Treaty Part 1: International Monitoring System THE INTERNATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM The International Monitoring System shall comprise [initially] seismological monitoring, radionuclide monitoring, hydroacoustic monitoring, infrasound monitoring, [satellite monitoring, EMP monitoring,] [and the international exchange of respective data]. Part 1: Seismological Monitoring [1. Each State Party to the Treaty undertakes to cooperate in an international exchange of seismological data to assist in the verification of [compliance with] the Treaty. This cooperation [shall] include[s] the establishment and operation of a network of seismological stations. [The first tier, referred to as a network of primary stations, shall be coordinated by the Technical Secretariat and shall provide uninterrupted data transmitted on-line to the International Data Centre. The second tier, referred to as a network of auxiliary stations, shall be established and operated by the States Parties and shall provide on-line data upon request by the International Data Centre.] [These stations shall be coordinated by the Technical Secretariat and provide data in accordance with agreed procedures to the International Data Centre.] 2.1 The Technical Secretariat shall monitor the quality of the [networks of primary and auxiliary] [seismological] stations and evaluate their overall performance [through routine audit procedures organized in conjunction with the host State Party. [The Executive Council may amend the networks by adding or deleting stations [in Tables ... of the Protocol], pursuant to the procedure for changing the Protocol set out in Article ... of the Treaty and Section ... of the Protocol].] [2.2 Each State Party shall have the right to participate in the international exchange of seismological data and to have access to all the seismological data made available to the International Data Centre. Each State Party shall cooperate with the International Data Centre through its national authority.] 3. The Technical Secretariat shall, in cooperation with the States Parties, coordinate the network of [primary] stations. This network shall consist [initially] of the [40] [46] [53] stations [specified in Table ... , annexed to this Protocol]. These stations shall fulfil the technical and operational requirements specified in the Operational Manual for Seismological Monitoring and the International Exchange of Seismological Data. [Uninterrupted data from the primary stations shall be transmitted on-line to the International Data Centre.] 4. A State Party shall cooperate with the Technical Secretariat in establishing and operating [primary] [one or more seismological] stations on its territory[, within areas under its jurisdiction or control, or elsewhere in conformity with international law, in accordance with the procedures in the Operational Manual on Seismological Monitoring and the International Exchange of Seismological Data. This cooperation shall cover the establishment of new stations and/or upgrades of existing facilities as appropriate]. [For an existing facility, a State Party shall give the Technical Secretariat authority to access the station as a primary station as specified in the Operational Manual for Seismological Monitoring and the International Exchange of Seismological Data and agree to make the necessary changes in the equipment and the operational procedures to meet these requirements. A State Party shall cooperate with the Technical Secretariat to establish a new station at a site to be agreed upon. The State Party shall also give the Technical Secretariat authority to access the station and cooperate with the Secretariat in its routine operation. The Technical Secretariat shall provide the necessary technical assistance to establish, operate and maintain the station(s).] [5. To supplement the primary network, an auxiliary network of [at least] [100] stations shall provide information to the International Data Centre on request. [The auxiliary stations to be used [initially] are listed in Table 1B, annexed to this Protocol.] The auxiliary stations shall be established and operated by the State Party on whose territory they are situated. The Technical Secretariat shall, if requested, provide technical assistance to a State Party in this regard. [The Technical Secretariat shall also, subject to the prior approval of the Executive Council, provide technical assistance to establish, operate and maintain such stations in regions of the world where there is a lack of such stations.] The auxiliary stations shall meet the technical and operational requirements specified in the Operational Manual for Seismological Monitoring and the International Exchange of Seismological Data. Data from the auxiliary stations may at any time be requested by the International Data Centre and shall be immediately available through on-line computer connections.] [6. The International Data Centre shall [routinely] receive all [seismological] data [from seismological stations in accordance with agreed procedures] [contributed to the international exchange by its participants], process [and analyze the data received from primary and auxiliary stations] [as well as any data from supplementary stations contributed by States Parties] [with the aim of detecting, identifying and locating significant events indicating a possible underground or underwater nuclear explosion] and distribute [the results to all States Parties] [these data to all participants] within [two] [...] days, and store all data [contributed by participants] as well as the results of the processing at the Centre. [A State Party shall be entitled to have