LIBERATION TIGERS OF TAMIL EELAM (LTTE) -- Sri Lanka

• Internet Resources
• Books
• Document
• Periodicals

The appearance of hyperlinks does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Air Force of this Web site or the information, products, or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities such as military exchanges and morale, welfare and recreation sites, the U.S. Air Force does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. Such links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this DoD Web site.  

All sites last viewed July 11, 2000.

• Return to Main Table of Contents

Commentary No. 77: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam's Internal Organization and Operations: A Preliminary Analysis.
Available at: http://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/eng/comment/com77_e.html
Full-text article by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service.

Eelam Web.
Available at: http://www.eelamweb.com/
Provides history of the struggle, news, analysis, interviews, information on LTTE operations and leadership, etc.

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam .
Available at: http://www.ict.org.il/
Site maintained by the International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism. Under the 'International Terrorism' section choose 'Terrorist Organization Profiles' then 'Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam'. Offers sections titled: History, Structure, Terrorist Activity, Articles, Links, Updates, and Attacks.

Sri Lanka Page.
Available at: http://www.lankapage.com/
Site offers online news articles and provides links to related sites through the 'Sri Lanka WWW Virtual Library'.

Tamil Eelam Homepage.
Available at: http://www.eelam.com/

Tamil Net.
Available at: http://www.tamilnet.com/
Provides online news reports. Many are about the LTTE.

** For additional internet sites, refer to the General Internet Resources section at the beginning of this bibliography.

Books

Anderson, Sean and Sloan, Stephen. Historical Dictionary of Terrorism. Metuchen, NJ, Scarecrow Press, 1995. 452 p.
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, pp 196-198.
Book call no.: R 303.62503 A594h

The Asian Defence Yearbook 1999-2000. Kuala Lumpur, Syed Hassain Publications, 1999. 1 vol.
The Sri Lankan Civil War, pp 33-41.
Book call no.: R 355.03305 A8328 1999-2000

Brogan, Patrick. World Conflicts: A Comprehensive Guide to World Strife since 1945. Lanham, MD, Scarecrow Press, 1998. 682 p.
Sri Lanka, pp 250-260.
Book call no.: 909.82 B866w 1998

Bullion, Alan J. India, Sri Lanka and the Tamil Crisis 1976-1994. New York, Pinter, 1995. 226 p.
Book call no.: 327.5405493 B937i

The Counter-Insurgent State: Guerrilla Warfare and State Building in the Twentieth Century, edited by Paul B. Rich and Richard Stubbs. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1997. 235 p.
Counter-Insurgency and the State in Modern Sri Lanka, by Bruce Matthews, pp 72-96.
Book call no.: 322.42 C863

Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook 1999. Alexandria, VA, International Strategic Studies Association, 1999. 1760 p.
Sri Lanka, pp 1374-1383 (especially note section one 'History' and section nine 'Insurgency Groups').
Book call no.: R 355 D313 1999

Drake, C. J. M. Terrorists' Target Selection. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1998. 272 p.
See index under 'LTTE' for specific references.
Book call no.: 303.625 D761t

Encyclopedia of World Terrorism, edited by Martha Crenshaw and John Pimlott. Armonk, NY, M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1997. 3 vols.
Tamil Tiger Terror in Sri Lanka, pp 472-477.
Book call no.: R 303.625 E56 Vol.2

The Far East and Australasia 2000. 31st ed. London, Europa Publications Ltd, 1999. 1407 p.
Sri Lanka: History, by Kingsley M. de Silva, pp 1147-1156.
Book call no.: R 950.058 F219 31st ed 2000

Foreign Military Markets: Asia, Australia, & Pacific Rim. Newtown, CT, Forecast International/DMS, 2000. 1 vol.
Sri Lanka - report dated June 2000. References to LTTE and the civil war appear in most sections. Especially note the 'Analysis' section.
Book call no.: R 338.476234 F714

