General Information

Internet Resources 

CIA - The World Factbook 2002 -- Syria.
Available online at: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/sy.html

Library of Congress Federal Research Division Country Studies Area Handbook Series - Syria.
Available online at: http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/sytoc.html

Cafe-Syria.
Available online at: http://www.cafe-syria.com/
Country information, government and political links, history, economy, agriculture and travel and tourism.

Books

Collelo, Thomas. Syria, A Country Study. Washington, Library of Congress, 1988. 334 p.
Book call no.: 910 A678 Syr

Ziser, Eyal. Asad's Legacy: Syria in Transition. New York, New York University Press, 2001. 218 p.
Book call no.: 956.91042 Z81a

Tauber, Eliezer. The Formation of Modern Syria and Iraq. Portland, OR, Frank Cass, 1995. 417 p.
Book call no.: 956.03 T222f

Documents 

United States. Department of Defense. Syria Country Handbook. Washington, DOD, 2000. 1 vol.
Doc. call no.: M-U 44153-92

Boyne, Sean. Country Briefing: Syria. Jane's Defence Weekly 36:22-24 November 21, 2001.

Foreign Relations

Internet Resources 

Gilman, Benjamin A. U.S. Policy Towards Syria. FDCH Congressional Testimony September 18, 2002.
U.S. Policy Toward Syria and H.R. 4483, the Syria Accountability Act.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=32Y2072392131&db=f5h

Syria, Iran React to Developments in Iraq. Congress Daily, p 12, April 14, 2003.
Syria denied U.S. charges that they have weapons of mass destructions and are sheltering Iraqi leaders. Fleeing Iraqi leaders were told they were not welcome in Iran.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9535542&db=aph

Books

Rabil, Robert G. Embattled Neighbors: Syria, Israel, and Lebanon. Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003. 306 p.
"Israel's ongoing dispute with Syria and Lebanon undermines the potential for peace in the Middle East. Charting the course of this relationship since 1948 Rabil integrates the domestic and international dynamics of the key players to reveal the complexities of this seemingly intractable conflict."
Book call no.: 327.09569 R116e

Lawson, Fred Haley. Why Syria Goes to War: Thirty Years of Confrontation. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1996. 222 p.
Book call no.: 330.95691 L425w

Lavy, Victor. Foreign Aid and Economic Development in the Middle East. New York, Praeger, 1991. 163 p.
Book call no.: 338.9110956 L414f

Drysdale, Alasdair. Syria and the Middle East Peace Process. New York, Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1991. 244 p.
Book call no.: 327.5691056 D799s

United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Syria, Peace Partner or Rogue Regime?, Hearing. 104th Congress, 2nd session July 25 1996. Washington, GPO, 1996. 61 p.
Book call no.: 327.7305691 U58s

Bergen, Christopher. Omnibalancing in Syria: Prospects for Foreign Policy. Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, 2000. 86 p.
Argues that Syrian foreign policy is formulated based on domestic concerns.
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525 B495o

Lackey, Sue. Syria Plays the 'Long Game'. Jane's Defence Weekly 37:18 June 5, 2002.

Syria Develops a New Asymmetric Warfare Doctrine Toward Israel. Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy 30,no.4-5:12-14 2002.

Strindberg, Anders. USA Hardens Stance Against Syria. Jane's Intelligence Review 14:40-43 July 2002.

Thompson, Eric V. Will Syria Have to Withdraw from Lebanon? Middle East Journal 56:72-93 Winter 2002.
Syria may be able to parlay a foundation of international legitimacy to extend the occupation of Lebanon for some time to come.

Slater, Jerome. Lost Opportunities for Peace in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Israel and Syria, 1948-2001. International Security 27:79-106 Summer 2002.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=7105535&db=aph

Sezgin, Yuksel. The October 1998 Crisis in Turkish-Syrian Relations: A Prospect Theory Approach. Turkish Studies 3:44-68 Autumn 2002.

New Realities. Middle East International 699:13-14 May 2, 2003.

