DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS

ABLE SENTRY

• Mission: To monitor and report any military activity near the Macedonia-Serbia-Bulgaria border with the goal of keeping Macedonia out of the Bosnian civil war.
• Dates: 12 July 1993-
• Participating units: Primarily U.S. Army.
• Type: Peacekeeping
• Location: Macedonia
• Bibliography: Ide, Douglas "Backing peace in the Balkans". Soldiers 49(3): 14-17, March 1994.

CONTINUE HOPE

• Mission: Support of UNOSOM (UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN SOMALIA) II to establish a secure environment for humanitarian relief operations by providing personnel, logistical, communications, intelligence support, a quick reaction force, and other elements as required.
• Dates: May-December 1993
• Participating units: United Nations-led coalition forces
• Type: Peacekeeping, humanitarian
• Location: Somalia
• Bibliography: Timms, Ed. "Mission in Somalia offers mixed lessons".Times Picayune, p. A30, 27 March 1994

DAGUET

• Mission: Operation Daguet is the term used by the French for DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM. ( "Daguet" is the French for a young deer with its first growth of horns ; the name follows the French convention of naming military operations for animals.)
• Dates: Same as ODS
• Participating Units: French coalition forces
• Location: Persian Gulf
• Bibliography: "Operation DAGUET: French Forces in the Gulf" [interviews with four French commanders]. Military Technology 15(8): 23-35, August 1991.

DENY FLIGHT

• Mission: To keep aircraft out of the air-exclusion ("no-fly") zone over Bosnia-Herzegovina, imposed by the United Nations Resolution 816. This is the first time that NATO forces have conducted an operation out of its member-states' territories.
• Dates: 13 April 1993-
• Participating Units: U.S. Navy; U.S. Air Force, NATO forces. 164 aircraft, 4,000 NATO personnel.
• Type: Peacekeeping
• Location: Bosnia-Herzegovina
• Bibliography:
  
  • "NATO Launches 'DENY FLIGHT' operation over Bosnia". United Press International [wire service], 13 April 1993.
  • "DENY FLIGHT notches up 10,000 missions". Agence France Presse [wire service], 11 January 1994.
  • "DENY FLIGHT Forces poised for Bosnia strikes". Jane's Defence Weekly 20(7):19, 14 August 1993. [Includes sidebar, "NATO assets in the region".].

DESERT CALM

A nickname given to OPERATION DESERT FAREWELL. An example of it's use appears in a Washington Post article by Caryle Murphy entitled " Remaining U.S. Troops Wait Out 'Operation DESERT CALM'", 8 June 1991, p. A1, Saturday, Final Edition.

DESERT FAREWELL

• Mission: Redeployment following the Gulf war.
• Dates: January 1992-
• Participating Units: Primarily 5th Army; 425th Transportation Agency (MC)
• Type: Logistics
• Location: Persian Gulf
• Bibliography: Schumm, Walter; Peschke, Rolla; Cone, Fred. "Fifth Army detects trends in DESERT STORM redeployment operations". Translog 6(2): 6+, July 1992

DESERT SABRE

• Mission: To mount an airland offensive against the Iraqi Army in the Kuwaiti Theater of Operations (the "100-hour war"). >Dates: 24-28 February 1991 (an operation within the overarching Operation DESERT STORM)
• Participating Units: Joint, combined, and multinational (Coalition) forces.
• Type: Offensive
• Location: Persian Gulf
• Bibliography: Hiro, Dilip. Desert Shield to Desert Storm: the Second Gulf War. New York: Routledge, 1992 [chapter 10 consists of a highly detailed description of DESERT SABRE.]

DESERT SHIELD

• Mission: The name applied to all military operations from the first U.S. response on 6 August 1990 until the initiation of combat on 17 January 1991
• Dates: 6 August 1990-17 January 1991
• Participating Units: Joint, combined, and multinational (Coalition) forces.
• Type: Defensive
• Location: Persian Gulf
• Bibliography: Too extensive to include here.

DESERT STORM

• Mission: "An offensive campaign (to) enforce United Nations resolutions that Iraq must cease its rape and pillage of ...Kuwait" (Commander in Chief, U.S. Central Command, message to the forces on 17 January 1991, from The U.S. Army in Operation DESERT STORM, Association of the United States Army, p. 11)
• Dates: 17 January-28 February 1991 (Dates for DESERT SABRE, the ground war, are included in the period covered by DESERT STORM).
• Participating Units: Joint, combined, and multinational (Coalition forces).
• Type: Offensive
• Location: Persian Gulf
• Bibliography: Taylor, William J. and Blackwell, James. "The ground war in the Gulf". Survival 33(3): 230-245, May-Jun 1991. [provides a good brief chronology of the ground campaign.]