Grosscup, Beau. The Newest Explosions of Terrorism. Far Hills, NJ, New Horizon Press, 1998. 424 p.
Terrorism in Sri Lanka and India, pp 234-262.
Book call no.: 303.625 G878n

International Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Chicago, IL, Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997. 805 p.
Tamil Tiger Terror in Sri Lanka, pp 492-497.
Book call no.: R 303.625 I612

Jane's Sentinel: South Asia. Alexandria, VA, Jane's Information Group, 1999. 1 vol.
Sri Lanka - offers a fifty-eight page report. Especially note the sections on 'Internal Affairs', 'Guerrilla Forces', and 'Security and Foreign Forces'.
Book call no.: R 954 J33 1999 May-October

Jane's World Insurgency and Terrorism. Alexandria, VA, Jane's Information Group, 1999. 520 p.
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) Tamil Tigers, pp 186-187.
Group Leaders: Vellupillai Prabhakaran, p 307.
LTTE: Diary of Events, pp 456-464.
Book call no.: R 364.1 J33 1999 May-August

King, Charles. Ending Civil Wars. London, Oxford University Press for International Institute for Strategic Studies, March 1997. 94 p.
Provides references to the group throughout the book.
Book call no.: 909.82 I61a no.308

Laffin, John. The World in Conflict: War Annual 8. London, Brassey's, 1997. 198 p.
Sri Lanka Civil War, pp 182-192.
Book call no.: R 355.00904 W2532 v.8 1997

Laqueur, Walter. The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction. New York, Oxford University Press, 1999. 312 p.
Tamil Tigers, pp 191-196.
See index under "Tamil Tigers" for additional references.
Book call no.: 363.32 L317n

Marks, Thomas A. Maoist Insurgency since Vietnam. Portland, OR, Frank Cass, 1996. 303 p.
Maoist Miscue III: Disintegration of the Revolution in Sri Lanka, pp 174-252.
Book call no.: 959.05 M346m

Minahan, James. Nations Without States: A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 1996. 692 p.
Tamil Eelam, pp 551-553.
Book call no.: 909.82903 M663n

O'Ballance, Edgar. The Cyanide War: Tamil Insurrection in Sri Lanka, 1937-88. London, Brassey's, 1990. 139 p.
Book call no.: 954.9303 O12c

Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1999. Washington, U.S. Dept of State, April 2000. 107 p.
Sri Lanka, p 9.
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), pp 79-80.
Also available online at: http://www.state.gov/www/global/terrorism/1999report/1999index.html
Book call no.: R 303.625 P316 1999

Russell, Malcolm B. The Middle East and South Asia 1999. 33rd ed. Harpers Ferry, WV, Stryker-Post, 1999. 257 p.
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: Ethnic Strife Rises, pp 208-210.
Book call no.: R 915 C635m 33rd ed 1999

White, Jonathan R. Terrorism: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Belmont, CA, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1998. 321 p.
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, pp 237-239.
Book call no.: 363.32 W585t 1998

World Conflicts and Confrontations Volume III: Asia and the Pacific, edited by Charles F. Bahmueller. Hackensack, NJ, Salem Press, 2000. 1 vol.
Sri Lanka, pp 650-657.
Book call no.: R 909.82 W9273 v.3

Wanigasooriya, Palitha Ruwan. The Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka: A Clash of Civilizations. Fort Leavenworth, KS, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1997. 83 p.
Doc. call no.: M-U 42022 W247e

Athas, Iqbal. Analysis: Sri Lanka's Endless War. Jane's Defence Weekly 33:20-21 January 12, 2000.

Athas, Iqbal. Fighting Planned in LTTE's "Year of War". Jane's Intelligence Review 12:31-34 April 2000.

Athas, Iqbal. LTTE Resume Indian Operations Jane's Intelligence Review 11:3 April 1999.

Athas, Iqbal. USA Steps Up Aid for Sri Lanka in Tamil Tiger War. Jane's Defence Weekly 33:18 February 2, 2000.

