Air University Library Publications

WARGAMING



Artificial Intelligence

CONTENTS


BOOKS


 

The AI Business: The Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence, edited by Patrick H. Winston and Karen A. Prendergast. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1984. 324 p.
Bibliography, pp 297-304. Glossary, pp 305-318.
Book call no.: 338.47001535 A288

Advances in Artificial Intelligence Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI-84, Pisa, Italy, September 5-7, 1984. Edited by Tim O'Shea. New York, North-Holland, 1985. 423 p.
Contents: Expert Systems; Robotics and Vision; Cognitive Modelling and Learning; Natural Language; Knowledge Representation.
Book call no.: 006.3 E89a

AI in the 1980s and Beyond, an MIT Survey. Edited by W. Eric L. Grimson and Ramesh S. Patil. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1987. 374 p.
Book call no.: 006.3 A288

Allen, John. Anatomy of LISP. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1978. 446 p.
Bibliography, pp 426-441.
Book call no.: 001.6424 A427a

Artificial Intelligence, by the editors of Time-Life Books. Alexandria, VA, 1986. 128 p. (Understanding Computers Series)
Prescriptions for Logical Systems, pp 31-42.
Book call no.: 006.3 A791

Artificial Intelligence and Instruction; Applications and Methods, edited by Greg Kearsley. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 1987. 351 p.
See Index for references to Games.
Book call no.: 371.39445 A791

Artificial Intelligence and National Defense: Applications to C3I and Beyond, edited by Stephen J. Andriole. Washington, AFCEA International Press, 1987. 186 p.
Artificial Intelligence in Military Applications, by Randall P. Shumaker and Jude Franklin, pp13-32.
Book call no.: 355.330410285 A791

Artificial Intelligence for Society, edited by Karamjit S. Gill. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1986. 280 p.
Section 19: Logic Programming and Expert Systems, by Chris Mellish, pp 209-214.
Book call no.: 006.3 A7913

Artificial Intelligence: Principles and Applications, edited by Masoud Yazdani. London, Chapman and Hall, 1986. 348 p.
Wargames, pp 208-209.
Book call no.: 006.3 A7912

Artificial Intelligence: Tools, Techniques, and Applications. Tim O'Shea and Marc Eisenstadt, editors. New York, Harper & Row, 1984. 497 p.
"This book is designed for the newcomer to artificial intelligence. The original impetus for this volume was an AISB school that was organised for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in computer science and psychology, as well as for professionals engaged in their first industrial AI endeavour...detailed implementation notes and/or annotated bibliographies are provided as appropriate."
Book call no.: 001.535 A791

Berk, A. A. LISP, the Language of Artificial Intelligence. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985. 160 p.
"...AI is concerned with the manipulation of lists of objects. Thus, a good AI language must be concerned primarily with lists and their manipulation... Throughout the book examples are given to ensure that the language may be learned from a practical point of view. The last chapter contains an example of a longer LISP program which is oriented towards AI."
Book call no.: 006.3 A512L

Building Expert Systems, edited by Frederick Hayes-Roth, Donald A. Waterman and Douglas B. Lenat. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 1983. 444 p.
Glossary, pp 399-403. References, pp 405-420. Suggested Reading, pp 421-426.
Book call no.: 001.64 B932

Chang, Chin-Liang. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Techniques. Austin, TX, JMA Press, 182 p.
References at the end of each chapter. Index, pp 175-182.
Book call no.: 006.3 C456i

Charniak, Eugene, Riesbeck, Christopher K., and McDermott, Drew V. Artificial Intelligence Progamming. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Pubs, 1980. 323 p.
Part I: Advanced LISP Programming. Part II: AI Programming Techniques. Part III: Sample Project. Appendix: LISP Functions and Reserved Words. Bibliography, pp 311-314.
Book call no.: 001.535 C483a

Cimbala, Stephen J. Artificial Intelligence and National Security. Lexington, MA, D.C. Heath, 1987. 223 p.
Part I. Strategic Intelligence, War, and Deterrence, pp 19-86. Part II. Explaining and Predicting Foreign Policy: Uses and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence, pp 87-158. Part III. Intelligence Reckoning and Aggregated Policy Issues: Illustrations and Concerns, pp 159-214. Notes and References at end of each chapter.
Book call no.: 355.030285 A791

