U.S.
Southeast Asia Security Strategy. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War
College, 1996. 36 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA308522
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 H198s
Hurwitt, Mara C. U.S. Strategy in Southeast Asia: The Spratly Islands
Dispute. Fort Leavenworth, KS, Army Command and General Staff College,
1993. 119 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022 H967u
King, Michael W. United States and the Spratly Islands: Six Actors,
Which Stage? Carlisle Barracks, PA , Army War College, 2001. 34 p.
This paper includes a brief background on the Spratly Islands (location, natural
resources, and historical claims of ownership.) Following this is an analysis of
why each of the six nations claiming ownership feels these uninhabited islands
are important to their national interest. The analysis also looks at why and/or
how these Asia-Pacific relationships, between each other and with nations
outside of the region, affect the national interest of the United States. The
conclusion recommends a United States strategy including ends, ways, and means
to support its national interest in these islands and one or more of the nations
claiming ownership.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401876
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 K531u
Miller, Mark S. Maintaining Peace in the South China Sea and the
Spratly Islands: Are There Acceptable Alternatives to the U.S. Naval Forces
Forward Deployed in the Asia Pacific Region? Carlisle Barracks,
PA, Army War College, 2002. 25 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401689
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 M6492m
Pobre, Romulo. A Solution to the Spratly Islands Dispute.
Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, 2001. 22 p.
Recommends that the best possible solution is the continuous diplomatic efforts
of ASEAN to prove to China that multilateral agreement is the best possible
solution.
Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 P7391s
Schuetz, Robert E. The Spratly Islands Dispute and Implications for
U.S. National Security. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 1996.
28 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA308510
Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 S837s
Smith, Esmond D. Jr. China, Technology and the Spratly Islands: The
Geopolitical Impact of New Technology. Newport, RI, Naval War College,
1994. 270 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 41662-6 S646c
Tien, Tsai-Mai. Republic of China and the Spratly Islands.
Maxwell AFB, AL, Air War College, 1986. 29 leaves.
Doc. call no.: M-U 43117 T5621r
United States. Defense Mapping Agency. and United States Board on Geographic
Names. Gazetteer of the Paracel Islands and Spratly Islands: Names
Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names. Washington,
DC, Defense Mapping Agency, 1987. 53 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 35416-11
Periodicals
Austin, Greg. Unwanted Entanglement: The Philippines' Spratly Policy as a
Case Study in Conflict Enhancement? Security Dialogue
34:41-54 March 2003.
Explores the Phillippines' use of the ownership dispute over the Spratly
Islands to stimulate the political and military relationship with the United
States.
Baker, John C. and Wiencek David G. Sat-Images Could Be Spratlys'
Salvation. Jane's Intelligence Review 11:50-54 February
1999.
Taking the territorial disputes over the Spratly Islands as an example, the
authors examine how a new generation of commercial satellites could support
diplomatic efforts to resolve conflicts and look at some potential pitfalls.
Chang, Felix K. Beijing's Reach in the South China Sea. Orbis
40:353-374 Summer 1996.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9607115436&db=aph
Chien-peng Chung. The Spratlys and Other South China Sea Islands Disputes. Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies 24:17-36 Spring 1999.
De Castro, Renato Cruz. The Controversy in the Spratlys: Exploring the
Limits to ASEAN's Engagement Policy. Issues & Studies
34:95-123 September 1998.
Analyzes ASEAN's policy of engagement with China over the Spratly Islands, and
argues that attempts to link the PRC to ASEAN's consultative process are
unlikely to succeed due to China's aversion to becoming deeply engaged in the
process.
Er, Lam Peng. Japan and the Spratlys Dispute. Asian Survey
36:995--1010 October 1996.
Examines Japan's role in the resolution of the dispute over jurisdiction of the
Spratly Islands. Discusses the interest of non-claimant states in the dispute,
as well as Japan's historical, strategic, political and economic interests in
the Spratlys.
Franko, Patrice. Defense Decisionmaking and Accountability Structures in
the Philippines. Low Intensity Conflict & Law Enforcement
8:57-86 Spring 1999.
Focuses on three concerns: the process of force modernization, the guerrilla
insurgency in the south and the flare-up of regional tensions in the Spratly
Islands.
Furtado, Xavier. International Law and the Dispute over the Spratly
Islands: Whither UNCLOS? Contemporary Southeast Asia
21:386-404 December 1999.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=2653642&db=aph
Hollingsbee, Trevor. Spratlys Rivalry as Philippines Faces Malaysia. Jane's
Intelligence Review 11:3 December 1999.
Having taken issue with Chinese construction in the Spratly Islands recently,
the Philippines is now protesting the activities of Vietnam and Malaysia in the
South China Sea.
Hurng-Yu, Chen. The PRC's South China Sea Policy and Strategies of Occupation in the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Issues and Studies 36:95-131 July-August 2000.
Lee Jae-Hyung. China's Expanding Maritime Ambitions in the Western Pacific
and the Indian Ocean. Contemporary Southeast Asia
24:549-568 December 2002.
Includes discussion of China's overlapping claims in the Spratly and Senkaku
Islands with neighboring countries.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9160527&db=aph
Marlay, Ross. China, the Philippines, and the Spratly Islands. Asian Affairs: An American Review 23:195-210 Winter 1997.
Odgaard, Liselotte. Deterrence and Co-operation in the South China Sea.
Contemporary Southeast Asia 24:292-306 August 2001.
Explores the impact of the Spratly Islands dispute on security relations between
China and Southeast Asia.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=5203728&db=aph
Schofield, Clive. A Code of Conduct for the South China Sea? Jane's
Intelligence Review 12:36-40 November 2000.
The South China Sea is still a highly disputed area, with rival claims to the
Spratly Islands and potential hydrocarbon resources in the region. Article
examines the claims of the surrounding countries and the potential for a Code of
Conduct for the South China Sea.
Studeman, Michael. Calculating China's Advances in the South China Sea:
Identifying the Triggers of "Expansionism". Naval War
College Review 51:68-90 Spring 1998.
Also available online at: http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/1998/spring/art5-sp8.htm
Tonnesson, Stein. Sino-Vietnamese Rapprochement and the South China Sea
Irritant. Security Dialogue 34:55-70 March 2003.
Includes discussion of prospects for a Sino-Vietnamese initiative to resolve the
South China Sea dispute.
Townsend-Gault, Ian. Preventive Diplomacy and Pro-Activity in the South
China Sea. Contemporary Southeast Asia 20:171-190 August
1998.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=1172544&db=aph
Valencia, Mark J. The Spratly Islands Dispute. Far Eastern
Economic Review 166:21 January 9, 2003.
Comments on the implications of the International Court of Justice decision in
the sovereignty dispute between Malaysia and Indonesia over the Spratly Islands.
Valencia, Mark J. Troubled Waters. Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists 53:49-54 January-February 1997.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9703310044&db=aph