DESERT SWORD:

Early name given to Operation DESERT SABRE.

EASTERN EXIT

• Mission: Evacuation of 281 noncombatants from the U.S. Embassy in Mogadishu, Somalia.
• Dates: 2 -11 January 1991.
• Participating Units: USS Guam, USS Trenton, 4th Marine Expeditionary Bde, Air Force AC-130 (intelligence gathering and fire support, and 9-man Navy SEAL team), others.
• Type: Evacuation
• Location: Somalia
• Bibliography: Siegel, Adam. "An American Entebbe". Naval Institute Proceedings 118(5): 96-100, May 1992.

FIERY VIGIL

• Mission: Evacuation of 19,000 Air Force and Naval personnel and their families from Clark AFB/Subic Bay during the eruption of Mount Pinatubo's volcano and Typhoon Yunya.
• Dates: 16-26 June 1991
• Participating Units: 17 7th Fleet ships; III MEF; MAGTF 4-90 (Marines)
• Type: Humanitarian; Disaster Relief; Evacuation
• Location: Philippines
• Bibliography:
  
  • Mukri, Kevin M. "Out from the ash: Fiery Vigil". Naval Institute Proceedings 118(5): 117-119, May 1992.
  • Robinson, Matthew T. "Operation FIERY VIGIL: Philippine relief effort". Marine Corps Gazette 75(11): 110-112, November 1991.

GHOST ZONE

• Mission: "To completely disband the drug-trafficking organizations that have operated throughout the Chapare' region (of Bolivia)"
• Dates: March 1990-
• Participating Units: Bolivian Special Antinarcotics Force (FELCN), Bolivian Rural Area Police Patrol Unit (UMOPAR), and 35 Americans from Army, Coast Guard, Customs, and DEA as the lead agency.
• Type: Drug interdiction.
• Location: Bolivia
• Bibliography: Mendel, William W. "Illusive victory: From blast furnace to Green Sweep". Military Review 72(12): 74-86, December 1992.

GRANBY

• Mission: Operation Granby is the British equivalent for DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM.
• Dates: 9 August 1990 (first planes were sent) Dates are the same as for DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM.
• Participating Units: British forces
• Type: Offensive
• Location: Persian Gulf
• Bibliography:
  
  • "United Kingdom gave good account in war with Iraq". Signal : AFCEA's International Journal 46(2): 35-36, Oct 1990.
  • Miller, David. "U.K. forces in the Gulf War: Analysis of a commitment". Military Technology 15(7):39-49, 1991.

GREEN SWEEP

• Mission: To arrest and prosecute marijuana growers and traffickers, eradicate plants, restore the cultivation site to original conditions, removal of agribusiness paraphernalia from the forest and restoration of the growing site.
• Dates: July-August 1990
• Participating Units: 110 California National Guard; 60 Active Army; Bureau of Land Management and other law enforcement agencies.
• Type: Drug interdiction.
• Location: Bolivia
• Bibliography: See GHOST ZONE.

GTMO

• Mission: To provide emergency relief to Haitian migrants. GTMO is shorthand for Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, nicknamed Git'mo, where a camp for refugees was established.
• Dates: 23 November 1991-
• Participating Units: Joint Task Force Headed by Marine Corps BG George Walls, Jr.
• Type: Humanitarian
• Location: Haiti
• Bibliography: Vick, James A., Jr. "Intelligence support to Operation "GIT'MO" ". Military Intelligence 19(2):6-9+, April-June 1993.

HURRICANE ANDREW

• Mission: To provide aid to the people of Florida and Louisiana. Supplies, troops, water and water purification systems were sent. Tent cities were built and security provided.
• Dates: August - September 1992
• Participating Units: 11,510 federal troops. Navy ships USS Sierra and USS Opportune.
• Type: Disaster Relief
• Location: Florida and Louisiana
• Bibliography:
  
  • "With hurricane military" Associated Press, PM cycle, Aug. 31, 1992.
  • Associated Press. "Military joins forces to help storm victims ..." Chicago Tribune, Evening Update Edition, Aug. 31, 1992.
  • Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1 (3)Table:36-37, Winter 1993-94.