access to the data at the International Data Centre and, at its own expense, also arrange for on-line access to the data.] The procedures to be used at the Centre shall be [those] laid down in the Operational Manual for Seismological Monitoring and the International Exchange of Seismological Data. [The Centre shall further coordinate requests for additional seismological data from one State Party to another Party and make such data available to all States Parties.]] [7. Each State Party is encouraged to assist in the assessment of the nature of the seismic events located by the International Data Centre by contributing any supplementary data or information available about events located in its own territory and to provide data recorded by seismic stations in national and regional networks when requested to do so by the International Data Centre.] [Table 1 Seismic Stations Incorporated into the CTBT International Monitoring System State Location Latitude Longitude Type] [Table 1-A List of Seismological Stations Comprising the CTBT Primary Network State Location Lat Long Type Commit Table 1-B List of Seismological Stations Comprising the CTBT Auxiliary Network State Location Lat Long Type Commit]] Part 2: Radionuclide Monitoring [1. Each State Party [to the Treaty] undertakes to cooperate in an international exchange of [radionuclide] data [on radionuclides in the atmosphere] [to assist in the verification of [compliance with] the Treaty] [which are relevant to the detection and identification of nuclear explosions, referred to in the rest of this Part as "radionuclides in the atmosphere"]. This cooperation shall include the establishment and operation of a network of radionuclide monitoring stations to measure particulates [and noble gases] in the atmosphere. The stations shall be coordinated by the Technical Secretariat and provide data[ promptly to the International Data Centre] [in accordance with agreed procedures to the International Data Centre]. 2. Each State Party shall have the right to participate in the international exchange of [radionuclide] data [on radionuclides in the atmosphere] and to have access to all [radionuclide] data [on radionuclides in the atmosphere] made available to the International Data Centre. Each State Party shall cooperate with the International Data Centre through its National Authority. 3. The Technical Secretariat shall, in cooperation with the States Parties, coordinate a specified network of [radionuclide] stations[ to measure radionuclides in the atmosphere]. This network shall consist [initially] of [the stations [and other means] specified in Table 2 , annexed to this Protocol, and comprise] an overall network of [50] [75] [100] [stations] [20 stations and 3 airborne laboratories] capable of monitoring for the presence of relevant particulate matter in the atmosphere[, of which [50] [75] [all] [stations] [10 stations and the three airborne laboratories] shall also be capable of monitoring for the presence of relevant noble gases]. These stations [and other means] shall fulfil the technical and operational requirements specified in the Operational Manual for [Surveillance of and International Exchange of Data on Radionuclides in the Atmosphere] [Radionuclide Monitoring and the International Exchange of Radionuclide Data]. 4. The Technical Secretariat shall monitor the quality of the [network of] [radionuclide] stations [to measure radionuclides in the atmosphere] and evaluate [its] [their] overall performance. [The Technical Secretariat shall, subject to the prior approval of the Executive Council, provide technical assistance to establish, operate and maintain new radionuclide stations in regions of the world where there is a lack of such stations.] [5.1 A State Party shall cooperate with the Technical Secretariat in establishing and operating one or several stations on its territory to measure radioactivity in the atmosphere[ on terms to be agreed with the Technical Secretariat]. For an existing facility a State Party shall give the Technical Secretariat authority to access the station as a station to measure radionuclides in the atmosphere as specified in the Operational Manual for Surveillance of and International Exchange of Data on Radionuclides in the Atmosphere and agree to make necessary changes in the equipment and the operational procedures to meet these requirements. A State Party shall cooperate with the Technical Secretariat to establish a new station at a site to be agreed upon. The State Party shall also give the Technical Secretariat authority to access the station and cooperate with the Secretariat in its routine operation.] [5.2 A State Party shall cooperate with the Technical Secretariat in establishing and operating one or more radionuclide stations on its territory, within areas under its jurisdiction or control, or elsewhere in conformity with international law, in accordance with procedures in the Operational Manual on Radionuclide Monitoring and the International Exchange of Radionuclide Data. This cooperation shall cover the establishment of new stations and/or upgrades of existing facilities as appropriate.] [5.3 When so requested in accordance with ... , each State Party undertakes to cooperate with the Technical Secretariat in the establishment and operation on mutually-agreeable terms, of [national, regional and] certified laboratories on its territory, within areas under its jurisdiction or control[, or elsewhere in conformity with international law]. These laboratories, [specified in Table 2,] shall, in accordance with procedures in the Operational Manual on Radionuclide Monitoring and the International Exchange of Radionuclide Data, undertake