Defense Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Progress and Prospects. Edited by Stephen J. Andriole and Gerald W. Hopple. Lexington, MA, D.C. Heath & Co, 1988. 385 p.
Section III. Applications: Case Studies, pp151-367.
Book call no.: 623.028563 D313

Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence. Edited by Stuart C. Shapiro and David Eckroth. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1987. 2 vols.
Game Playing, vol.1, pp312-319.
Book call no.: R 006.30321 E56

Feigenbaum, Edward A and McCorduck Pamela. The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and Japan's Computer Challenge to the World. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 1983. 275 p.
Appendix A: Generic Categories of Knowledge Engineering Applications. Appendix B: Selected Experimental and Operational Expert Systems. Appendix C: Worldwide Artificial Intelligence Activity. Appendix D: Fifth Generation Computer R&D Themes. Appendix E: Glossary. Appendix F: Notes. Appendix G: Books for Further Reading.
Book call no.: 621.381958 F297f

Fischler, Martin A. and Firschein, Oscar. Intelligence: The Eye, the Brain, and the Computer. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 1987. 331 p.
Section 4. Reasoning and Problem Solving, pp 83-128. (Appendixes 4-1: AI Programming Languages--LISP; PROLOG; OPS-5) Section 7. Expert/Knowledge-Based Systems, pp 189-203.
Book call no.: 006.3 F531i

Foreign Policy Decision Making: Perception, Cognition, and Artificial Intelligence, edited by Donald A. Sylvan and Steve Chan. New York, Praeger, 1984. 347 p. (New Dimensions in International Studies)
Part III, Artificial Intelligence: Algorithms, Heuristics, and the Artificial Intelligence Modelling of Strategic Statecraft, by Howard Tamashiro, pp 197-226 (References, pp 223-226) Data Stories: Learning About Learning from the U.S. Experience in Vietnam, by James P. Bennett, pp 227-279 (References, pp 270-279) Intentional Inferencing in Foreign Policy: An AI Approach, by Stuart J. Thorson, pp 280-309 (References, pp 308-309) China, China Watching, and CHINA--WATCHER, by Akihiko Tanaka, pp 310-344 (References, pp 342-344)
Book call no.: 327.11019 F714

Forsyth, Richard and Naylor, Chris. The Hitch-Hiker's Guide to Artificial Intelligence: Applesoft Basic Version. New York, Chapman and Hall/Metheun, 1985. 261 p.
Computer Game-Playing Strategies, pp 178-210.
Book call no.: 001.535 F735h

George, F. H. Artificial Intelligence--Its Philosophy and Neural Context. London, Gordon and Breach Science Pubs, 1986, 222 p.
Book 1, The Basic Issues of Information Technology: Model Making, pp 19-47. Book 2, Artificial Intelligence, pp 51-212 (Game Playing, pp 114-125) References, pp 213-222.
Book call no.: 001.535 G347a

Gevarter, William B. Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, Computer Vision, and Natural Language Processing. Park Ridge, NJ, Noyes Publications, 1984. 226 p.
Part A: Artificial Intelligence--The Core Ingredients. Part B: Applications--Expert Systems, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, etc. Part C: Basic AI Topics--Automation, Search-Oriented Problem Solving, Knowledge Representation, Computational Logic. References at end of each chapter.
Book call no.: 001.535 G396a

The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, edited by Avron Barr, Edward A. Feigenbaum and Paul R. Cohen. Stanford, CA, HeurisTech Press, 1982. 3 vols.
Cumulative Indexes for Volumes I, II, and III, in volume III, pp 587-639.
Book call no.: 001.535 H236

Hasemer, Tony. Looking at LISP: A Guide to Bringing the Power of the Leading Artificial Intelligence Language to Microcomputers. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 1984. 257 p.
References, pp 251-252. Index, pp 253-257.
Book call no.: 001.6424 H347L

Haugeland, John. Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1985. 287 p.
Automatic Systems, pp 76-84; Source of Order in Text, pp 107-111.
Book call no.: 001.535 H371a