Bonner, Raymond. Tamil Guerrillas in Sri Lanka: Deadly and Armed to the Teeth. New York Times,, p A1, col 1, March 7, 1998.
Discusses LTTE's arsenal of weapons and their lines of supply.

Byman, Daniel. The Logic of Ethnic Terrorism. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 21, no.2:149-169 April-June 1998.
Refers throughout to the LTTE's activities and strategies.

Chandrika's Challenge. Far Eastern Economic Review 163:24 March 16, 2000.
Sri Lanka's president on ending the ethnic crisis.

Davis, Anthony. Tamil Tiger International. Jane's Intelligence Review 8:469-473 October 1996.
Reviews the LTTE situation since the capture of the base in Mullaitivu July 1996. Includes information on LTTE's politics, arms procurement, and funding.

Davis, Anthony. Tracking Tigers in Phuket: A Secret Tamil Guerrilla Base Embarrasses Bangkok. Asiaweek 26:28 June 16, 2000.
Also available online at: http://www.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/magazine/2000/0616/nat.security.html

De Silva, Manik. Sri Lanka's Civil War. Current History 98:428-432 December 1999.

De Silva, Manik. Unexpected Allies. Far Eastern Economic Review 163:25 February 3, 2000.
United National Party will support the government's proposed constitutional amendments designed to prepare the ground for peace talks with LTTE.

Dhume, Sadanand. Taming the Tiger. Far Eastern Economic Review 163:20-21 May 18, 2000.
Tamil Tigers's advance on Jaffna poses a test for India.

Fernando, Nilan. Sri Lanka in 1998: Political Stalemate and Economic Drift. Asian Survey 39:185-190 January-February 1999.

Forces Scatter in Face of Tamil Tiger Attack. Jane's Defence Weekly 32:8 November 10, 1999.

Foreign Broadcast Information Service Reports.
For up-to-date information on the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), check the FBIS online database. Numerous articles are available for 1999 and 2000. (FBIS is a subscription service available in-house at the Air University Library).

Four Terrible Days. Economist 353:41-42 November 13, 1999.
Discusses the fighting in the Vanni region between the army and LTTE which resulted in the worst defeat for the army in 16 years.

Gunaratna, Rohan. LTTE Chase the Propaganda War in the ANC's South Africa. Jane's Intelligence Review 11:43-48 April 1999.

Harris, Paul. State of Insecurity: Sri Lanka and the War That Lost Its Way. Jane's Intelligence Review 11:36-39 May 1999.

Hellmann-Rajanayagam, Dagmar. After Six Months of Jayasikurui (Certain Victory): A Not So Certain Victory in Sri Lanka. Asian Defence Journal No.1:5-7+ January 1998.
On October 1997 the U.S. and several other countries declared the LTTE a terrorist organization. Reviews the effects of that declaration and the current situation

Hunter, Thomas B. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) - Sri Lanka. Counterterrorism & Security Reports 8, no.4:3 2000.

Interview with Lakshman Kadirgamar, Sri Lankan Foreign Minister. Jane's Defence Weekly 31:32 June 16, 1999.

Joshi, Charu Lata. Rajiv Gandhi Assassination: Gaps in the Probe. India Today 21:68-71+ May 31, 1996.
Probes links to LTTE and other Tamil rebels.

Joshi, Charu Lata. Ultimate Sacrifice. Far Eastern Economic Review 163:64-67 June 1, 2000.
Reports on LTTE's use of suicide bombers, the targets of suicide bombers, the bombers' views on their roles, etc.

Joshi, Manoj. On the Razor's Edge: The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 19, no.1:19-42 January-March 1996.

Kainikara, Sanu. The Tamil Insurrection in Sri Lanka - the Unwinnable War. Asia-Pacific Defence Reporter 25:44-46 February-March 1999.

Leader, Stefan and Wiencek, David. Drug Money: The Fuel for Global Terrorism. Jane's Intelligence Review 12:49-54 February 2000.