sample measurement and analysis as required in support of the operation of the radionuclide monitoring network and of the International Data Centre.] [5.4 When so requested in accordance with ... , each State Party undertakes to cooperate with the Technical Secretariat in the operation on mutually-agreeable terms, and international deployment of air-mobile radionuclide monitoring capabilities in addition to ground-based elements of the radionuclide monitoring network. The Technical Secretariat shall coordinate the deployment of three airborne laboratories for this purpose, in accordance with procedures in the Operational Manual on Radionuclide Monitoring and the International Exchange of Radionuclide Data.] [6.1 In addition to routinely submitted measurements, each State Party may provide any other relevant measurement on radionuclides in the atmosphere through its National Data Centre. Each State Party may also request additional data from a third party through the Technical Secretariat. The procedures for making such requests shall be those laid down in the Operational Manual for Surveillance of and International Exchange of Data on Radionuclides in the Atmosphere.] [6.2 The International Data Centre shall receive data from radionuclide stations in accordance with agreed procedures, process and distribute this data to all participants within ... days, store all data contributed by participants as well as the results of the processing at the Centre. The procedures to be used at the Centre shall be laid down in the Operational Manual for Radionuclide Monitoring and the International Exchange of Radionuclide Data.] [7. The International Data Centre shall receive all measurements on radionuclides in the atmosphere contributed to the international exchange by its participants and routinely process [and analyze] these measurements according to established procedures[ with the aim of detecting, identifying and locating significant events indicating a possible nuclear explosion in the atmosphere, underground or underwater]. States Parties hosting station(s) in the radionuclide network will provide measurements on a ... basis and will also provide measurements on request from the International Data Centre. [The Centre shall, at the request by a State Party, evaluate an observed release of radionuclides in the atmosphere as well as the time and location of the source.] [The Centre shall, at the request by a State Party, assist in the determination of the origin, time and location of the source of a release of radionuclides in the atmosphere.] [In this analysis, relevant wind trajectories obtained from meteorological data shall be used.] The results [of the analysis] shall be distributed to all States Parties within ... , and the records thereof be kept at the Centre. The procedures to be used in the analysis at the Centre shall be those laid down in the Operational Manual for Surveillance of and International Exchange of Data on Radionuclides in the Atmosphere. The Centre shall also coordinate requests for additional measurements from one State Party to another and circulate the information obtained as a result of such requests.] [Table 2 List of Stations to Measure Radionuclides in the Atmosphere 2A List of Stations Monitoring Particulates State Station 2B List of Stations Monitoring Noble Gases State Station]] Part 3: Hydroacoustic Monitoring [1. Each State Party to the Treaty undertakes to cooperate in an international exchange of hydroacoustic data[ to assist in the verification of [compliance with] the Treaty] [which is relevant to the detection and identification of underwater nuclear explosions, referred to in the rest of this Part as "hydroacoustic data"]. [This cooperation shall include the establishment and operation of a network of hydroacoustic stations. These stations shall be coordinated by the Technical Secretariat and provide data [promptly] [in accordance with agreed procedures] to the International Data Centre.] [This cooperation shall include the establishment and operation of a network of hydroacoustic stations operating with agreed specifications. These stations shall be coordinated by the Technical Secretariat and provide data to the International Data Centre in accordance with agreed procedures.] 2. Each State Party shall have the right to participate in the international exchange of hydroacoustic data and to have access to all the hydroacoustic data made available to the International Data Centre. Each State Party shall cooperate with the International Data Centre through its National Authority. 3. The Technical Secretariat shall, in cooperation with the States Parties, coordinate a specified network of hydroacoustic stations. This network shall consist [initially] of [the stations specified in Table 3, annexed to this Protocol, and comprise] an overall network of [2 hydroacoustic arrays and 4 fixed cable stations] [2 hydroacoustic arrays and 8 fixed cable stations] [2 hydroacoustic arrays and 19 autonomous moored buoys] . These stations shall fulfil the technical and operational requirements specified in the Operational Manual for Hydroacoustic Monitoring and the International Exchange of Hydroacoustic Data. [Data from the stations shall be transmitted promptly to the International Data Centre.] 4. The Technical Secretariat shall monitor the quality of the hydroacoustic stations and evaluate their overall performance. 