Hopper, Grace M. (RADM) and Mandell, Steven L. Understanding Computers. Second Edition. New York, West Pub Co, 1987. 527 p.
See index for references to artificial intelligence.
Book call no.: 004 H786u

Hunt, V. Daniel. Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems Sourcebook. New York, Chapman & Hall, 1986. 315 p.
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, pp 1-39. Definitions A to Z, pp 41-277.
Book call no.: 006.303 H943a

James, Mike. BASIC Artificial Intelligence. Boston, Butterworths, 1986. 145 p.
The author states..."There is no reason to keep artificial intelligence in the realms of advanced computer science... Artificial Intelligence methods contain such a wealth of applied computing techniques that it is a waste not to use them to provide examples of the more complex data structures such as trees, stacks and networks as early as possible." Bibliography, p 144; Index, p 145.
Book call no.: 006.3 J28b

Kolodner, Janet L. and Riesbeck, Christopher K., eds. Experience, Memory, and Reasoning. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1986. 256 p.
References at end of each chapter.
Book call no.: 153 K81e

Parsaye, Kamran and Chignell, Mark. Expert Systems for Experts. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1988. 462 p.
Bibliography, pp423-455.
Book call no.: 006.33 P266e

Patent, Dorothy H. The Quest for Artificial Intelligence. New York, Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich Pubs, 1986. 187 p.
Chapter 8, AI and Games, pp 91-101.
Book call no.: 006.3 P295q

Readings in Artificial Intelligence and Software Engineering, edited by Charles Rich and Richard C. Waters. Los Altos, CA, Morgan Kaufmann Pubs, 1986. 602 p.
The volume is a collection of thirty-four archival papers covering the spectrum of work in the attempts to apply artificial intelligence techniques to the programming task. The papers are grouped into eleven sections according to the main technique or application focus of each paper. Each section is introduced by a short discussion which ties together the papers in the section and points out other related papers in the volume. Bibliography, pp 589-599.
Book call no.: 006.3 R287

Schank, Roger C. and Childers, Peter G. The Cognitive Computer on Language, Learning, and Artificial Intelligence. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 1984. 268 p.
The authors explain AI to the general reader. See Index for references to Games.
Book call no.: 001.64 S299c

Schutzer, Daniel. Artificial Intelligence, an Applications-Oriented Approach. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1987. 294 p.
Chapter 3, Tools and Techniques: LISP; Logic Programming and PROLOG; Other Languages and Higher-Order Software Tools; LISP Machines and Other Special Hardware, pp 94-129.
Book call no.: 006.3 S396a

Scown, Susan J. The Artificial Intelligence Experience: An Introduction. Maynard, MA, Digital Equipment Corp, 1985. 183 p.
"The goal of this book is not to publish new and original information or to speculate about the more exotic possibilities that AI may offer in the future. Its goal is, rather, to synthesize practical information that has become common knowledge in the AI community. In this book, you will find the basics, not the most technical information." At the end of each chapter is an annotated bibliography.
Book call no.: 006.3 S432a

Siklossy, Laurent. Let's Talk LISP. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1976. 237 p.
Appendix C: A LISP Bibliography, pp 224-225.
Book call no.: 001.6424 S579L

Waldrop, M. Mitchell. Man-Made Minds: The Promise of Artificial Intelligence. New York, Walker and Co, 1987. 280 p.
See index for subjects Games-and-puzzles approach and Rand Corp.
Book call no.: 006.3 W167m

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DOCUMENTS


Center for Aerospace Doctrine, Research and Education. Artificial Intelligence, a "User Friendly" Introduction, by Col Pat O. Clifton, USAF. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air University Press, Mar 1985. 61 p. (Air University. Airpower Research Institute Research Report no.AU-ARI-85-1)
Bibliography (Nontechnical Introduction to Artificial Intelligence) p 61.
Doc. call no.: M-U 40084-7 no.85-1 EDArtificial Intelligence

Rand Corp. AI for Systems Management (AI in Modeling and Simulation), by Frederick Hayes-Roth and others. Santa Monica, CA, Jan 1981. 31 p. (P-6573)
Bibliography, pp 29-31.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.6573

Rand Corp. Applying Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Strategic-Level Gaming and Simulation, by Paul K. Davis. Santa Monica, CA, Nov 1985. 37 p. (P-7120)
Bibliography, pp 35-37.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.7120