JTF-120

• Mission: Part of the Haitian Assistance Group (HAG) under the larger Caribbean Assistance Task Force this JTF was to enforce sactions against Haiti.
• Dates: September 1993
• Participating Units: U.S. Navy and Coast Guard
• Type: Interdiction of sea lanes
• Location: Caribbean Sea
• Bibliography:
  
  • Cole, Richard. "U.S.: Haitian deportation interrupted, but policy unchanged." Associated Press, AM cycle, Oct 18, 1993.
  • Siegel, Adam."The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1 (3) Table :36-37, Winter 1993-94.

JTF-ALASKA OIL SPILL

• Dates: April-September 1989
• Type: Environmental Cleanup; Exxon Valdez
• Location: Alaska
• Bibliography: Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1 (3)Table:36-37, Winter 1993-94.

JTF-LA

• Mission: 4,500 soldiers and Marines sent to support civilian authorities responding to rioting, looting and other violence. Military personnel were barred from performing civilian law enforcement duties. Primary role of military personnel was to provide security to free local law enforcement officials to carry out their traditional roles.
• Dates: May 1992
• Participating units: U.S. Army, Marines, and California Army National Guard Units.
• Type: Civil Disturbance
• Location: Los Angeles, California
• Bibliography:
  
  • Spitzer, Kirk. "Final decision on use of force left to soldiers on street". Gannett News Service, May 4, 1992
  • Cox News Service. "Federal troops lack authority for arrests while aiding police" Chicago Tribune, City Edition, pg. 5; Zone: C, May 3, 1992
  • Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1 (3)Table:36- 37, Winter 1993-94.

JTF-PHILIPPINES

• Mission: Evacuation of Americans during a coup attempt. Protect U.S. interests in the Philippines.
• Dates: November-December 1989
• Participating Units: U.S. Air Force F-4 fighter jets from Clark AFB.
• Type: Evacuation and Foreign Internal Defense.
• Location: Philippines
• Bibliography:
  
  • Raum, Tom. "U.S. Official says Mrs. Aquino in precarious position." Associated Press, PM cycle, Dec 7, 1989.
  • Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1 (3)Table:36-37, Winter 1993-94.
  • Drinkard, Jim. "Administration says evacuation of Americans 'careful, effective'." Associated Press, AM cycle, Dec 6, 1989.

JTF-SOMALIA

This is the broad term used for all operations in Somalia.

JUST CAUSE

• Mission: To protect American lives and interests under the Panama Canal Treaty; destroy the combat capability of the Panama Defense Force (PDF); and to apprehend General Manuel Antonio Noreiga.
• Dates: 20 December-1989-3 January 1990
• Participating Units: Joint U.S. Task Forces
• Type: Offensive
• Location: Panama
• Bibliography: Watson, Bruce W. and Tsouras, Peter G. Operation JUST CAUSE: The U.S. Intervention in Panama. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991.

MEDFLAG

• Mission: Contingency response team, developed under the direction of the U.S. Army, Europe after the 1983 bombing of the Marine Barracks in Beirut, Lebanon. MEDFLAG missions test the contingency response team's ability to deploy, sustain themselves in the field environment and redeploy to their home station.
• Dates: Various
• Participating Units: Vary depend on mission and location.
• Type: Humanitarian
• Location: Varies
• Bibliography:
  
  • Sheehan, Rourk. "MEDFLAG Zimbabwe". Soldiers 47(1): 24-25. January 1992.
  • Kalinoski, Mark S. "MEDFLAG 89: Botswana". Soldiers 45(2): 44-46. February 1990.

MILITARY SUPPORT TO U.S. EMBASSY, FREETOWN

• Mission: To evacuate U.S. citizens from the capital after a military coup.
• Dates: May 1992
• Participating Units: U.S. Military aircraft
• Type: Evacuation
• Location: Freetown, Sierra Leone
• Bibliography:
  
  • "Bosnia leader released from day-long detention." USA Today, Final Edtion, Pg 5A, May 4, 1992.
  • Siegel, Adam. "The cutting edge of Unified Actions." Joint Forces Quarterly,1(3)Table: 36-37, Winter 1993-1994

MULTINATIONAL FORCE AND OBSERVERS

• Mission: To keep watch in the Sinai at the Egypt-Israeli border.
• Dates: 25 April 1982- (included in this list because the operation is ongoing at this time).
• Participating Units: A coalition of about two thousand soldiers from eleven nations, about half of whom are American troops.
• Type: Peacekeeping; Observation
• Location: Sinai
• Bibliography: Garcia, Elroy. "A Test of Patience". Soldiers 49(3):38-41, March 1994.