Robbins, Carla Anne. U.S. Threatens Syria with New Economic Sanctions. Wall Street Journal, p A6, Op, April 15, 2002.
Reports on the threat of the administration of President Bush to enact economic sanctions against Syria to punish it for alleged illicit trade with Iraq.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9565396&db=aph

Schmitt, Eric and Sanger, David E. Bush Demands "Cooperation" from Syrians. New York Times, 52453, p. B1, Op, April 14, 2003.
Reports that the U.S. has accused Syria of harboring senior Iraqi officials and of having weapons of mass destruction.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9500394&db=aph

Jaffe, Greg and Pope, Hugh. U.S. Intensifies Attention on Syria. Wall Street Journal, 72, p. A4, Op, April 14, 2003.
Reports on the public attention of the U.S. on Syria as the U.S. warned the Syrians not to provide refuge to former Iraqi leaders.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9559429&db=aph

Omestad, Thomas and Potter, Beth. The Syrian Factor. U.S. News & World Report 134:31 April 21, 2003.
Discusses the possibility that Syria, may be targeted by the U.S. for a regime change.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9515916&db=aph

Weinraub, Bernard. Fighters from Syria Among Iraqi Prisoners in an American Camp. New York Times, 52459, p. B4, Op, April 20, 2003.
Reports on the hostile attitude of fighters from Syria who are among Iraqi prisoners in a U.S. camp.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9653663&db=aph

From Baghdad to Damascus. Economist 367:10 April 19, 2003.
Offers observations on U.S.-Syrian relations following the fall of the Iraqi government.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9561879&db=aph

Kershaw, Sarah. Iraq's Neighbors Issue Declaration Criticizing U.S. Over Syria. New York Times, 52458, p. B6,. Op, April 19, 2003.
Highlights a meeting between countries sharing borders with Iraq regarding the pressure mounted by the U.S. against Syria.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9653576&db=aph

Blanford, Nicholas. Syria Yields - A Bit - to Pressure. Christian Science Monitor, 100 p.6, Op, April 18, 2003.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9537770&db=aph

Hulse, Carl. Lawmakers Take Aim at Syrians. New York Times, 52457, p. B1, Op, April 18, 2003.
Reports U.S. legislators say they will renew a push for economic sanctions against Syria when Congress returns to session in April 2003.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9538464&db=aph

Banerjee, Neela and Barringer, Felicity. Iraq Pipeline to Syria No Big Secret, Experts Say. New York Times, 52456, p B6, Op, April 17, 2003.
Reports on the announcement made by petroleum industry experts and U.N. diplomats that a pipeline, which provided oil to Syria illegally, was an open secret in the industry and the U.N. Security Council.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9538464&db=aph

Kaplan, Lawrence F. White Lie. New Republic 228:22-23 April 21, 2003.
"As far as U.S. policy goes, there are two Syrias: a good one and a bad one."
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9535834&db=aph

Omestad, Thomas and Walsh, Kenneth T. Power and Peril. U.S. News & World Report 134:14-19 May 5, 2003.
Discusses post-war relations with Syria.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9606047&db=aph

Ratnesar, Romesh. Next Stop: Syria? Time 161:50-52 April 28, 2003.
Focuses on the attention given to Syria by the U.S.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9551865&db=aph

Wakin, Daniel J. Powell Says Syria is Taking Action on Terror Groups. New York Times, 52473, p. A1, Op, May 4, 2003.
Reports how Syria has begun closing offices of some militant anti-Israel groups in Damascus as demanded by the U.S.and how, with the fall of Hussein's government in Iraq, the U.S. is turning its attention to Syria and Iran.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9659231&db=aph

Kampfer, John. The road to Damascus. New Statesman 132:14-15 April 21, 2003.
Offers the view that the United States is redirecting its war on terror, after military action in Afghanistan and Iraq, to a third front, Syria.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9538846&db=aph

Politics and Government

Books

Chousifi, Youssef M. State and Society in Syria and Lebanon. New York, St. Martins Press, 1994. 158 p.
Book call no.: 956.91042 S797

Waldner, David. State Building and Late Development. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1999. 246 p.
Book call no.: 321 W164s

Dam, Nikolaos van. The Struggle for Power in Syria: Politics and Society Under Asad and the Bath Party. New York, I. B. Tauris, 1996. 228 p.
Book call no.: 956.91042 D154s