Rand Corp. Artificial Intelligence: A Rand Perspective, by Philip Klahr and Donald A. Waterman. Santa Monica, CA, Jan 1986. 24 p. (Rand Paper P-7172)
References, pp 13-22.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.7172

Rand Corp. Automated War Gaming: An Overview of the Rand Strategy Assessment Center, by Herbert J. Shukiar. Santa Monica, CA, May 1985. 28 p. (P-7085)
Paper prepared for an address at the C2 Battle Management session of the Artificial Intelligence Applications to the Battlefield Seminar held at Fort Monmouth, NJ, May 1985.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.7085

Rand Corp. Concepts for Improving the Military Content of Automated War Games, by Paul K. Davis. Santa Monica, CA, Nov 1982. 19 p. (P-6830)
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.6830

Rand Corp. Design for an Advanced Red Agent for the Rand Strategy Assessment Center, by Randall Steeb and James Gillogly. Santa Monica, CA, May 1983. 72 p. (R-2977-DNA)
References, pp 69-72. Prepared for the Defense Nuclear Agency.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-1 no.2977

Rand Corp. Future Military Applications for Knowledge Engineering, by Steven C. Bankes. Santa Monica, CA, Feb 1985. 51 p. (N-2102)
Prospects Versus Risks for Applied Artificial Intelligence, pp 46-48. References, pp 49-51.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-53 no.2102

Rand Corp. Game-Structured Analysis as a Framework for Defense Planning, by Paul K. Davis. Santa Monica, CA, Jan 1985. 46 p. (P-7051)
The Rand Strategy Assessment Center: Background; Automated War Gaming; Program Status, pp 17-23. Bibliography, pp 45-46.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.7051

Rand Corp. Improving the Military Content of Strategy Analysis Using Automated War Games: A Technical Approach and an Agenda for Research, by Paul K. Davis and Cindy Williams. Santa Monica, CA, Jun 1982. 53 p. (N-1894-DNA)
"The Rand Strategy Assessment Center seeks to improve U.S. strategy analysis by combining the best features of political-miitary war gaming and analytic modeling. The RSAC's objective is to find ways to make war gaming more efficient, rigorous, and analytical. Our approach involves artificial intelligence techniques producing computer models able to act in place of some or all of the human teams."
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-53 no.1894

Rand Corp. Knowledge Engineering for Rand Strategy Assessment Center Military Command Level Models, by William Schwabe. Santa Monica, CA, Jul 1985. 23 p. (P-7115)
Selected Bibliography, p 23.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.7115

Rand Corp. The MARK III Scenario Agent: A Rule-Based Model of Third-Country Behavior in Superpower Crises and Conflict, by David A. Shlapak, William L Schwabe, Mark A. Lorell, and Yoav Ben-Horin. Santa Monica, CA, Oct 1985. 139 p. (N-2363-NA)
Appendix B: Selected Bibliography of RSAC Publications, p 139. Revised by N-2363-1-NA, The Rand Strategy Assessment System's Green Agent Model of Third-Country Behavior in Superpower Crises and Conflict.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-53 no.2363

Rand Corp. A New Methodology for Modeling National Command Level Decisionmaking in War Games and Simulations, by Paul K. Davis, Steven C. Bankes, and James P. Kahan. Santa Monica, CA, Jul 1986. 117 p. (R-3290-NA)
NCL Models as Artificial Intelligence, pp xi-xiii.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-1 no.3290

Rand Corp. New Methods for Strategic Analysis: Automating the Wargame, by Morlie H. Graubard and Carl H. Builder. Santa Monica, CA, Apr 1982. 25 p. (P-6763)
References, p 25.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.6763

Rand Corp. On the Modelling of Creative Behavior, by Harold Cohen. Santa Monica, CA, Nov 1981. 61 p. (P-6681)
Brief bibliography, p 60.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.6681

Rand Corp. Plan Synchronization in the RSAC (Rand Strategy Assessment Center) Environment, by David Shlapak, Patrick Allen and William Schwabe. Santa Monica, CA, Feb 1986. 15 p. (P-7195)
"In expert systems and artificial intelligence work, scripts are used in much the same way scenarios are used for planning and analytic purposes," p 4. AWP (Analytic War Plans) Design and structure, pp 6-8. Selected Bibliography of RSAC Publications.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.7195