McDonald, Hamish. Stranger than Fiction. Far Eastern Economic Review 153:27-28 September 12, 1991.
Tamil Tigers's links to Rajiv Gandhi's assassination questioned.

Miller, Bill. 2 Groups Appeal Designation as Terror Organizations. Washington Post, p A2, March 14, 1999.

Miller, Bill. State Department Listing of Terror Groups Upheld. Washington Post, p A12, June 26, 1999.

A Prize from Norway. Economist 354:51 February 26, 2000.
Norwegian foreign minister, Knut Vollebaek, to facilitate peace talks in Sri Lanka.

Rajeswari, P. R. Ethnicity, Its Causes and Possible Solutions: The Case of Sri Lanka. Strategic Analysis 23:483-495 June 1999.
Also available online at: http://www.idsa-india.org/an-jun9-9.html

Rajeswarii, P. R. U.S. Policy on Terrorism -- Part II. Cases of Hizbollah and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Strategic Analysis 22:1215-1224 November 1998.
Also available online at: http://www.idsa-india.org/an-nov8-7.html

Ranawana, Arjuna. Colombo's Battle (with LTTE) for Jaffna. Asiaweek 26:37 May 19, 2000.
Also available online at: http://www.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/magazine/2000/0519/nat.srilanka.html

Samaranayake, Gamini. Patterns of Political Violence and Responses of the Government in Sri Lanka, 1971-1996. Terrorism and Political Violence 11:110-122 Spring 1999.

Samaranayake, Gamini. Political Violence in Sri Lanka: A Diagnostic Approach. Terrorism and Political Violence 9:99-119 Summer 1997.
Examines the causes and patterns of violence waged by the JVP and the LTTE in Sri Lanka.

Saravanamuttu, Paikiasothy. Sri Lanka in 1999. Asian Survey 40:219-225 January-February 2000.

Sri Lanka. Pinkerton Global Intelligence Services 2000.
Has Tamil Offensive Come to Colombo? 17:10-11 January 7, 2000.
Colombo Tightens Security. 17:12 March 31, 2000.
Government Forces Dig in to Defend Jaffna. 17:12 April 28, 2000.

Sri Lanka. For Your Eyes Only No.480:5+ January 2000.
Searches and Recruitment (fighting between LTTE and the government), p 5.
New Peace Initiative, p 12.
Government Alleges Military Coup Attempt (and LTTE operations), p 22.
Another Suicide Bombing, p 37.
Continuing Battle for Elephant Pass, pp 41-42.

Sri Lanka. For Your Eyes Only No.482:1+ March 2000.
Yet Another LTTE Offensive, p 1.
LTTE Offers Terms for Talks, p 6.
Daring LTTE Raid in Capital, p 19.
Naval Action (against LTTE), p 29.

Sri Lanka. For Your Eyes Only No.483:4+ April 2000.
Calls for Reform and Foreign Aid (Jaffna area battles), p 4.
Government Loses Major Base, pp 7-8.
Rebels Pushed Back, p 27.

Sri Lanka. For Your Eyes Only No.484:1+ May 2000.
LTTE Offensive Stopped for a While, p 1.
Gov't Refuses to Leave Jaffna, p 5.
LTTE activities, pp 12,17, 25 & 34.

Sri Lanka: City Slaughter. Economist 354:41 March 18, 2000.

Sri Lanka's New Killings. Economist 354:38-39 January 8, 2000.

Sri Lanka Tamil Tiger Rebels: A Powerful Force. Counterterrorism & Security Reports 7, nos.2-3:16 1998.

Sri Lanka Wants Peace, Perhaps. Economist 353:35-36 December 18, 1999.

Tamils Capture Jaffna-Kandy Highway. Jane's Defence Weekly 33:6 April 5, 2000.

[Return to Top]

[Return to Main Table of Contents]

Return to Bibliography List