Available online at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=12721281&db=aph
Reports on the activities of the Al Qaeda and the allies of the terrorist network in Southeast Asia. Suicide bombings by Jemaah Islamiah; Security concerns in Indonesia and the Philippines.
Assaf, Moghadam. Palestinian Suicide Terrorism in the Second Intifada:
Motivations and Organizational Aspects. Studies in Conflict &
Terrorism March 2003.
Available online at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=9331054&db=aph
This article explores various issues related to Palestinian suicide terrorism by
presenting a two-phase model to explain the processes and factors underlying the
development of Palestinian suicide bombers, and the execution of suicide bombing
attacks. The model is applied to the case of suicide attacks that have occurred
in the course of the first 21 months of the Second Intifada, from September 2000
to June 2002. The assumptions of the model are tested by taking an in-depth look
into the various motives leading individual Palestinians to volunteer for
suicide missions, and by discussing the activities and major functions of the
organizations that have employed this modus operandi in the specified time
frame. It will be concluded that while a counter-terrorism strategy aimed at
targeting terrorist organizations may offer short-term gains, in the long run
Israel will need to identify ways of removing or reducing the incentives that
lead some Palestinians to volunteer for suicide missions. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR].
Atran, Scott. Genesis of Suicide Terrorism. Science
March 7, 2003.
Available online at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=9355002&db=aph
Contemporary suicide terrorists from the Middle East are publicly deemed crazed
cowards bent on senseless destruction who thrive in poverty and ignorance.
Recent research indicates they have no appreciable psychopathology and are as
educated and economically well-off as surrounding populations. A first line of
defense is to get the communities from which suicide attackers stem to stop the
attacks by learning how to minimize the receptivity of mostly ordinary people to
recruiting organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR].
Atran, Scott. Mishandling Suicide Terrorism. Washington
Quarterly
Available online at: http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?sid=D86BC040-81BA-45DD-BD1D-9394CAF63E16&ttype=6&tid=13782&mlid=301
Last accessed: Summer 2004.
Berko, Anat. The Moral Infrastructure of Chief Perpetrators of Suicide
Terrorism: An Analysis in Terms of Moral Judgment International
Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism - ICT May 15, 2004.
Available online at: http://www.ict.org.il
Search for article title after clicking on "search."
Beyler, Clara. Chronology of Suicide Bombings Carried out by Women
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism - ICT February 12,
2003.
Available online at: http://www.ict.org.il
Search for article title after clicking "search."
Beyler, Clara. Messengers of Death: Female Suicide Bombers
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism - ICT February 12,
2003.
Available online at: http://www.ict.org.il
Search for article title after clicking "search."
Dolnik, Adam. Die and Let Die: Exploring Links between Suicide Terrorism
and Terrorist Use of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Weapons.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism January 2003.
Available online at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=9258994&db=aph
Reveals why suicide terrorism does not necessarily make a mass-casualty
chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear attack by a terrorist group more
likely. Suicide bombers' lack of constraints; Weakening of the instinct for
self-preservation; Advantages of suicide bombings over other forms of delivery.
Fighel, Jonathan. Top Muslim Clerics Endorse Suicide Attacks - A Challenge
to the United States? International Policy Institute for
Counter-Terrorism - ICT January 12, 2002.
Available online at: http://www.ict.org.il
Search for article title after clicking "search."
Glausiusz, Josie. The Surprises of Suicide Terrorism. Discover
October 2003.
Available online at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=10841171&db=aph
Interviews anthropologist Scott Atran on suicide terrorism. Reason behind the
need to address the problem as a scientific investigation; Remarks on the
psychological pathology of suicide bombers; Suggestion of Atran regarding the
role of natural selection in the tendency of people to become suicide
terrorists.
Hoffman, Bruce. The Logic of Suicide Terrorism. Atlantic
Monthly June 2003.
Available online at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=9730945&db=aph
Focuses on suicide terrorism in various countries of the world. Spread of
suicide terrorism from the Middle East to the U.S.; Characteristics of suicide
terrorism; Strategies of terrorism adopted by various countries.
Kimhi, Shaul and Even, Shmuel. Who are the
Palestinian Suicide Terrorists? Jaffe Center for Strategic Studies September
2003.