Rand Corp. Programming in ROSIE: An Introduction by Means of Examples, by J. Fain, F. Hayes-Roth, H. Sowizral, and D. Waterman. Santa Monica, CA, Feb 1982. 87 p. (N-1646-ARPA)
"ROSIE is a programming language and programming system for artificial intelligence (AI) application. The ROSIE language is a stylized version of English." 4.2. War Gaming, pp 31-34.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-53 no.1646

Rand Corp. The RAND-ABEL Programming Language: History, Rationale, and Design, by Norman Z. Shapiro, H. Edward Hall, Robert H. Anderson, Mark LaCasse. Santa Monica, CA, Aug 1985. 43 p. (R-3274-NA)
"The RAND-ABEL language was developed at Rand Corp for use in writing complex rule-based models as part of a system for automated war gaming."
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-1 no.3274

Rand Corp. Rand's Experience in Applying Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Strategic-Level Military-Political War Gaming, by Paul K. Davis. Santa Monica, CA, Apr 1984. 28 p. (P-6977)
References, pp 27-28.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.6977

Rand Corp. The Rand Strategy Assessment Center: An Overview and Interim Conclusions about Utility and Development Options, by Paul K. Davis and James A. Winnefeld. Santa Monica, CA, Mar 1983. 95 p. (R-2945-DNA)
The Concept of Automated War Gaming, pp 16-18.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-1 no.2945

Rand Corp. The Rand Strategy Assessment Center and the Future of Simulation and Gaming, by David A. Shlapak. Santa Monica, CA, Nov 1985. 5 p. (P-7162)
Remarks prepared for presentation at the meeting of the Section for Military Studies of the International Studies Association at the University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana, 9 November 1985.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.7162

Rand Corp. The Rand Strategy Assessment Center System Perspective, by Herbert J. Shukiar. Santa Monica, CA, Jun 1984. 22 p. (P-6978)
"The RSAC is a highly ambitious, multiyear research program to develop a system and methodology that combine the systematic reproducibility of analytic modeling/simulation with the behavioral richness of rule-based artificial intelligence technology."
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.6978

Rand Corp. The Rand Strategy Assessment System's Green Agent Model of Third-Country Behavior in Superpower Crises and Conflict, by David A. Shlapak, William L Schwabe, Mark A. Lorell, and Yoav Ben-Horin. Santa Monica, CA, Sep 1986. 145 p. (N-2363-1-NA)
"Green Agent, formerly called Scenario Agent, is the Rand Stategy Assessment System's rule-based computer model of third-country political-military behavior in conflicts involving one or both superpowers." "This note is a revision of N-2363-NA, The Mark III Scenario Agent: A Rule-Based Model of Third-Country Behavior in Superpower Crises and Conflict, published in October 1985." (Lib. doc. no.M-30352-53-U: no.2363) Section III, Technical Description of Green Agent, pp 33-53.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-53 no.2363-1

Rand Corp. Rationale and Motivation for ROSIE, by F. Hayes-Roth, D. Gorlin, S. Rosenschein, H. Sowizral, D. Waterman. Santa Monica, CA, Nov 1981. 97 p. (N-1648-ARPA)
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-53 no.1648

Rand Corp. The Role of Automated War Gaming in Strategic Analysis, by Bruce W. Bennett and Paul K. Davis. Santa Monica, CA, Dec 1984. 19 p. (P-7053)
References, p 19.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.7053

Rand Corp. The ROSIE Language Reference Manual, by J. Fain, D. Gorlin, F. Hayes-Roth, S. Rosenschein, J. Sowizral, D. Waterman. Santa Monica, CA, Dec 1981. 143 p. (N-1647-ARPA)
ROSIE (Rule-Oriented System for Implementing Expertise)
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-53 no.1647