5. A State Party shall cooperate with the Technical Secretariat in establishing and operating one or [several] [more] hydroacoustic stations on its territory, within areas under its jurisdiction or control, or elsewhere in conformity with international law [on terms to be agreed with the Technical Secretariat] [, in accordance with the procedures in the Operational Manual for Hydroacoustic Monitoring and the International Exchange of Hydroacoustic Data. This cooperation shall cover the establishment of new stations and/or upgrades of existing facilities as appropriate]. [For an existing facility a State Party shall give the Technical Secretariat authority to access the station as specified in the Operational Manual for Hydroacoustic Monitoring and the International Exchange of Hydroacoustic Data and agree to make necessary changes in the equipment and the operational procedures to meet these requirements. [A State Party shall cooperate with the Technical Secretariat to establish a new station at a site or position to be agreed upon.]] 6. The International Data Centre shall [routinely] receive data from hydroacoustic stations[ in accordance with agreed procedures], process and distribute these data to all participants within ... days, store all data contributed by participants as well as the results of the processing at the Centre. The procedures to be used at the Centre shall be those laid down in the Operational Manual for Hydroacoustic Monitoring and the International Exchange of Hydroacoustic Data. [Table 3 Hydroacoustic Stations Incorporated into the CTBT International Monitoring System State Location Latitude Longitude Type]] Part 4: Infrasound Monitoring [1. Each State Party to the Treaty undertakes to cooperate in an international exchange of infrasound data to assist in the verification of compliance with the Treaty. This cooperation shall include the establishment and operation of a network of infrasound stations. These stations shall be coordinated by the Technical Secretariat and provide data in accordance with agreed procedures to the International Data Centre. 2. Each State Party shall have the right to participate in the international exchange of infrasound data and to have access to all the infrasound data made available to the International Data Centre. Each State Party shall cooperate with the International Data Centre through its National Authority. 3. The Technical Secretariat shall, in cooperation with the States Parties, coordinate a specified network of infrasound stations. This network shall consist of [the stations specified in Table 4, annexed to this Protocol, and comprise] an overall network of [60] [70] stations . These stations shall fulfil the technical and operational requirements specified in the Operational Manual for Infrasound Monitoring and the International Exchange of Infrasound Data. 4. The Technical Secretariat shall monitor the quality of the infrasound stations and evaluate their overall performance. 5. A State Party shall cooperate with the Technical Secretariat in establishing and operating one or more infrasound stations on its territory, within areas under its jurisdiction or control, or elsewhere in conformity with international law, in accordance with the procedures in the Operational Manual for Infrasound Monitoring and the International Exchange of Infrasound Data. This cooperation shall cover the establishment of new stations and/or upgrades of existing facilities as appropriate. 6. The International Data Centre shall receive data from infrasound stations in accordance with agreed procedures, process and distribute these data to all participants within ... days, store all data contributed by participants as well as the results of the processing at the Centre. The procedures to be used at the Centre shall be those laid down in the Operational Manual for Infrasound Monitoring and the International Exchange of Infrasound Data. [Table 4 Infrasound Stations Incorporated into the CTBT International Monitoring System State Location Latitude Longitude Type]] [Part 5: Satellite Monitoring 1. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate with the Organization in the development of satellite monitoring in order to promote compliance with the Treaty. 2. Each State Party undertakes to transmit directly to ground receiving States designated by the Organization all data of relevance to nuclear explosion monitoring obtained by satellites in its possession which have nuclear explosion sensing capabilities. (Alternatively: Each State Party undertakes to cooperate with the Organization and, on the basis of agreement with the Organization, to carry nuclear explosion sensing equipment provided by the Organization aboard suitable satellites in its possession, and to transmit all data acquired by the nuclear explosion sensing equipment directly to ground receiving stations designated by the Organization.) 3. Each State Party undertakes that, if needed, it shall in collaboration with the Organization establish and operate a satellite ground receiving station or stations on its territory or in places under its jurisdiction or control. The Organization shall provide necessary technical assistance for the construction, operation and maintenance of these ground stations, including the requisite data-receiving and -processing equipment and technology for the satellite monitoring system, and train personnel in the analysis and processing of the satellite data. 4. Each State Party undertakes to transmit completely and on-line satellite monitoring data received and processed at ground station(s) designated by the Organization on its territory and in places under its jurisdiction and control to the International Data Centre. 5. The International Data Centre shall promptly distribute analyzed data to all States Parties. States Parties shall have access to the IDC's satellite data at any time.] [Part 6: EMP Monitoring 1. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate with the Technical Secretariat in the establishment and operation of Treaty-designated EMP stations and related communications facilities on its territory or in places under its jurisdiction or control. 2. The Technical Secretariat shall direct and supervise the establishment and operation of Treaty-designated EMP stations by States Parties in accordance with uniform technical specifications and criteria. 3. All EMP monitoring stations, National Data Centres and the EMP Data Processing Centre under the International Data Centre, should use uniform standard software in storing, analyzing, processing and transmitting data received. 4. The cost for the establishment, operation and maintenance of the EMP monitoring system shall be borne by the Treaty Organization. To minimize the cost for deployment, existing stations shall be utilized as far as possible, with necessary technical upgrading if required. 5. The Technical Secretariat shall trigger the appropriate atmospheric radionuclide monitoring stations if the analysis of ambiguous EMP signals indicate possible occurrence of a nuclear explosion. 6. States Parties shall have the right to access to all data obtained by the EMP monitoring system through the International Data Centre.] Part 7: Criteria for Identification of Significant Events Pursuant to Paragraph 18a [WP.146] criteria for the identification of significant events from the IMS monitored data should be formulated here. They should cover the detection, identification and location of events which indicate a possible nuclear explosion with a sufficiently high degree of confidence. These should be composite criteria, allowing for synergy between the IMS networks (c.f. WP.117). The criteria should define the smallest area of uncertainty for the location of an explosion, consistent with the precision of the monitoring networks which are relevant to the specific event and specific site, taking into account the technical characteristics of the networks. Any other technical information which may further reduce uncertainties of detection, identification and location should be clearly defined. The criteria should be developed by a group of experts. Part 8: Use of Satellite Data and Other Methods Part 8 needs further technical consideration. This part could cover all those monitoring techniques which would not become part of the International Monitoring System. As a reminder: Overhead imagery capabilities for CTBT verification purposes could be achieved from the dual-use (military/civilian) characteristics of existing space-based and airborne systems. [1. Each State Party undertakes to make satellite image data available on terms to be agreed with the Technical Secretariat. The Technical Secretariat shall, upon request, assist States Parties in the processing of satellite image data to facilitate the interpretation of events relevant to this Treaty. The procedures to be used by the Technical Secretariat shall be those laid down in the Operational Manual for Satellite Data Processing. 2. The Technical Secretariat shall facilitate cooperation among States Parties in using additional means of verification which any State Party may find useful. The Technical Secretariat shall receive, compile and circulate any data relevant to the verification of this Treaty which any State Party makes available. 3. The Technical Secretariat shall, in consultation with [the States Parties and] the Scientific Advisory Board[ and subject to approval by the Conference], provide technical assistance to establish, operate and maintain any additional means of verification. 4. Additional means of verification of compliance with this Treaty may include acoustic and ionospheric measurements in the atmosphere.] Part 9: Procedures for International Monitoring It should be considered whether language would be needed for procedures covering the relationship between the Technical Secretariat and e.g. nationally owned and operated monitoring stations, national authorities, national data centres, certified laboratories. [Part 10: Security of the Global Data Exchange System and Authentication of Data to be Exchanged within the IMS 1. Each State Party to the Treaty undertakes to cooperate with other States Parties and with the Organization in the creation, the development and the implementation of techniques suited to strengthening the security of the global data exchange system and the authentication of such data. 2. Each State Party to the Treaty shall be responsible for implementing and strengthening the security and data authentication procedures related to the stations and facilities located on its national territory as well as to the transmission of data from such stations and facilities to the International Data Centre. 3. The Technical Secretariat shall negotiate, on behalf of the Organization, agreements with States Parties or other States, as appropriate, for implementing and strengthening the security and data authentication procedures related to the stations and facilities not located on the national territory of any State Party as well as to the transmission of data from such stations and facilities to the International Data Centre. Such agreements shall include provisions detailing the arrangements for meeting the relevant requirements. The agreements shall be submitted to the Conference for approval, and subsequent amendments shall be subject to prior approval by the Executive Council. 4. The Technical Secretariat shall monitor the quality of the security and data authentication procedures and evaluate their overall performance in accordance with the procedures set forth in the relevant Operational Manual.] .