Available online at: http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/sa/v6n2p5Kim.html
Mansdorf, Irwin J. The Psychological Framework of Suicide Terrorism Jerusalem
Center for Public Affairs. April 15, 2003. Martyrdom and Murder.
Available online at: http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp496.htm
Available online at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=11908940&db=aph
The article discusses why terrorists are willing to use suicide attacks. The
fact that Hizbullah started the trend of suicide terrorism, and that its spread
has coincided with the rise of other Islamic groups--Hamas, Palestinian Islamic
Jihad (PIJ), al-Qaeda and others--has led some to surmise that Islamic
fundamentalism somehow explains it. For many Muslims, jihad is principally an
internal struggle. But, the advent of Wahhabism, a branch of Sunni Islam that
evolved in the 18th century, the notion of jihad as external warfare has been
revived. Despite Koranic injunctions to the contrary, some radical Islamic
thinkers have justified the killing of civilians, and of other Muslims, in the
name of jihad.
National Center for Policy Analysis - Daily Policy Digest . Suicide
Terrorists
Available online at: http://www.ncpa.org/pi/congress/pd091201e.html
Outlines the motivations and reasons behind suicide attacks.
Paz, Reuven. The Saudi Fatwah Against Suicide Terrorism. International
Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism ICT May 16, 2001.
Available online at: http://www.ict.org.il
Search for article title after clicking "search."
Perina, Kaja. Suicide Terrorism. Psychology
Today September-October 2002.
Available online at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=7146151&db=aph
Investigates the psychological aspects of suicide bombing. Psychological effect
of religion and social reinforcement; Relevance of post traumatic stress
disorder among potential suicide bombers; Results of a study on adolescent
Muslims in Gaza Strip during the Palestinian intifada from 1987 to 1993.
Pipes, Daniel. The Scourge of Suicide Terrorism. National
Interest Summer 1986.
Available online at: http://www.danielpipes.org/article/175
Sarraj, Eyad. Why We Have Become Suicide Bombers: Understanding
Palestinian Terror. Mission Islam
Available online at: http://www.missionislam.com/conissues/palestine.htm
Schweitzer, Yoram. Suicide Bombings -The Ultimate Weapon? International
Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism - ICT. August 7, 2001.
Available online at: http://www.ict.org.il
Search for article title after clicking on "search."
Shuman, Ellis. What Makes Suicide Bombers Tick? Israelinsider.com
Available online at: http://www.israelinsider.com/channels/security/articles/sec_0049.htm
Simon, Steven and Stevenson, Jonathan. Confronting Hamas. National
Interest 74:59-69 Winter 2003-04.
Focuses on how should Israel deal with Hamas, a Palestinian terrorist group
which conducts suicide bombing directed against Israelis. Capability of Hamas to
block the peace process between the Palestinian Authority and Israel; Reaction
of Israel to suicide attacks by Hamas; Description of the organization and
ideology of Hamas; Power struggle between Hamas and Fatah in the Palestinian
Authority; Discussion on how should the United States handle the problem between
Israel and Palestinian Authority.
Also available online at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=11960983&db=aph
Sprinzak, Enud. Outsmarting Suicide Terrorists. Christian
Science Monitor October 24, 2000. Suicide Terror: Was 9/11 Something New? Suicide Terrorism: A Global Threat Suicide Terrorism: an Overview I
Available online at: http://csmonitor.com/cgi-bin/durableRedirect.pl?/durable/2000/10/24/fp9s1-csm.shtml
Available online at: http://cfrterrorism.org/terrorism/suicide.html
Available online at: http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/usscole/jir001020_1_n.shtml
Available online at: http://www.ict.org.il/articles/articledet.cfm?articleid=128
Describes what constitutes a suicide attack, the benefits for the terrorist
organization, and the benefits for the perpetrator.
Van Biema, David. Why the Bombers Keep Coming. Time
Atlantic December 17, 2001.
Available online at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=5717911&db=aph
Focuses on the increasing numbers of Islamic suicide bombers. Details
surrounding the suicide bombing of Osama Bahar of Palestine in Jerusalem,
Israel; Use of suicide bombings by the Shi'ite Muslim extremist group Hizballah
of Lebanon and during the Iran-Iraq war; Concept of martyrdom behind suicide
bombing; Popularity among members of Hamas and Islamic Jihad; Suicide bombing
used as an attempt to drive out the Israelis.