NIMROD DANCER

• Mission: Peacekeeping operation which includes, foreign internal defense, terrorism counteraction, peacekeeping operations, and contingency operations, "actions short of war".
• Dates: May 1989-September 1989
• Participating Units: 7th Infantry Division (Light), 2d Battalion, 8th Field Artillery, 193d Infantry Brigade (Light), Special Forces, and Navy and Marines elements.
• Type: Peacekeeping
• Location: Panama
• Bibliography:
  
  • DeFrancisco, Joseph E., and Reese. Robert J. "NIMROD DANCER artillery: Fire support in low-intensity conflict". Field Artillery 17-21, April 1990.
  • Galvagno, Steven M. and Rock, Alan J. "The IPB process in low-intensity conflict". Infantry 80(6): 20-23, November-December 1990.

PATRIOT DEFENDER

• Mission: Defend Israel against Iraqi Scud Missile attacks. These were the first foreign troops ever deployed in Israel.
• Dates: January - February 1991
• Participating Units: 700 U.S. Army soldiers from Germany and Patriot Anti-missile batteries.
• Type: Missile Defense
• Location: Israel
• Bibliography:
  
  • Eliason, Marcus. "Israel Gives U.S. Patriot Crew a Warm and Grateful Send-off." Associated Press, AM cycle, April 2, 1991
  • Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting edge of Unified Actions." Joint Forces Quarterly,1(3)Table: 36-37, Winter 1993-1994

POPLAR TREE

• Mission: Rescue 12 Green Berets from a San Salvador hotel, if needed. They were released without the use of the U.S. special force.
• Partcipating Units: U.S. Army special forces.
• Type: Rescue
• Location: San Salvador
• Bibliography:
  
  • Brown, Tom. "Green Berets leave hotel after rebels' seige." Reuters, AM cycle, November 22, 1989.
  • Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting edge of Unified Actions." Joint Forces Quarterly,1(3)Table: 36-37, Winter 1993-1994

PRODUCTIVE EFFORT

Original name of Operation SEA ANGEL.

PROMOTE LIBERTY

• Mission: Follow-on operation of JUST CAUSE. To stabilize the country and aid the new government.
• Dates: 3 January 1990-
• Participating Units: Joint Task Force Panama
• Type: Peacekeeping; civil affairs
• Location: Panama
• Bibliography:
  
  • Reinstedt, Erick A. "Light Cavalry in a peacekeeping role". Armor C(3): 33-37, May-June 1991.
  • Yates, Lawrence A. "Joint Task Force Panama: JUST CAUSE-before and after". Military Review 71(10): 58-71, October 1991.

PROVEN FORCE

• Mission: To create a second front in the north to deny Saddam Hussein access to areas out of range of the southern air and ground assults.
• Dates: January - February 1991
• Participating Units: U.S. Air Force assigned to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey
• Type: Offensive
• Location: Turkey and Northern Iraqi
• Bibliography:
  
  • Streetly, Martin. "Bye-Bye birdie; phaseout of the 42nd Electronic Combat Squadron; International Report." Journal of Electronic Defense, 15(10):21, October 1992.
  • Siegel, Adam. " The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1(3)Table:36-37, Winter 1993-1994.

PROVIDE COMFORT

• Mission: To provide humanitarian aid, primarily food distribution, to Kurdish refugees fleeing into Turkey.
• Dates: March 1991-July 1991
• Participating Units: Coalition of American, British, Dutch, French, Italian, Spanish, Canadian and Australian forces. United Nations' World Food Program and CARE provided nutrition and dietary support. Commanded by LTG John M. Shalikashvili, beginning April 16, 1991.
• Type: Humanitarian; Security
• Location: Turkey
• Bibliography:
  
  • Costa, Christopher P., CPT. "Changing gears: Special operations intelligence support to Operation Provide Comfort". Military Intelligence 18(4): 24-28, October-December 1992.
  • Elmo, David S. "Food distribution during Operation Provide Comfort". Special Warfare 5(1): 8-9, March 1992.
  • Cushman, John H. "Joint, jointer, jointest". Naval Institute Proceedings 118(5): 78-85, May 1992.

