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All sites last viewed July 11, 2000.
Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional - Voces de la Nueva Colombia.
Available at: http://www.eln-voces.com
Site includes various communicados, ELN historia, etc in Spanish. Offers a link to material in English (at http://www.web.net/eln/ - large ELN button at bottom).
An Overview of Recent Colombian History.
Available at: http://www.igc.org/colhrnet/timeline.htm
Offers an annotated timeline with references to ELN and FARC activities through April 2000.
The Peace Process in Colombia.
Available at: http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/
Site is maintained by the Center for International Policy. Offers background information including a timeline of events and information about the combatants. Also includes the peace initiatives and demands for each group.
Radio Patria Libre - Colombia.
Available at: http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/rpl/
Site is the information service of the Colombian Guerrilla Movement. Offered in several languages including English.
** For additional internet sites, refer to the General Internet Resources section at the beginning of this bibliography.
Books
Anderson, Sean and Sloan, Stephen. Historical Dictionary of Terrorism. Metuchen, NJ, Scarecrow Press, 1995. 452 p.
National Liberation Army (ELN), pp 240-243.
Book call no.: R 303.62503 A594h
Comparative Peace Processes in Latin America, edited by Cynthia J. Arnson. Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1999. 493 p.
Negotiating Peace amid Multiple Forms of Violence: The Protracted Search for a Settlement to the Armed Conflicts in Colombia, pp 159-195.
Appendix: Colombia's Major Guerrilla Movements, pp 196-199.
Book call no.: 980.033 C737
Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook 1999. Alexandria, VA, International Strategic Studies Association, 1999. 1760 p.
Colombia, pp 313-326 (especially note section one 'History' and section nine 'Insurgency Groups').
Book call no.: R 355 D313 1999
Encyclopedia of World Terrorism, edited by Martha Crenshaw and John Pimlott. Armonk, NY, M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1997. 3 vols.
Terrorism in Colombia, pp 430-433.
Book call no.: R 303.625 E56 Vol.2
Facts on File, 1999. New York, Facts on File, 1999. 1 vol.
Colombia: Suspected Rebel Hijackers Kidnap 46, April 15, 1999, p 273.
Colombia: Churchgoers Kidnapped (by ELN), June 3, 1999, p 406.
Book call no.: R 909.82 F11 1999
Foreign Military Markets: Latin America & Caribbean. Newtown, CT, Forecast International/DMS, 2000. 1 vol.
Colombia - report dated January 1999. Especially note the "Analysis" section ("guerrillas the gravest security threat").
Book call no.: R 338.476234 F7141
International Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Chicago, IL, Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997. 805 p.
Terrorism in Colombia, pp 448-451.
Book call no.: R 303.625 I612
Jane's Sentinel: South America. Alexandria, VA, Jane's Information Group, 2000. 1 vol.
Colombia - offers a fifty-seven page report. Especially note the sections on 'Internal Affairs' and 'Security and Foreign Forces'.
Book call no.: R 980 J33 2000 Feb-Jul
Jane's World Insurgency and Terrorism. Alexandria, VA, Jane's Information Group, 1999. 520 p.
Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional (ELN), pp 95-96.
ELN: Diary of Events, pp 382-389.
Book call no.: R 364.1 J33 1999 May-August
Kline, Harvey F. State Building and Conflict Resolution in Colombia, 1986-1994. Tuscaloosa, AL, University of Alabama Press, 1999. 240 p.
Barco's Guerrilla Policy, pp 33-43.
Negotiations between the Government and the Guerrilla Groups, pp 85-118.
See index under "Armed Forces of the Colombian Revolution" and "Army of National Liberation" for additional references.
Book call no.: 320.9861 K65s
Laffin, John. The World in Conflict: War Annual 8. London, Brassey's, 1997. 198 p.
Colombia: A Madhouse of War, pp 92-98.
Book call no.: R 355.00904 W2532 v.8 1997
Laqueur, Walter. The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction. New York, Oxford University Press, 1999. 312 p.
Colombia: Drugs and Terrorism, pp 188-191.
Terrorism and Organized Crime: Colombia, pp 212-214.
Book call no.: 363.32 L317n
Latin America Monitor: Andean Group. London, Business Monitor International, 2000. 1 vol.
Colombia: Military Build-Up Continues, January 2000, p 5.
Colombia: Peace Process Revived, March 2000, p 5.