Wolfson, Adam. Demystify It: How to Defeat Suicide Terrorism National
Review Online September 16, 2003.
Available online at: http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-wolfson091603.asp
Terrorism Today. (Special Bibliography No. 322) July 2003. 116 p (Armstrong)
Terrorism: The Threat and Post 9/11 Trends. September 2002. 156 p (AUL Staff)
Ali, Tariq. The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and
Modernity. New York, Verso, 2002. 342 p.
See chapter 20 "September Surprise." Attempts to answer the question
"Why does an educated layer of Saudis, Egyptians and Algerians gravitate
towards individual terrorism and why are they, as individuals, prepared to
sacrifice their lives in the process?"
Book call no.: 320.550917671 A398c
Countering Suicide Terrorism: An International Conference.
Herzliya, Israel, International Policy Institute for Counter Terrorism, 2001.
160 p.
Held February 20-23, 2000, Herzliya, Israel.
Book call no.: 363.32 C855
Essential Readings on Political Terrorism: Analyses of Problems and
Prospects for the 21st Century, edited with a foreword by Harvey W.
Kushner. Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press, 2002. 399 p.
Explains the nature of terrorism as a socio-political phenomenon and examines
the psychology of suicide bombers.
Book call no.: 303.625 K97e
Griset, Pamala L. and Mahan, Sue. Terrorism in Perspective.
Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications, 2003. 391 p.
See "Suicide Terrorism: A Global Threat" by Rohan Gunaratna.
Book call no.: 303.625 G869t
Horovitz, David. Still Life with Bombers: Israel in the Age of
Terrorism. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2004. 266 p.
Book call no.: 956.94054 H816s
Israeli, Raphael. Islamikaze: Manifestations of Islamic Martyrology.
Portland, OR, Frank Cass, 2003. 494 p.
Book call no.: 297.72 I85i
Laqueur, Walter. No End to War: Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century.
New York, Continuum, 2003. 288 p.
See chapter "Suicide."
Book call no.: 303.625 L317n
Selegut, Charles. Sacred Fury: Understanding Religious Violence.
Walnut Creek, CA, AltaMira Press, 2003. 269 p.
Book call no.: 201.76 S464s
Stork, Joe. Erased in a Moment: Suicide Bombing Attacks Against
Israeli Civilians. New York, Human Rights Watch, 2002. 160 p.
Book call no.: 956.94054 S885e
Victor, Barbara. Army of Roses: Inside the World of Palestinian Women
Suicide Bombers, foreword by Christopher Dickey. Emmaus, PA, Rodale,
2003. 300 p.
Book call no.: 956.9405 V642a
All it Takes to Make a Suicide Attacker. New Scientist 1
82:3 May 15, 2004.Numerous studies have confirmed, a major reason why organizations turn to terrorism is the perception that their homeland is being occupied by a foreign power. This is especially true for suicide terrorism, which almost without exception has only been used as part of a systematic campaign to persuade a government to withdraw from territory the group considers its own. In Iraq, extremists have been targeting anyone associated with the coalition, even Iraqi Kurds and the newly re-formed Iraqi police force.
Bennett, James. Gingerly, Arabs Question Suicide Bombings. New
York Times, p.A1, Op, July 3, 2002.
Focuses on the debate among Palestinians over suicide bombing.
Bennett, James. HAMAS Urges Iraqis to Make Suicide Attacks on the
Invaders. New York Times, p.B13, Op, March 22, 2003.
Reports that the Palestinian armed HAMAS is urging Iraqis to use suicide as a
weapon against invading troops, as Muslim preachers in the Gaza Strip inveighed
against war in Iraq.
Bennett, James. Rash of New Suicide Bombers Exhibit No Patterns or Ties. New
York Times, p.A1, Op, June 21, 2002.
Examines the increase in Palestinian suicide bombers who are not connected to
the militantly Islamic groups. Gives views of psychiatrists.
Bond, Michael. The Making of a Suicide Bomber. New Scientist
182:34-37 May 15, 2004. Dying to Kill Us.