Rand Corp. Search for a Red Agent To Be Used in War Games and Simulations, by Paul K. Davis and William L. Schwabe. Santa Monica, CA, Jul 1985. 33 p. (P-7107)
Bibliography of Related Rand Work, p 33. "A Red Agent is a model in the form of a computer program that can replace or support a human Red Team in war games and game-structured simulations. The Red Agent must be able to choose strategies, issue orders to Red forces, make diplomatic requests to other nations, and adapt its behavior to events in a simulated conflict. The Red Agents should reflect soviet mindsets, concepts, and style. However, because there are fundamental uncertainties about likely and plausible Soviet behavior, there is need for alternative Red Agents that we call "Ivans." (The Red Agents are artificial intelligence models)
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-16 no.7107

Rand Corp. TATR: A Prototype Expert System for Tactical Air Targeting, by Monti Callero, Donald A. Waterman, and James R. Kipps. Santa Monica, CA, Aug 1984. 79 p. (R-3096-ARPA)
References, p 79.
Doc. call no.: M-U 30352-1 no.3096

U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. FY 1986 US Air Force Plan for Defense Research Sciences. Bolling AFB, DC, May 1985. 155 p.
Technical Area 8: Computational Sciences--Artificial Intelligence, pp 140-143.
Doc. call no.: M-U 38230-7 FY 86

White, Gregory B. (Capt). Artificial Intelligence Concepts and the War Gaming Environment: A Case Study Using the TEMPO War Game. Wright-Patteron AFB, OH, Mar 1986. 146 p.
Thesis (M.S.)--Air Force Institute of Technology. School of Engineering.
Doc. call no.: M-U 39567-5 W584a

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PERIODICALS


 

Artificial Intelligence. Daedalus 117:entire issue Winter '88.
Good overview of the state-of-the-art.

Artificial Intelligence. Signal 40:entire issue Jun '86.
Artificial Intelligence: A Brief Tutorial, by Joel D. Daniels, pp 21-23+. Artificial Intelligence in Military Applications, by Dr. Randall P. Shumaker and Dr. Jude Franklin, pp 29-30+. Artificial Intelligence for Air Force Tactical Planning, by Alexander J. Tachmindji and Edward L. Lafferty, pp 110-114.

Geisenheyner, Stefan. Possible Applications of Neurocomputing in Defense: From Artificial Intelligence to Acquired Wisdom. Armada International 14:62-68 Feb-Mar '90.

Geisenheyner, Stefan. Possible Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Mimicking the Human Brain Is Still Some Way Off. Armada International 13:22+ Feb-Mar '89.

Gerencser, Mark and Smetek, Ron. Artificial Intelligence: Technology and Applications. Military Technology 9:67-70+ Jun '85.
"...a survey of artificial intelligence, the current state of the supporting technology, and the application areas that are being emphasized by the defense development community."

Kunselman, Robert A. Expert Systems and National Security. Aerospace & Defense Science 9:23-24+ Oct-Nov '90.

Linden, Eugene. Putting Knowledge To Work: Suddenly, Artificial Intelligence Produces Some Results. Time 131:60-63 Mar 28 '88.
The military tapping second-wave technology, pp 62-63.

Lynch, Ricky (Capt, USA) and McGee, Michael R. (Capt, USA). Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. Military Review 66:50-56 Dec '86.
"The earliest applications of AI to military operational deficiencies will probably emerge...from an area called "expert systems." Expert systems are computer programs which possess extensive knowledge in a specific, typically very narrow, domain. A great deal of effort is being focused on applications which can provide the military commander with an expert planning aid."

McGraw, Karen L. Integrated Systems Development; Artificial Intelligence Provides the Competitive Edge. Defense Science & Electronics 5:62+ Dec '86.

Rhea, John. Why Can't Computers Think Like Humans? Air Force Magazine 73:70-74 Jun '90.

Schultz, James B. Artificial Intelligence Meets Training and Simulation Needs. Armed Forces Journal International 126:70 Nov '88.

Shea, John D. New Developments in Neural Networks. Defense Science 9:56-57 Feb '90.

Shurkin, Joel N. Expert Systems: The Practical Face of Artificial Intelligence. Technology Review 86:72-78 Nov-Dec '83.
An interesting, general article on researchers striving to capture experts' knowledge in computer programs, some of which are already in everyday use.

Special Issue On Computers and Artificial Intelligence. IEEE Spectrum 20:entire issue Nov '83.
SCS: Toward Supersmart Computer for the Military, pp 53-55.

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