U.S. Aid Delayed (discusses ELN and the peace efforts), May 2000, p 5.
Colombia's Confidence Crisis, June 2000, p 1+.
Book call no.: R 980.005 L357
Marcella, Gabriel and Schulz, Donald. Colombia's Three Wars: U.S. Strategy at the Crossroads. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Strategic Studies Institute. U.S. Army War College, March 1999. 41 p.
Book call no.: 320.9861 M314c
Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1999. Washington, U.S. Dept of State, April 2000. 107 p.
Latin America Overview: Colombia, pp 23-25.
National Liberation Army (ELN) - Colombia, p 81.
Also available online at: http://www.state.gov/www/global/terrorism/1999report/1999index.html
Book call no.: R 303.625 P316 1999
Radu, Michael and Tismaneanu, Vladimir. Latin American Revolutionaries: Groups, Goals, Methods. Washington, Pergamon-Brassey's, 1990. 386 p.
ELN, pp 156-161.
Book call no.: 322.42098 R132L
Societies of Fear: The Legacy of Civil War, Violence and Terror in Latin America. New York, Zed Books, 1999. 335 p.
From Banality of Violence to Real Terror: The Case of Colombia, pp 141-167.
Book call no.: 303.6098 S678
South America Central America and the Caribbean 2000. 8th ed. London, Europa Publications Limited, 1999. 832 p.
Colombia: History, pp 222-227.
Book call no.: R 980.003 S726 8th ed 2000
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps Narcotics and Terrorism. Confronting Threats to Security in the Americas. Hearing. 106th Congress, 1st session. Washington, GPO, 1999. 33 p.
Refers to the FARC and ELN activities. See 'Colombia', pp 13-19 and 24-30.
Book call no.: 355.03307 U581c
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Diplomatic Security. Political Violence Against Americans. Washington, GPO, 1999. 49 p.
Western Hemisphere: Colombia, pp 3-6.
Book call no.: 362.88 S578 1998
Violence in Colombia: The Contemporary Crisis in Historical Perspective, edited by Charles Bergquist and others. Wilmington, DE, SR Books, 1992. 337 p.
See index for references to ELN and especially pp 177-178 for history and development.
Book call no.: 303.6 V795
World Conflicts and Confrontations Volume I: The Americas, edited by Charles F. Bahmueller. Hackensack, NJ, Salem Press, 2000. 1 vol.
Colombia, pp 195-204.
Book call no.: R 909.82 W9273 v.1
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. Colombia: Conditions and U.S. Policy Options, by Nina M. Serafino. Washington, GPO, 2000. 36 p.
Reviews the current conflict including information concerning the FARC and the ELN.
Doc. call no.: M-U 42953-1 no.-RL30330
The Assault on Democratic Society in Colombia. Economist 354:35-36 March 18, 2000. Castano Threatens Venezuela, Panama. Latin American Weekly Report, p 436, September 21, 1999. Chernick, Marc W. Colombia's Fault Lines. Current History 95:76-81 February 1996. Chernick, Marc W. The Paramilitarization of the War in Colombia. NACLA Report on the Americas 31:28-33 March-April 1998. Colombia. Pinkerton Global Intelligence Services 2000. Colombia. For Your Eyes Only 2000. Colombia. Pinkerton Risk Assessment Services Weekly 1998. Colombia's Other Gangsters. Economist 334:48 March 25, 1995. Colombia: Switched Off. Economist 354:36+ January 29, 2000. ELN Rebels Storm Jail. Jane's Defence Weekly 33:6 April 12, 2000. ELN Steps Up Military Pressure. Latin American Weekly Report, p 76, February 15, 2000. ELN Steps Up the Pressure: Guerrillas Demand Early Start to National Convention. Latin American Weekly Report, p 44, January 25, 2000. Foreign Broadcast Information Service Reports. Hunter, Tom. Colombia's Oil Wars: A Chronological Analysis. Journal of Counterterrorism & Security International 5:4-5 Spring 1998. Klepak, Hal. Colombia: Why Doesn't the War End? Jane's Intelligence Review 12:41-45 June 2000. Latin America: Growing Kidnap Threat Throughout the Region. Pinkerton Global Intelligence Services 2000. 17:2-5 May 5, 2000. Leader, Stefan and Wiencek, David. Drug Money: The Fuel for Global Terrorism. Jane's Intelligence Review 12:49-54 February 2000. Leongomez, Eduardo Pizarro. Clouds over Colombia. NACLA Report on the Americas 33:6-9 September-October 1999. Narco-Terrorism Rears Its Head Again. Latin American Weekly Report, p 532, November 16, 1999. 'Necklace Bomb' Rattles Peace Process. Latin American Weekly Report, p 230, May 23, 2000. Novak, Richard D. Who Lost Colombia? Current News: Early Bird, pp 15-16, April 9, 1998. Passage, David. Colombia in Turmoil: How the U.S. Could Help. Special Warfare 13:8-15 Winter 2000. Pastrana's Many Battles. Economist 353:31-32 November 27, 1999. Pastrana & Serpa Draw Back from the Brink. Latin American Weekly Report, p 246, May 30, 2000. Shifter, Michael. Colombia at War. Current History 98:116-121 March 1999. Shifter, Michael. The United States and Colombia: Partners in Ambiguity. Current History 99:51-55 February 2000. The Storm Before the Calm? Latin American Weekly Report, p 580, December 14, 1999. Tickner, Arlene B. Colombia: Chronicle of a Crisis Foretold. Current History 97:61-65 February 1998. Venezuela and Colombia: And Guerrillas. Economist 334:46 March 25, 1995.