The article considers factors that make a suicide bomber. While suicide
terrorists invariably come from oppressed communities, recent research by
psychologists, anthropologists and others suggests that they fit none of the
other common profiles. They are no less rational or sane, no worse educated, no
poorer and no more religious than anyone else. Killing yourself while killing
your enemy is not a modern idea. The link with religion is more complicated
since most Islamic terrorist groups use religious propaganda, largely the
promise of paradise, to prepare recruits for suicide missions. Yet suicide
terrorism is in no way exclusive either to religious groups or to Islamic
culture.
Presents an article on the link between liberal democracy and military
occupation and suicide terrorism, rather than religious fundamentalism.
Eshel, David. Israel Reviews Profile of Suicide Bombers. Jane's Intelligence Review 13:20-21 November 2001.
Gunaratna, Rohan. Suicide Terrorism: A Global Threat. Jane's Intelligence Review 12:52-55 April 2000.
Gunaratna, Rohan. Terror From the Sky. Jane's Intelligence
Review 13:6-9 October 2001.
Describes the evolution of suicide terrorism and the use of airborne attacks.
Hecht, Richard D. Deadly History, Deadly Actions, and Deadly Bodies: A Response to Ivan Strenski's 'Sacrifice, Gift and the Social Logic of Muslim "Human Bombers."' Terrorism and Political Violence 15:35-47 Autumn 2003.
Hoffman, Bruce and McCormick, Gordon H. Terrorism, Signaling, and Suicide Attack. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 27:243-281 July-August 2004.
Israeli, Raphael. A Manual of Islamic Fundamentalist Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence 14:23-40 Winter 2002.
Kondaki, Christopher. Suicide Terrorism, an Age-Old Weapon, Adds Technology. Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy 29:8-9 2001.
Kushner, Harvey W. Suicide Bombers: Business as Usual. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 19:329-337 October-December 1996.
Luft, Gal. The Palestinian H-Bomb. Foreign Affairs
81:2-8 July-August 2002.
Article discusses the Palestinian's growing acceptance of suicide bombings as a
legitimate tool of war.
Moghadam, Assaf. Palestinian Suicide Terrorism in the Second Intifada: Motivations and Organizational Aspects. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 26:65-92 March-April 2003.
Pape, Robert A. The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. American
Political Science Review 97:343-362 August 2003.
To advance our understanding of this growing phenomenon, this study collects the
universe of suicide terrorist attacks worldwide from 1980 to 2001, 188 in all.
In contrast to the existing explanations, this study shows that suicide
terrorism follows a strategic logic, one specifically designed to coerce modern
liberal democracies to make significant territorial concessions. Moreover, over
the past two decades, suicide terrorism has been rising largely because
terrorists have learned that it pays.
Perina, Kaja. Suicide Terrorism: Seeking Motives Beyond Mental Illness. Psychology Today 35:15 September-October 2002.
Pope, Hugh. HAMAS Official Won't Rule out Suicide Bombings. Wall
Street Journal, p.A10, Op, April 21, 2003.
Reports on the refusal of Mousa Abu Marzouq, a member of the political bureau
that runs HAMAS in Syria, to rule out suicide bombings in an effort to achieve
peace in the Middle East.
Sprinzak, Ehud. Rational Fanatics Foreign Policy
120:66-73 September-October 2000.
Discusses the prevalence, history and religious aspects of suicide terrorism.
Also gives the organizational link of a suicide terrorist and the views by
terrorist groups on using suicide bombers.
Strenski, Ivan. Sacrifice, Gift and the Social Logic of Muslim "Human Bombers." Terrorism and Political Violence 15:1-34 Autumn 2003.
Telhami, Shibley. Why Suicide Terrorism Takes Root. New York
Times, pA23, Op, April 4, 2002.
Discusses the possible reasons for the suicide bombings being committed by
Palestinians in line with the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
Waldman, Amy. Masters of Suicide Bombing: Tamil Guerrillas of Sri
Lanka. New York Times, p.A1, Op, January 14, 2003.
Focuses on the Black Tigers, a special suicide unit of the Liberation Tigers of
Tamil Eelam in Sri Lanka. Perception of suicide attacks as the ultimate
commitment to the movement; effectiveness of the attacks; examples of their
suicide bombings, which were later imitated in the Middle East; percentage of
Tigers' suicide bombers who were women.