PROVIDE COMFORT II

• Mission: To provide protection for Kurds and prevent further exodus into the mountains.
• Dates: July 1991-
• Participating Units: Combined Task Force, U.S. lead for rapid intervention.
• Type: Humanitarian; Security
• Location: Turkey
• Bibliography: Ripley, Tim. "Operation Provide Comfort II: Western forces protect Kurds". International Defense Review 24(10): 1055-1057, October 1991.

PROVIDE HOPE

• Mission: To provide food, fuel, medicine and shelter to hospitals in the former Soviet Union. Working in conjunction with U.S. Agency for International Development (AID) and the American International Health Alliance (AIHA), forces were used to deliver the supplies. Two Russian aircraft were also used in the transport of these goods.
• Dates: February 1992
• Participating Units: U.S. Air Force aircraft.
• Type: Relief
• Location: Former Soviet Union
• Bibliography:
  
  • "Fact Sheet: Russia." Department of State Dispatch 04(33), Aug 16, 1993.
  • "Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh partner hospital in Minsk to recieve $10 million in U.S. aid and host visit from First Lady Hillary Clinton." PR Newswire, State and Regional News, Jan 12, 1994.
  • Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1(3)Table:36-37, Winter 1993-1994.
  • "Aeroflot jets help in airdrop." USA Today, News, Pg 4A, Mar 4, 1993.

PROVIDE PROMISE

• Mission: To supply food and medicine to Bosnian refugees in the Balkans.
• Dates: July 1992
• Participating Units: 435 Airlift Wing at Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany. Supplemented by Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve C-130's. 5th Quartermaster Detachment of the Army. UN Peacekeeping Forces.
• Type: Humanitarian
• Location: Bosnia
• Bibliography:
  
  • Hessenflow, Don. "Total force aids victims of war: Operation Provide Promise". Officer 64(10): 22-25. October 1993.
  • Capaccio, Tony. "Bosnia airdrop". Air Force Magazine 76(7): 52-55. July 1993.
  • Lampkins, Ellen G. "Guard keeps promise: West Virginia unit delivers aid to Sarajevo". National Guard 66(10): 36-38. October 1992.

PROVIDE REFUGE

• Dates: January 1993
• Type: Relief
• Location: Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands
• Bibliography: Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting Edge of Unified Actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1(3)Table:36-37, Winter 1993-1994.

PROVIDE RELIEF

• Mission: To conduct an emergency airlift of food to famine-stricken Somalia and to refugees in Kenya.
• Dates: 14 August 1992-19 January 1993
• Participating Units: U.S. forces
• Type: Humanitarian
• Location: Kenya
• Bibliography: Sly, Liz. "U.S. ending military role in food airlifts to Somalia". Chicago Tribune, 11 November 1992, p. 1

PROVIDE TRANSITION

• Mission: To provide airlifts and support the peace until elections could be held.
• Dates: August 1992 - October 1992
• Participating Units: U.S. Air Force C-130 aircraft
• Type: Internal Defense
• Location: Angola
• Bibliography:
  
  • Kramer, Reed. "National Guard may join Angolan election effort." Africia News, August 17, 1992.
  • Williams, Pete. "Defense Department" Federal News Service, Defense Department Briefing, October 6, 1992.
  • Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1(3)Table:36-37, Winter 1993-1994.

QUICK LIFT

• Mission: "...assist in the protection and evacuation of Americans and other foreigners..." after two days of rioting in the capital.
• Dates: September 1991
• Participating Units: U.S. Air Force C-141 aircraft and crews.
• Type: Evacuation
• Location: Zaire
• Bibliography:
  
  • Johnston, Oswald. "U.S. to evacuate Americans in troubled Zaire." Los Angles Times, Home Edition, Part A; Page 4; Column 1; Foreign Desk, September 26, 1991.
  • Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1(3)Table:36-37, Winter 1993-1994.

RESTORE HOPE

• Mission: "To use all necessary means to establish as soon as possible a secure environment for humanitarian relief operations in Somalia" -- Virginian-Pilot December 4, 1994, p.1.
• Dates: December 1992-March 1994
• Participating Units: 10th Mountain Division - principal unit, with troops from 14 other U.S. posts, reserve units and 4 locations in Germany. U.S. Marines.
• Type: Humanitarian, Offensive
• Location: Somalia
• Bibliography: Cochran, Darrell. "Restoring hope in Somalia". Soldiers 48(2):10-12. February 1993.