"Neighboring countries accused (by paramilitaries) of backing rebels".
2,733 Persons Kidnapped Between January and November 1999. 17:3 January 7, 2000.
FARC Kills 5 ELN Guerrillas in Fight for Control in Arauca. 17:4 January 14, 2000.
Bombing Electric Transmission Towers: What Does the ELN Want? 17:1-3 January 21, 2000.
ELN Threatens More Energy Sabotage. 17:4 January 28, 2000.
ELN Orders Boats on Magdalena River to Suspend Service or Become Target. 17:3 February 25, 2000.
Police Thwart Rebel Kidnap of Three Highway Dept Employees. 17:4 March 17, 2000.
ELN Blows Up Power Lines and Dam. 17:4 March 24, 2000.
ELN Vows Nationwide Attacks Will Continue. 17:3 April 7, 2000.
Guerrillas Bomb Four Mormon Temples. 17:3 April 14, 2000.
Peace Process at a Major Turning Point: ELN Safe Haven Sparks Protest. 17:1-3 April 28, 2000.
U.S. Ranks Colombia First for Terrorist Attacks. 17:5 May 5, 2000.
Rebels Bomb Police Post in Cali. 17:4 July 7, 2000.
Christmas Truce (with ELN) Shattered. No.480:40 January 2000.
Power Out Again (power lines attacked). No.482:10 March 2000.
Another Demilitarised Zone. No.483:4 April 2000.
U.S. to Begin Military Aid to Help Government Fight Guerrilla War. 15, no.2:1 January 9, 1998.
Kidnapping on the Rise. 15, no.5:1-2 January 30, 1998.
Guerrilla Peace Distant. 15, no.6:1 February 6, 1998.
Conflicting Predictions in Wake of ELN Leader's Death. 15, no.15:1-2 April 10, 1998.
Kidnapping Reports Published by Watch Dog Group. 15, no.16:1-2 April 17, 1998.
Violence Expected in Advance of May 31 Round of Presidential Elections. 15, no.17:1 April 24, 1998.
Rebels Warn U.S. to Stay Out of the Fight. 15, no.20:1-2 May 15, 1998.
The National Liberation Army has existed for 47 years, although the lines between revolution and mere crime are increasingly blurred.
Discusses the ELN's position on peace efforts.
"Hardliners go all-out for demilitarised zone in Bolivar".
For up-to-date information on the National Liberation Army (ELN), check the FBIS online database. Articles are available for 1999 and 2000. (FBIS is a subscription service available in-house at the Air University Library).
Discusses activities of the ELN and the FARC.
Discusses the support for the peace process and the United States' involvement in the conflict.
Note section on "Peace Process".
According to official sources, narcotics-financed guerrillas now control 40-50% of Colombia. Discusses the U.S. relationship to Colombia.
Discusses the peace talks with FARC and ELN and mentions the new FARC "law".
"Guerrillas (ELN) launch fresh wave of attacks. ELN is growing at a rate of 30% a year".
Describes the border tension resulting from cross-border attacks by the ELN who 'would love to see the two countries at war'.
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