Nelson, Dana Andrew. Economic Liberalization in Syria: Prospects for Regime Stability and Democratization. Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. 69 p.
This thesis reevaluates the political importance of the reforms from a political economy perspective. Two conclusions are reached: (1) the political legacy of the economic reforms has so weakened the Asad regime that prospects for political stability within Syria are poor; and (2) transition to democracy, or political liberalization, is the probable outcome of the coming instability.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA348416
Doc. call no.: M-U 42525 N425e

Elliott, Michael. So, Who's Next? Time 161:58-59 April 21, 2003.
Focuses on the outlook for regime changes in Syria and Iran, in light of the U.S. military victory in Iraq.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9505478&db=aph

Reed, Stanley. Up Against a Wall in Damascus. Business Week 3830:36-37 April 28, 2003.
Saddam's demise leaves the leader of Syria exposed as one of the last hard-line, postcolonial regimes in the Arab world.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9586179&db=aph

Wurmser, Meyrav. The Road to Damascus. National Review 55:18-19 May 5, 2003.
Argues that Syria is a microcosm of what ails the entire Middle East region.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9552978&db=aph

Strindberg, Anders. Iraq Crisis Threatens Syrian Reforms. Jane's Intelligence Review 15:38-40 January 2003.

Perthes, Volker. The Political Economy of the Syrian Succession. Survival 43:143-154 Spring 2001.

Strindberg, Anders. Growth with Strength: Syria's Hardline Reformer. Jane's Intelligence Review 13:30-33 February 2001.

Terrorism

Internet Resources

Gilman, Benjamin A. U.S. Policy Towards Syria. FDCH Congressional Testimony September 18, 2002.
U.S. Policy Toward Syria and H.R. 4483, the Syria Accountability Act.
Available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=32Y2072392131&db=f5h

In US 'War on Terror,' Syria is Foe – and Friend.
Available online at: http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0514/p01s04-wome.html
From csmonitor.com.

Syria Terror 1970-1986.
Available online at: http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/sierra/syria1970b.htm
From onwar.com.

Patterns of Global Terrorism 2002 - Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism.
Available online at: http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2002/html/19988.htm

Syria: Does Syria Sponsor Terrorism?.
Available online at: http://www.terrorismanswers.com/sponsors/syria.html
From Terrorism: Questions and Answers.com.

Terrorism, Inc.: Who's Who In the State Department List.
Available online at: http://www.defendamerica.mil/articles/feb2002/a021402a.html
From DefendAmerica.mil.

State-Sponsored Terrorism: Syria.
Available online at: http://www.terrorismfiles.org/countries/syria.html
From TerrorismFiles.org.

The Evolution of Islamic Terrorism: An Overview.
Available online at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/modern.html
PBS Frontline: Target America.

Books 

Hashim, Ahmed S. Chemical and Biological Weapons and Deterrence. Case Study 1: Syria. Alexandria, VA, Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute, 1998. 33 p.
Book call no.: 358.3 C517 v.1

Periodicals

Blanford, Nicholas. Syria Waffles on Militant Groups Despite US Pressure. Christian Science Monitor, 112, p.7, Op, May 6, 2003.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9670530&db=aph

Wakin, Daniel J. Powell Says Syria is Taking Action on Terror Groups. New York Times, 52473, p. A1, Op, May 4, 2003.
Reports how Syria has begun closing offices of some militant anti-Israel groups in Damascus as demanded by the U.S.and how, with the fall of Hussein's government in Iraq, the U.S. is turning its attention to Syria and Iran.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9659231&db=aph

Kampfer, John. The road to Damascus. New Statesman 132:14-15 April 21, 2003.
Offers the view that the United States is redirecting its war on terror, after military action in Afghanistan and Iraq, to a third front, Syria.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9538846&db=aph

Burger, Tomothy J. and Waller, Douglas. After Troops, Terror. Time 161:21 April 14, 2003.
Reports that U.S. intelligence has been picking up indications that Muslim extremists from Islamic Jihad, Hizballah and other terrorist organizations are entering Iran from Iraq, Syria and Jordan.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?an=9468538&db=aph  

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