SEA ANGEL

Originally called "Operation PRODUCTIVE EFFORT". Named was changed when victims referred to forces as "Angels from the Sea".

• Mission: Joint service operation providing relief to Bangladesh after the typhoon of May 1991.
• Dates: May 1991-June 1991
• Participating Units: U.S. joint & combined forces.
• Type: Humanitarian
• Location: Bangladesh
• Bibliography:
  
  • Schenk, Susan. "On Wings of Sea Angels". Soldiers 47(2):50-52. February 1992.
  • Shafiq-ur-Rahman . "Disaster in Bangladesh: A Multinational Relief Effort". Naval War College Review 64(1):57-72. Winter 1993.

SEA ANGEL II

• Dates: November 1992
• Type: Disaster Relief
• Location: Bangladesh
• Bibliography:Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting Edge of Unified Actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1(3)Table:36-37, Winter 1993-1994.

SHARP EDGE

• Mission: "To secure the U.S. embassy with a reinforced rifle company. Evacuate embassy personnel, U.S. citizens, and designated foreign nationals from the U.S. embassy and area telecommunications receiver and transmitter sites. Provide logistics support to the U.S. embassy."
• Dates: 5 August 1990 - 21 August 1990
• Participating Units: Marines of Amphibious Squadron Four, Battalion Landing Team 2/4, Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron, MEU (Marine Expeditionary Unit) Service Support Group 22, Navy Ships Saipan, Ponce, and Sumter.
• Type: Evacuation
• Location: Liberia
• Bibliography: Parker, T. W. "Operation Sharp Edge". Naval Institute Proceedings 117(5):102-106. May 1991.

SOUTHERN WATCH

• Mission: To enforce the air-exclusion ("no-fly") zone, barring all Iraqi aircraft south of the 32nd parallel, as protection for some seven million Shiite Marsh Arabs.
• Dates: 27 August 1992-
• Type: Peacekeeping (mainly an air operation, but the the 24,000 ground troops stationed in the Persian Gulf are included).
• Location: Persian Gulf
• Bibliography: "Pentagon launches Operation SOUTHERN WATCH in Iraqi 'No-Fly' Zone". Agence France Press [wire service], 27 August 1992.

STEEL BOX

• Mission: Removal of all U.S. chemical weapons from Germany. Under terms of a 1986 agreement all chemical weapons would be removed by 1992. In 1989 the removal was pushed ahead to be completed no later than 1991.
• Dates: 26 June 1990 - 22 September 1990
• Participating Units: 330th Ordnance Company, 3rd Ordnance Battalion, 59th Ordnance Brigade, with U.S. and German Chemical experts.
• Type: Logistics
• Location: Germany
• Bibliography: Fowler, Debra. "Removing chemical weapons from Europe". Army Logistician 36-37. March-April 1991.

TYPHOON INIKI

• Mission: To keep order on the stormed damaged Island of Kauai.
• Dates: September - October 1992
• Participating Units: U.S. Army
• Type: Disaster Relief
• Location: Kauai, Hawaii
• Bibliography:
  
  • Wilson, Rob. "The Week in Review:(Monday Sept. 14-Friday Sept. 18)" The Financial Post, Weekly Edition, September 21, 1992.
  • Linn, Thomas. "The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1(3):34-39, Winter 1993-1994.

TYPHOON OMAR

• Mission: To provide relief to the victims of the storm on the island of Guam.
• Dates: August - September 1992
• Participating Units: U.S. Air Force aircraft. National Guard Troops.
• Type: Disaster Relief
• Location: Guam
• Bibliography:
  
  • Oliveri, Frank. "Aerospace World." Air Force Magazine, Nov 1992.
  • "Guam near normal after Omar; many need money to rebuild." Gannett News Service, Pacific Daily News, Sept 1992.
  • Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1(3)Table:36-37, Winter 1993-1994.

VICTOR SQUARED

• Mission: To evacuate Americans from Haiti after the coup that ousted President Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
• Dates: September 1991
• Participating Units: U.S. Marines
• Type: Evacuation
• Location: Haiti
• Bibliography:
  
  • Aldinger, Charles. "U.S. Marines in Cuba for possible Haiti evacuation effort." Reuters, AM cycle, October 3, 1991
  • Siegel, Adam. "The Cutting edge of unified actions." Joint Forces Quarterly, 1(3)Table:36-37, Winter 1993-1994.

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